• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

The population of Korea is ageing as the number of elderly people increases due to improvements in health care and diet. Accordingly, it is expected that interest in how to live actively during the years after retirement and how to communicate effectively will increase the demand for voice improvement methods and technology. However, the criteria to evaluate the voice strength and characteristics of the elderly are lacking. In this study, we analyzed the acoustic characteristics of elderly women living in the community according to residential status and mental health status (e.g. depressive mood). Accordingly, we selected women (n=63) above the age of 65 age who were living in the Seoul metropolitan area and Daegu Gyeongbuk. The selected subjects were divided into two groups: a normal speaker group (n=40) and a speaker group comprised of those suffering from depressive mood (n=23). This study analyzed the voice characteristics of subjects based on collected data through the sustained phonation of the vowel /a/. It was shown that there were differences among MPT, F0, Jitter, Shimmer and NHR depending on location of residence but no difference with regard to depressive mood. Therefore, we must consider location of residence in elderly as the key factor in demonstrating the voice norms of seniors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1998

It has been reported that Tonsillectomy ＆ Adenoidectomy(T & A) resulted in the change of voice by structural changes directly to the vocal track. We studied the effect of T & A on the voice of patients comparing the pre-operative to the post-operative voice. It was performed using a Computerized Speech Lab(CSL50) which is currently used as a method for voice analysis. Forty-five patients who had T＆A, aging from 3 to 42 years old, took part in studies and wert evaluated for voice changes and the degree of formant changes of four basic vowels, /a/, /i/, /o/, and /u/. They were evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively one month later using MDVP, CSL program of CSL50. The results obtained were as follows ; In using MDVP, there were some differences between pre-operative and post-operative shimmer measures within the normal range but other acoustic measures(Fo, jitter, NHR) show no significant differences(p>0.05). F3 of /a/ and /o/ were significantly decreased(p<0.05) and F2, F3 of /i/ were increased(p>0.05) in patients who only had Tonsillectomy in doing CSL spectrogram. For the patients who had T & A, Fl and F3 of /a/, F3 of /i/, Fl, F2 and F3 of /o/ were decreased with significant increase in F1 and F2 of /i/(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1998

Type Ⅰ thyuroplasty in conjunction with arytenoid adduction is one of the excellent techniques in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. But perioperative objective evaluation of the patients is difficult. With the development of the videostroboscopy and image analysis program, we could quantify the Glottal Area Waveform(GAW) in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and investigated the relationship between the glottal area and aerodynamic and acoustic parameters. Eight female patients who were performed type Ⅰ thyroplasty in conjunction with arytenoid adduction and 5 females with normal vocal function were involved in this study. Preoperative and postoperative videostroboscopy and vocal function study wire performed. GAW was analysed quantitatively with image analysis program (Kay Stroboscope Image analysis, KSIP) Peak Glottal Area(PGA), Baseline Offset(BO), and Closing Phase(CP) were increased in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and they were reduced after the operation. Mean flow Rate (MFR) was well correlated with the PGA in normal control group and unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients. Noise to harmonic ratio(NHR) was correlated with PGA only in preoperative unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients. In conclusion quantitative measurement of the GAW is useful method in evaluation of unilateral vocal f31d paralysis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : Though voice therapy is proven to be effective in academia, treatment results and satisfaction level are inconsistent in clinics. The inconsistency may rise from diverse vocal cords misuse patterns in patient population as they suffer from different diseases or have bad phonation habits. In order to overcome the limitation, we uniformized patients' vocal cords with injection laryngoplasty prior to voice therapy. The efficacy of voice therapy and consistency in treatment results after injection laryngoplasty were assessed. Materials and Methods : Patients diagnosed with vocal nodules were either treated with injection laryngoplasty followed by voice therapy (combined treatment group) or voice therapy only (voice therapy group). Each group consisted of 15 patients. Acoustic measures (jitter, shimmer, NHR), aerodynamic measures (MPT, Psub, MAFR), and subjective auditory conscious measures (K-VHI, K-VRQOL) between two groups were analyzed. Results : After treatments, both groups improved in terms of acoustic, aerodynamic, and subjective auditory conscious measures compared to pre-treatment. Combined treatment group had statistically significantly greater improvement in shimmer, P in K-VHI, and PF in K-VRQOL compared to voice therapy group. Conclusion : Injection laryngoplasty treatment prior to voice therapy synergizes in treating patients compared to voice therapy only.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze spectral versus cepstral measurements in esophageal speakers. The comparison between the measurements in thirteen male esophageal speakers was compared with the control group of thirteen normal speakers using the sustained vowel /a/. The main results can be summarized as below: (a) the CPP and L/H ratio of the esophageal group were significantly lower than those of the control group (b) the CPP was significantly correlated with the spectral parameters such as jitter, shimmer, NHR and VTI, and (c) the ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 10.25dB for the CPP achieved a good classification for esophageal speakers, with 100% perfect sensitivity and specificity. Thus, it was known that cepstral-based acoustic measures such as CPP, may be more reliable predictors than other spectral-based acoustic measures such as jitter and shimmer. And it was found that cepstral-based acoustic measures were effective in distinguishing esophageal voice quality from normal voice quality. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with laryngectomees.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2003

