• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권7B호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2007

IPv6 유무선 로컬 네트워크에서 이웃하는 호스트와 라우터를 발견하기 위한 목적으로 ND (Neighbor Discovery) 프로토콜이 제안되었다. 그러나 ND 프로토콜은 악의 있는 사용자가 프로토콜 메시지를 위조하여 정상적인 호스트나 라우터로 위장하는 것이 가능하기 때문에 네트워크 공격에 취약한 문제를 가지고 있다. ND 프로토콜을 보호하기 위한 목적으로 SEND (Secure Neighbor Discovery) 프로토콜이 제안되었다. SEND 프로토콜은 주소 소유권 증명, 메시지 보호, 재현 공격 방지, 그리고 라우터 인증 메커니즘을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 IPv6 네트워크상에서 핵심적으로 운용될 프로토콜중의 하나인 SEND 프로토콜을 설계 및 구현하다. 또한 본 논문에서 구현한 SEND 프로토콜을 IPv6 네트워크상에서 실험함으로써 SEND 프로토콜의 공격 방어 능력과 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하고 분석한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

IPv6는 Neighbor Discovery(ND) 프로토콜을 사용하여 주변 노드간의 관계를 정의한다. 주변 노드를 파악하기 위해 사용되는 ND 메시지들은 네트워크에 관한 중요한 정보들을 포함한다. 이러한 네트워크 정보가 유출될 경우 네트워크 공격에 노출되어 네트워크를 이용한 서비스가 마비될 수 있다. 현재 ND 프로토콜은 여러 가지 보안 취약점이 발견되었으며 이를 보완하기 위한 보안기능이 요구되었다. 본 논문에서는 ND 프로토콜에 보안기능을 추가한 Secure ND 프로토콜을 CGA 모듈과 SEND 모듈로 구현하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2022

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets. Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm² and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques. Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pretreatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권6A호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2008

이웃 탐색(Neighbor Discovery) 프로토콜은 IPv6 프로토콜 사용 환경에서 동일 링크에 연결된 노드 사이에 이웃 노드에 관한 정보를 교환하는데 사용되는 프로토콜이다. 처음으로 제안되었던 IPsec 프로토콜의 인증 헤더(Authentication Header)를 이용한 이웃 탐색 프로토콜 보호 방법은 키 교환 프로토콜을 사용할 수 없고 수동적 키 분배의 어려움이 있는 문제점이 있었다. 그 후 모든 이웃 탐색 메시지를 디지털 서명(Digital Signature)으로 보호하는 보안 이웃 탐색(SEND) 프로토콜이 제안되었다. 그렇지만 공개키 암호화 시스템을 기반으로 한 디지털 서명 기술은 일반적으로 고비용이 드는 것으로 알려져 있어 가용성 측면에서 상당한 성능 저하가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 보안 이웃 탐색 프로토콜의 가용성을 개선시키기 위해 CGA(Cryptographically Generated Addresses) 주소 생성 과정에서 해시 함수 입력에 MAC(Media Access Control) 주소를 추가하는 Modified CGA 기법과 캐시를 활용하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 실험을 통해 기존 방법과의 성능 차이를 비교하였다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제16권
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• pp.160-196
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• 2002

In this thesis. I have first introduced and studied Chubb & Son. Inc. v. Asiana Airlines. 214 F.3d 301 (2nd Cir. 2000). which held that at the time that the dispute in this case arose. there was no treaty relationship between the United States and South Korea under the Original Warsaw convention. the Hague Protocol. or a treaty consisting of those provisions of the Original Convention that were not amended by the Protocol. And I have analyzed U.S. government s position that was expressed in Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae on petition for a writ certiorari to the 2nd Circuit on Chubb & Son case and 2nd Circuit s Fujitsu Limited v. Federal Express Corporation. 247 F.3d 423 (2001) which was held in a related question afterwards but was somewhat inconsistent with Chubb & Son s holding. Furthermore. I also examined U.S. government s measures which have been considered and taken to cope with consequences of Chubb & Son case's ruling. Lastly. I have examined several effects which Chubb & Son s ruling would give our nation s airlines and suggested our government's countermeasures.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2020

