• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: To quantify carbon exchange at agricultural ecosystems in South Korea, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at three croplands including a rice paddy, a bean field and an apple orchard was measured on the basis of the eddy covariance technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: NEE of CO2 during the growing season (June to September) averaged over the recent two years (2018-2019) was the highest at rice (-4.49 g C m-2 day-1), followed by the bean (-3.12 g C m-2 day-1) and apple (-0.93 g C m-2 day-1). The diurnal variation of NEE was the highest at the rice, while the seasonal variation of it was the highest at the bean than others. In terms of yearly variation, the rice paddy and the bean field absorbed more CO2 in 2019 compared to 2018, while the apple orchard absorbed less. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that these croplands consistently acted as net sinks for CO2 during the growing season because an amount of CO2 uptake from photosynthesis was larger than one of its emissions from respiration. The quantification of net CO2 exchange at agricultural ecosystems may help to better understand the local carbon cycle over various time scales.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.490-492
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• 2020

• Korean Architects
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• no.5 s.55
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• pp.61-76
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• 1973

첫째 부지 선택, 둘째 규모 결정, 셋째 특징, 이러한 순서로 resort hotel을 계획하는 것이 건축가의 가장 중요한 결정의 하나이다. 이상3가지를 어떻게 이용을 하고 또 보존을 하나 하는 것이 건축주들의 토지이용과 더불어 커다란 책임이다. 창조적이고 가장 적절한 부지의 선택이나 이용은 resort hotel건축에 빼놓을 수 없는 성공적이 열쇠가 된다. 이러한 중요한 사항들을 가장 이상적으로 활용을 하여 계획된 resort hotel을 근저 Architectural Record지에서 발췌 소개한다

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

The main source of noise in computed tomography (CT) images is a quantum noise, which results from statistical fluctuations of X-ray quanta reaching the detector. This paper proposes a neural network (NN) based hybrid filter for removing quantum noise. The proposed filter consists of bilateral filters (BFs), a single or multiple neural edge enhancer(s) (NEE), and a neural filter (NF) to combine them. The BFs take into account the difference in value from the neighbors, to preserve edges while smoothing. The NEE is used to clearly enhance the desired edges from noisy images. The NF acts like a fusion operator, and attempts to construct an enhanced output image. Several measurements are used to evaluate the image quality, like the root mean square error (RMSE), the improvement in signal to noise ratio (ISNR), the standard deviation ratio (MSR), and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Also, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is used as a means of determining how well the edge structure is preserved. In terms of all those measurements and means, the proposed filter shows better performance than the guided filter, and the nonlocal means (NLM) filter. In addition, there is no severe restriction to select the number of inputs for the fusion operator differently from the neuro-fuzzy system. Therefore, without concerning too much about the filter selection for fusion, one could apply the proposed hybrid filter to various images with different modalities, once the corresponding noise characteristics are explored.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.58-67
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• 1969

Songgwang lead zinc mine is located in about 12km to the north-east of Jeonju City. Geology of the mine and its visinity is consisted of Jeonju series belonged to so-called Okcheon system, Seodaesan tuff formation, Silla series, and the quartz porphyry intruded into these formations. Jeonju series comprising 3 formations; that is, of Sadaeri, Sindong, and Girinbong. Jeonju series is generally distributed in southern part of the area, striking NNW, and diping NE $30^{\circ}$, or NW $30^{\circ}$. It is deformed to form synclinorium and anticlinorium plunging to the north with low angle. In the northern part of the area, Jeonju series was cut by Sinpeongri-fault of NEE direction near Sinpeongri. In the north side of the fault, it is overturned and shows NEE or NWW strikes and NW $60^{\circ}$ dips. At the west of Songgwangri, it is cut by 3 thrusts; the two are almost parallel each other, and the third oneis manifested by the fact that the lower black shale zone thrusted over the upper limestone. Songgwangri thrust, so named, is a post-mineral fault and its plane represents a premineral slip plane. Enrichment of are took place along the bedding plane or fissure parallel to it, as seen in adit No. 1 or No. 2 along the floor of the thrust, and along the sheared zone or the brecciated zone oblique to the plane near the thrust in crystalline limestone of Sindong formation as observed in the underground levels of inclined slope. Ore minerals are chiefly zincblende, galena, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, acompanied pyrite and chalcopyrite, and contain Au and Ag. In earlier stage of mineralization, the limestone was recrystalized, and sulphide minerals were enriched in the· permiable zone said above by pyrometasomatism, and in later stage the limestone was affected chloritization and sericitization. However hydrothermal replacement was weak, so that enrichment did not took place. It seems that minerallizing materials came up through the premineral slip plane and injected, and replaced the limestone in permiable zone said above with sulphide are minerals. Then Songgwangri thrust took place and, the lower black shale zone thrusted upon crystalline limestone.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2003