Many people suffer from various laryngeal diseases. Since we can notice voice change easily, acoustic analysis can be helpful to diagnose the diseases. Several attempts have been made to clarify the relation between the parameters and the state of sick vocal folds but any decisive parameters are not found yet. The purpose of this study was to select and develop those parameters useful for diagnosing and differentiating laryngeal diseases. We examined eight MDVP parameters, and two additional MFCC and LPC parameters obtained from the production of an open vowel by 252 subjects with or without laryngeal diseases. Using a statistical procedure through the artificial neural networks, we attempted to differentiate laryngeal disease groups. Results showed that the LPC parameters indicated the highest differentiating rate by the networks followed by the MFCC and the MDVP parameters. In addition, Jita, Shim and NHR among the MDVP parameters came out better parameters in diagnosing laryngeal diseases.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effect of the therapeutic methods between vocal function exercise(VFE), which has been used for the patients with presbyphonia in the precedent studies and laryngeal calibration technique($SKLCT^{(R)}$), which is designed by the author. We identified 58 patients who was been diagnosed as presbylaryngis by laryngoscopic examinations. 21 patients were underwent voice therapy using $SKLCT^{(R)}$, 20 patients were taken VFE, and the control group of 17 patients were not taken any voice therapy. All subjects received the therapy, ranging from seven to nine sessions, and were evaluated the voice change on pretherapy and posttherapy. The grade of hoarseness, roughness, and breathiness voice were reduced on perceptual judgments after $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but only grade of hoarseness was reduced after the VFE. Jitter, Shimmer, NHR were reduced and MPT were increased after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$(p<.05), while Jitter and SFF were reduced after the VFE. Frequency and intensity range were increased significantly on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy by the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, on the other hand only intensity range was increased after VFE. Especially, we can find the significant change that glottic gap and supraglottic compressions was reduced in most of patients after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but there's no changes in the group of VFE and control group. In the study, we can suggest that the $SKLCT^{(R)}$ may be useful in improving the voice qualities and laryngeal function of presbyphonia.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Voice change after thyroidectomy may develop without injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Psychogenic or emotional factors related to voice change after thyroidectomy has been rarely studied. In this study, we sought to analyze the impact of anxiety on early state of post-thyroidectomy voice change. Materials and Methods: We made a retrospective chart review of 36 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma and voice exam before surgery, 2 weeks after and 1 month after surgery. All patients included in the study answered a questionnaire for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI-KYZ (form Korean YZ). Clinico-pathologic factors and parameters of voice analysis were reviewed to analyze correlation to the anxiety index. Results: No differences were identified between clinicopathologic factors and preoperative parameters of voice analysis between patients with higher and lower level of anxiety. Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) was higher in those patients with higher level of anxiety, 2 weeks after surgery (p=0.043). However, none of the parameters showed any difference 1 month later. Conclusion: With limited number of patients and short period of follow up, significant impact of preoperative anxiety on postoperative voice change after thyroidectomy could not be identified in this preliminary study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Surgery is considered the primary treatment for intracordal cyst. However, patients who had undergone surgery are still subject to recurrence and continued voice changes. Intracordal cysts naturally disappear in some patient population. Cyst does not always recur in patients who had received partial surgical removal, too. Contradicting results raises a question whether complete surgical removal of intracordal cyst is necessary and demonstrate need for better treatment. Herein, the author proposes novel surgical method technique intralaryngeal needle technique (INT), a technique using surgical needle for not only injection but also for aspiration and excision of cyst. This study aims to examine the potential of intralaryngeal needle technique in treating intracordal cysts. Materials and Methods : Surgical procedures were done on in-patients diagnosed with intracordal cyst. 23 patients received follow-up screening after the surgery for one year. Patients' subjective satisfaction levels, acoustic measures, aerodynamic measures, laryngeal stroboscopic results were compared before and after the treatment. Results : Overall patients were satisfied with novel surgical excision method. In terms of aerodynamic measures, maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate improved after the surgery. In terms of acoustic measures, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, and voice pitch changes after the treatment showed statistically significant differences. Laryngeal stroboscopy results showed significant decreases in cyst sizes. Post-surgery patients had improved mucosal waves and amplitudes values. Conclusion : The results show the validity of intralaryngeal needle technique in reducing intracordal cyst size by excision, aspiration, and injection. The author believes this novel technique can be used as an alternative surgical method for intracordal cysts.