• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2011

Hydrophobic nanodiamond (ND) were dispersed in engine oil (Helix Oil, Shell co.) as an additives to improve tribology properties. In this study, nanodiamond prepared by an explosive method was used. Tribology properties of both pure Helix oil and engine oil containing ND additive were evaluated. The rotating disks were made of Gray Cast Iron (240 Hv) and SKD11 (710 Hv). Surface topographies of the disks' wear tracks and friction coefficient were compared. The results show that nanodiamond-dispersed lubricants are capable of reducing these metals' wear loss. The friction coefficient is strongly affected to the hardness of wear track.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.739-744
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• 1998

볶음장치(로타리킬른)를 사용하여 참깨볶음온도 $225{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 볶음시간 15분으로 볶아서 나온 참깨를 착유하여 얻은 기름을 1차압착유, 1차착유하고 남은 참깨박을 재착유하여 얻은 기름을 2차압착유, 1차압착유와 2차압착유를 혼합해서 여과한 참기름을 1차여과유, 1차여과유의 침전물을 제거하기 위해서 정치시켜서 얻은 정치유, 정치유를 여과해서 얻은 참기름을 2차여과유로 구분하여 이들의 공정에 따른 참기름 향의 변화를 실험하였다. 전체향기성분량은 1차압착유 536.3 ppm, 2차압착유 266.8 ppm, 1차여과유 472.2 ppm, 정치유 472.4 ppm, 2차여과유 443.0 ppm으로 가공공정이 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하였으며, 특히 1차압착하고 남은 참깨박을 재착유할 경우 2차압착유에는 약 50%의 향기성분만이 잔존하여 향성분의 손실이 크게 증가하였다. 특히 관능적으로 중요한 top note감소(초기함량치 70.67% 감소)가 현저함을 알수 있었으며, 그 중에서도 pyrazines의 손실이 초기함량의 66.9%로 가장 현저하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

In order to understand the relationship between the phase angle of piston ring and oil consumption was measured by analyzing $CO_2$concentration in exhaust gas. The use of hydrogen fuel not gasoline makes this possible because all of the carbon component in exhaust gas can be assumed to be produced from oil. As a result of experiment, it is known that the oil consumption varies periodically and a specific location of ring end gap was found at each peak of oil consumption. Therefore, it was found that the oil consumption was not constant even at the same operating conditions and this is because the relative locations of top and 2'nd ring end gap change arbitrarily.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.326-334
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• 1994

친수성-고점도 자성유체를 Nd-영구자석과 병용하여 기름밀봉 장치로의 개발을 목표로 실험 검토하였다. etylene glycol 액상중에 $Fe_{3}O_{4}$를 분산시킨 자성유체는 매질의 비등점이 다른 액상보다 높고 점성이 높아서 기름밀봉 성능을 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 본 장치의 부품중 대부분 을 이루고 있는 철강재를 부식시키지 않았다. 본 자성유체중 $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ 농도가 증가할수록 점도 와 자성율이 증가하여 기름밀봉 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 본 장치는 대기압하에서 기름밀봉 성능이 매우 우수하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.836-847
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• 2016

본 연구는 바이오매스를 열분해하여 생성된 수상오일(water soluble oil)을 얻었다. MDO(Marine Diesel Oil)와 수상오일을 유화시켜 생성된 에멀젼 연료의 특성과 배출가스를 연구 하였다. 바이오매스로는 톱밥을 사용하였고 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열분해하여 생성된 물과 탄화수소를 응축시켜서 수상오일을 얻었다. 수상오일을 MDO에 10~20% 까지 혼합 후 유화시켜 에멀젼 연료를 만들었다. 엔진 배출가스 측정은 엔진 dinamometer로 실시하였다. 유화연료는 연소실내에서 미세폭발을 일으켜 연료를 잘게 쪼개어 주어 smoke를 감소시킨다. 그리고 물이 연소실내의 기화열을 빼앗아 연소실 내부의 온도를 낮추어 NOx 생성을 억제하는 효과를 갖는다. ND-13모드의 각 모드별 배출가스온도가 MDO에 비해 유화연료를 사용했을 때 낮게 나온 것으로 뒷받침 될 수 있었다. 유화연료의 함수율이 증가함에 따라 NOx와 smoke의 배출량은 줄어들었으며, 출력도 함수율 증가에 따라 유화연료 자체의 발열량 감소로 인하여 줄어든 것으로 판단된다. ND-13모드에서 MDO 유화연료를 시험한 결과 바이오매스오일 함유량 20%인 유화연료의 NOx 감소량은 약 25%, smoke의 총감소량은 약 60%, 그리고 약 15%의 출력손실을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

A single inoculation of combined vaccines of Newcastle disease and avian infectious bronchitis of chicken, in a form of gel-oil emulsion type (gel-OEV) was tested their immunogenecity in chickens. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Average minimum and maximum ELISA antibody titers of ND were recorded 2407 and 13144 respectively. In the case of IB, 1824 and 4496 were recorded as minimum and maximum titers. 2. The distribution of average proportional groups, in the lowest and the highest, were 1.6 and 7.0 in ND ELISA and 1.4 and 2.8 in IB ELISA antibody titers. 3. ND ELISA antibody titers were significantly increased upto 7th week after the vaccination. On the other hand, IB ELISA antibody titers were raised upto 4th week after the vaccination.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.33-34
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• 2005

The internal state of an automotive engine is very severe. A piston exposes burnt gas of over $2000^{\circ}$ nd is shocked by high pressure at the time of explosion. Furthermore strong friction is caused by high speed motion. A study on the cooling of the piston requires because the cooling and lubrication of the piston has an effect on the life and efficiency of engine directly. The previous system of oil jet cooled only the bottom of the piston. In order to improve the cooling efficiency, the oil gallery is made inside the piston, and oil flows into the oil gallery. The flow rate of oil at the entrance of oil gallery is important because of the cooling efficiency. The purpose of this study is the investigation of fluid flow characteristics of oil jet and flow rate into the oil gallery.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1981