Surface energy and $CO_2$ fluxes have been measured over a farmland in Haenam, Korea since July 2002. Eddy covariance technique, which is the only direct flux measurement method, was employed to quantitatively understand the interaction between the farmland ecosystem and the atmospheric boundary layer. Maintenance of eddy covariance system was the main concern during the early stage of measurement to minimize gaps and uncertainties in the dataset. Half-hourly averaged $CO_2$ concentration showed distinct diurnal and seasonal variations, which were closely related to changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of $CO_2$. Daytime maximum $CO_2$ uptake was about -1.0 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in August whereas nighttime $CO_2$ release was up to 0.3 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ during the summer. Both daytime $CO_2$ uptake and nighttime release decreased gradually with season. During the winter season, NEE was from near zero to 0.05 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ . FK site was a moderate sink of atmospheric $CO_2$ until September with daily NEE of 22 g $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$ . In October, it became a weak source of $CO_2$ with an emission rate of 2 g $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$ . Long-term flux measurements will continue at FK site to further investigate inter-annual variability in NEE. to better understand these exchange mechanism and in-depth analysis, process-level field experiments and intensive short-term intercomparisons are also expected to be followed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2000

The CMIP(Common Management Information Protocol) and SNMP(Simple Network Management Network) are the two major network management protocols, Which nee to be integrated. Since the networks need to be managed in a uniform way, the CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) NE View is to develop as a Standard in the ATM Forum For the TMN management structure to integrate these two protocols. In this paper, the function classes are defined to develop the gateway for efficient subnetwork management. The function classes are defined based on the analysis of EMS functions which are mainly network management design of the TMN structure. Also, the object models of the SMI)(Structure of Management Information) in SNMP and the GDMO(Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects) in CMIP are developed way direct translation and abstract translation. The integrated management system design, information model translation of EMS using classdefinition, is efficient is efficient method to interconnect CORBA/SNMP and CORBA/CMIP.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.157-160
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• 2015

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma on the left mandible presented with symptoms similar to acute coronary syndrome just after surgery. The exact etiology was unclear, but following transthoracic echocardiogram, takotsubo cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. This is a rare, acute, and reversible form of heart failure, and the patient recovered completely within weeks. Related risk factors are believed to include extended surgery times and extended time under general anesthesia. Early recognition, followed by postoperative control of pain and anxiety are crucial to patient recovery.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.140-153
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• 2014

Modern education, with special reference to higher education (HE), is far taken out of the traditional meaning of education. A number of business features have infiltrated these institutions of HE where students assume the place of a customer. In the present business scenario customer relationship management (CRM) technology assumes an important role in managing customers. Therefore a relevant question would be to know whether educational institutions need to implement this technology to manage their constituent relationships. This paper makes an attempt to evaluate studies on commercial features of a modern educational system and then present the findings of a study conducted to know the relevance of CRM Technology in HE. An evaluation is also made to know the awareness of the concept of CRM among the educators. The findings show that the educators' awareness of CRM strategies is good, of CRM concepts is poor and of practice is average. Further, an overwhelming majority of the respondents felt that CRM is relevant for educational institutions in the present scenario.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.947-948
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• 2008

Recently, many efforts have been made for research and application of object tracking system. However, introduced object tracking algorithms have limitations to adopt a realtime object tracking system with multi camera. In this paper, we present a novel background generation and target object recognition algorithm for realtime object tracking system with multi camera and implemented it.