• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

Methanol, ether, ethylacetate and water extracts from flesh and peel of yuna (Citrus junos) were investigated to analyze their ability of electron donating, nitrite scavenging and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in model system. The electron donating ability of ynza flesh extract, when it added at 10 mg/ml or over, were more an $50\%$, except ether extract. The high electron donating ability ($99.2{\pm}0.37\%$) was observed in the methanol extract and its effect was similar to BHA and ascorbic acid, when 40 mg/ml of methanol extract was added in reaction solution. Nitrite scavenging ability of all extracts ken yuza was increased in proportion to sample concentration and more than $40\%$ when 1 mg/ml sample was added, under pH 1.2. Also nitrite scavenging ability was higher in peel extracts than flesh extracts of yuza. Inhibition ratio of NDMA formation from flesh methanol extract of yuza was $31.7{\pm}1.25\%$, when 40 mg/ml added under pH 1.2. In all samples, inhibition effects were lower than $20\%$, at pH 4.2 and 6.0.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.794-798
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• 2006

A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Naomi F1) juice was separated into ascorbate and phenolic portions using a Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge, and its each portion was tested for inhibition of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Ascorbate and phenolic portions of tomato juice inhibited NDMA formation by $81.37{\pm}0.25%$ and $72.03{\pm}0.25%$, respectively. The phenolic portion was further fractionated by prep-HPLC and inhibitory effects of NDMA formation by 4 fractions $(1{\sim}4)$ from tomato juice was tested under the different pH conditions (pH 1.2 and 4.2). Fraction 2 inhibited NDMA formation by $50.10{\pm}0.46%$ (pH 1.2) and $64.30{\pm}0.20%$ (pH 4.2), respectively. Fraction 2 was further separated into 4 subfractions $(2a{\sim}2d)$. Subfraction 2b especially inhibited NDMA formation by $70.62{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 1.2) and $75.30{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 4.2). This subfraction was confirmed o-coumaric acid through the analysis of GC-Mass spectrum, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1560-1565
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• 2004

There are about 50 kinds of salted and fermented fish in Korea, and they have been used as a necessity for the preparation of kimchi. There is next to nothing for the studies of finding out the cause of N-nitrosamine formation by using the salted and fermented anchovies. In order to predict the possibility of N-nitrosamine formation and mutagenicity from gastric digestion of Korean Jeotkal, correlation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and mutagenicity of the salted and fermented anchovy under simulated gastric digestion was investigated through mixture system of nitrate, thiocyanate, formaldehyde and ascorbic acid to the anchovy product aged at room temperature (18~20$^{\circ}C$) for 60 days. NDMA formation of fermented anchovy under simulated gastric digestion was accelerated by the increase of nitrate, thiocyanate and formaldehyde concentration and was inhibited by the addition of ascorbic acid as an inhibitor, showing that its inhibition rate was 71.3% at 4 mM as compared with control group. Mutagenicity in anchovy digest added with several level of nitrite, thiocyanate and formaldehyde was increased, while it was markedly decreased in addition of ascorbic acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.684-689
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• 2003

In previous paper, we isolated the bacteria, Bacillus subtilis JM-3, with proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity for candidate microorganisms that have rapid fermenting and physiological functions from anchovy sauce. This study was carried out to search physiological functions of Bacillus subtilis JM-3, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative, antimutagenic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and anticarcinogenic activity in vitro. The cell free culture of Bacillus subtilis JM-3 showed strong antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, antioxidative activity with 87% of inhibition rate against linoleic acid, 50% of antimutagenic activity against N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine, and 88.9% of growth inhibition rate against SNU-1 cell line (stomach cancer cell of human). However, Bacillus subtilis JM-3 did not show angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 1993

The present paper was investigated in the inhibitory action of vegetable and seaweed water-soluble extracts on the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA). The vegetable and seaweed extracts obtained from garlic(Allium sativum), onion(Allium cepa), green onion(Allium fistuiosum), chinese pepper(Fagara mandshurica), green pepper(Capsicum annuum), red pepper(Capsicum annuum), ginger(Zingiber officinale), carrot(Daucus carota), laver(Porphyra tenera), sea lettuce(Entero compresa), sea mustard(Undaria pinnatifida) and sea staghorn(Codium fragile) were incubated with sodium nitrite-dimethylamine mixtures at $37^{\circ}C$ under different pH conditions The formation of NDMA was reduced to $10{\sim}40\%\;and\;25{\sim}50\%$ by the addition of vegetable and seaweed extracts 30mg at pH 1.2, respectively. The inhibition degree by the extracts at pH 1.2 was similiar to that at pH 4.2 and to that by ascorbic acid at pH 1.2. The inhibitory action of the extracts against NDMA formation was not decreased by heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ for 10min, but decreased by the treatment of sodium borohydride. It is assumed that reducing powers of the extracts participated in their inhibitory actions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1221-1229
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• 2019

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative pathogen of tuberculosis (TB), still threatens human health worldwide. To find a novel drug to eradicate this pathogen, we tested taurine-5-bromosalicylaldehyde Schiff base (TBSSB) as an innovative anti-mycobacterial drug using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate model for M. tuberculosis. We investigated the antimicrobial activity of TBSSB against M. smegmatis by plotting growth curves, examined the effect of TBSSB on biofilm formation, observed morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and detected differentially expressed proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. TBSSB inhibited mycobacterial growth and biofilm formation, altered cell ultrastructure and intracellular content, and inhibited cell division. Furthermore, M. smegmatis adapted itself to TBSSB inhibition by regulating the metabolic pathways and enzymatic activities of the identified proteins. NDMA-dependent methanol dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H nitroreductase, and amidohydrolase AmiB1 appear to be pivotal factors to regulate the M. smegmatis survival under TBSSB. Our dataset reinforced the idea that Schiff base-taurine compounds have the potential to be developed as novel anti-mycobacterial drugs.