Video is principal information that facilitates commander's immediate command decision. Due to fading characteristics of radio link, however, it is difficult to stably transmit video in a multi-hop wireless environment. In this paper, we propose a MANET structure composed of a link adaptive routing protocol and a TDMA MAC protocol to stably transmit video traffic in a ultra-narrowband video streaming network. The routing protocol can adapt to link state change and select a stable route. The TDMA protocol enables collision-free video transmission to a destination using multi-hop dynamic resource allocation. As a result of simulation, the proposed MANET structure shows better video transmission performance than proposed MANET structure without link quality adaption, AODV with CSMA/CA, and OLSR with CSMA/CA structures.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the clinical results of combination of Nd-YAP (1340nm) laser therapy with conventional endodontic and periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Four patients with chronic advanced periodontitis and endodontic infection were treated with conventional treatment and Nd-YAP laser therapy. Occlusal adjustment and splinting were done for stabilization of the teeth with severe horizontal and vertical mobility. The protocol for periodontal treatment was followed as scaling and root planing, pocket irrigation with 3% $H_2O_2$ and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 320${\mu}m$ optical fiber with 160mJ/pluse, 30Hz. The other protocol for endodontic treatment was followed as access opening, canal preparation by hand and rotary instrument, canal filling, and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 200${\mu}m$ optical fiber with 200mJ/pluse, 10Hz and 180mJ/pluse, 5Hz which were used respectively for disinfection and canal filling. The assessments of probing depth, mobility, and radiography were made prior to and after treatment. Result: All of these four clinical cases showed good healing of periodontium, which presented decrease of mobility and pocket depth, and increase of bone regeneration and bone density on the radiography. Conclusion: The bactericidal effect of Nd-YAP laser would provide benefits for improving clinical results that are obtained from conventional therapy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are to examine seroprevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs of different age groups, and retrospectively determine if nursery depopulation (ND) could influence the seroprevalence of M hyopneumoniae infection in nurseries. Sera of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks old pigs from 7 farms were first selected from a serum bank to examine serologic profiles for M hyopneumoniae infections. Availability of representative sera in the serum bank was a major criterion for farm selection. The sera were tested for M hyopneumoniae antibodies by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Tween-20 extracted antigen. Serum samples were also selected from 15 of 34 swine farms that previously participated in a ND study. In order to evaluate M hyopneumoniae infection following ND, ELISA was performed with sera of 8~10 weeks old nursery pigs collected prior to and after ND for up to 12 months from the 15 farms. Serological profiles showed positive ELISA titers for 2 of 7 farms at 8 weeks, 4 of 7 farms at 12 weeks, 6 of 7 farms at 16 weeks, 6 of 6 farms at 20 weeks of age. Prior to ND, 11 of the 15 farms had positive titers in sera of 8~10 weeks old pigs. Sera of 8~10 weeks old pigs collected from 7 of the 11 farms (63.6%) were ELISA antibody negative for up to 12 months following ND. In conclusion, seroconversion to M hyopneumoniae was detected commonly between 10~16 weeks of age, indicating the occurrence of natural infection during the nursery age. The ND appeared to be an effective method to prevent M hyopneumoniae infection within the nursery pig in some farms.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.351-365
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• 2020

Directional sensor networks (DSNs) can significantly improve the performance of a network by employing energy efficient communication protocols. Neighbor discovery is a vital part of medium access control (MAC) and routing protocol, which influences the establishment of communication between neighboring nodes. Neighbor discovery is a challenging task in DSNs due to the limited coverage provided by directional antennas. Furthermore, in these networks, communication can only take place when the beams of the directional antennas are pointed toward each other. In this article, we propose a novel multiple token-based neighbor discovery (MuND) protocol, in which multiple tokens are transmitted based on an area exploration algorithm. The performance of the protocol is evaluated using the Cooja simulator. The simulation results reveal that the proposed MuND protocol achieves lower neighbor discovery latency, with a 100% neighbor discovery ratio, and has a relatively low communication overhead and low energy consumption.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2014

The Republic of Korea Army is using R-NAD of MIL-STD-188-220 as a Media Access Control protocol. Under urgent situations, almost all stations transmit data frames and then the network will reach a saturation state. Several articles have been devoted to the study of R-NAD performance. However, most of them focus on comparing the performance of some NADs using network simulation tools. We propose an analytical model to compute the throughput of R-NAD under the assumption of a network traffic saturation. Analytical results were verified by Monte Carlo methods. We have shown that the performance of a success probability and an average idle time remains almost unchanged as the total number of stations increases. We have also shown that Type 1/2/4 operation mode outperforms Type 3 operation mode in throughput. The results showed that the system with a squelch detection achieved a better performance than the one without it. The longer DATA time had a higher throughput.