The effect in degree of saturation and unsaturation of dietary added oils on the serum cholesterol level in the rabbit was studied for a kperiod of 4 weeks using isocalories and isonitrogenous diets. The subject rabbits were divided into 10 feeding groups such as control-1 (Basal diet only), A group (Basal+sesame oil), B group (Basal+perilla oil), C group (Basal+soybean oil), D group (Basal+rice bran oil), Control-A(Basal+casein), A-1 group (Basal+sesame oil+ casein), B-1 group (Basal+perilla oil+casein), C-1 group (Basal+soybean oil+casein) and D-1 group (Basal+rice bran oil+casein). The results are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight gains per week of the perilla oil fed group were higher than anyother groups during the experimental period. 2. Food efficiency ratios for the group of perilla oil fed were 1.041, 0.781, 0.520 and 0.431 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week, respectively. 3. In the group of perilla oil and Casein fed, food efficiency ratios for the experimental period were 0.887, 0.823, 0.489 and 0.437 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week, respectively. 4. It is investigated that the food efficiency ratio for perilla oil fed groups was higher than the group of perilla oil and casein fed. 5. Calorie efficiency ratios for perilla oil fed group were 0.018, 0.036, 0.024 and 0.020 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week, respectively. Calorie efficiency ratios for perilla oil and casein fed group were 0.028, 0.030, 0.024 and 0.020 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week, respectively. 6. Serum cholesterol was 72.8mg% for the group of perilla oil (6gr) and casein(6gr) fed, and liver cholesterol was 460.5mg% for the same group. 7. Serum triglyceride was 130.7mg% for the group of perilla oil (6gr) and casein (6gr) fed. 8. Blood glucose was 40.34mg% for control-l and 96.4mg% for control-A, respectively. Blood glucose was 120.4mg% for group Band 1l0.7mg% for group B-1, respectively. 9. The degree of saturation/unsaturation for perilla oil (SFA/USFA) was 7.8/92.2 and nonessential fatty acid/essential fatty acid(NEFA/EFA) was 26.3/73.7. In this conditions, serum and liver cholesterol was lower than anyother conditions for this experimental period. 10. For the perilla oil fed group, serum cholesterol was 105.5mg% for pleic acid/linoleic acid(18.5/58.5) and 72.8mg% for linoleic acid/linolenic acid(15.2/58.5). In this group, triglyceride was 132.5mg% for oleic acid/linoleic acid and 130.5mg% for linoleic acid/linolenic acid. 11. There are positive correlation between serum cholesterol and saturated fatty acid $({\gamma}=0.78)$, and unessential fatty acid $({\gamma}=0.41)$. There are negative correlation between serum cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid$({\gamma}=-0.78)$ and essential fatty acid$({\gamma}=0.77)$, respectively. 12. The range of most effective diet for serum cholesterol level lowering was nonessential fatty acid/essential fatty acid(26.3/73.7), saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid(7.8/92.2) and added oil (6gr)/added casein protein(6gr).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1988

모체이행항체가 있는 병아리에 생독과 사독 ND 백신을 동시접종 했을때 면역효과를 시험하기 위하여 국내에서 유통되고 있는 $B_1$과 LaSota의 2가지 생독백신과 Gel, Oil의 2가지 사독백신을 구입 1 일령에 각각 단독접종하거나 생독과 사독을 서로 다르게 조합하여 동시에 접종하였다. 생독백신은 백신제조회사에서 추천하는 1수분을 25${\mu}\ell$ 씩 한쪽눈에 적하 하였으며 사독은 0.3$m\ell$씩 경부피하에 접종하였다. HI 가를 주별로 8주까지 조사하였으며 방어율을 측정하기 위하여 4주와 8주에 강독으로 수당 $10^{5.3}$$ELD_{50}$씩 공격 접종하였다. 8개 시험군 중에서 .사독Oil백신과 생독을 동시에 접종한 군이 항체가와 방어율이 가장 높았다. 생독백신이나 Gel백신만 단독접종한 군은 방어율이 50%이하로 낮았으며 항체가도 4~5주 때 $2^2$이하로 하강하였다. 사독 Oil과 동시 접종한 생독백신으로서 $B_1$과 LaSota간에 는 방어율이나 항체가에서 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 2가지 생독이 모두 Oil백신과 동시 접종했을 때 4주에서 방어율이 100%였으며 8주 때는 90-100%이었고 항체가도 $2^4$ 이상 8적까지 지적되었다. 동시접종해도 호흡기증상등의 부작용이나 증체율 저하 등의 현상은 볼 수 없었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy on the stress response in menstrual period. Method: A randomized, single-blind, pretest- posttest design was used. The study subjects were 60 college women with dysmenorrhea and they were randomized into 3 groups, experimental, 1st control(placebo) and 2nd control group. The researchers massaged treatment oil(3% dilution essential oil of Lavender, Clary sage and Rose) into the abdomen of experimental group. The placebo group used almond oil(carrier oil) instead, and the 2nd control group did not give any treatment. Baseline data including pre-treatment stress response score were obtained on the first day of usual period. Aromatherapy provided for about 7 days until the next cycle began. Post-treatment stress responses were measured by 94 item SOS(symptom of stress) scale on the first day of the cycle. Results: As a results, the stress response score of experimental group was significantly lower than two control groups. And there was no significant difference in stress responses of two control groups. Conclusion: The results show aromatherapy using selected essential oils to be an effective intervention for stress response during menstruation.