• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2017

The Purpose of this Study is to Identify the Learning Modules of the National Competency Standard (NCS) Related to the Information Systems Development Curriculum of 4-year Colleges, to Explore the Possibility of Applying NCS to the Curriculum, and to Examine Implications. The Importance of 26 Competency Units in the Applied SW Engineering of NCS was Compared by Area Experts Composed of 14 Information Systems Developers and Professors of 7 Universities who Teach Software Engineering Subjects Through the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP). The Results of the Study as Follows. First, the Relative Importance of the Competency Elements was in order of 'Confirming the Requirements', 'Checking the UI Requirements', 'Designing the Physical Data Repository', 'Testing Developer Integration', and 'Fixing Developer Defects'. Second, while the Entry and Intermediate Level Developer Group Determined that the Competency Elements Related to the IS Development Implementation Stage is more Important, the Advanced IS Developer Groups Consider the Competency Elements Related to the Theory-oriented Design Stage as Important Competency. In Addition, the Group of College Professors was Found to Choose all the Practical and Theoretical Competency Elements that Two Developers Groups Considered Important. Implications of the Study Suggested that the Job Performance Competence and Quality of Education Related to IS Development can be Enhanced.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.263-271
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• 2019

The recent phenomenon of job "Miss Match", which is inconsistent with knowledge in the demand of educational training institutes and industries, has spread to an increase in private education costs for reeducation and employment of new hires, resulting in weak individual job competency and poor employment capability, as well as economic and material waste at the national level. To compensate for these problems, the National Competency Standards(NCS), which are available immediately in practice and look for a standard point of national job competency with the aim of fostering human resources sought by industries, were developed, and even the NCS-based qualification system was launched in line with the stream of times. This study is intended to look into the importance and priority of competency units and competency unit elements at the NCS-based qualification L3 level in the skin care field for an overall check of the NCS-based qualification level at a time when educational institutes are organizing and operating the school curriculums according to the NCS and NCS-based qualification level. And it is attempted to provide basic data for the development of curriculum in fostering professional human resources required by industries. To analyze the needs for competency units and competency unit elements at the L3 level, a survey using AHP method was carried out to a group of field experts and a group of education experts. In addition, the SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) ver. 21.0 and Expert Choice 2000, an AHP-only solution was used to do statistical processing through the processes of data coding and data cleaning. The findings showed that there was a partial difference of opinion between a group of field experts and a group of education experts. This indicates that the inconsistencies between educational training institutes and industrial sites should be resolved at this time of change with the aim of fostering field customized human resources with professional skills. Consequently, the solution is to combine jobs at industrial sites and standardized educations of educational institutes with human resources required at industrial sites.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2001-2011
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• 1993

This study deals with the machining of sculptured surfaces on 5-axis CNC milling machine with end mill cutter. The study (I) has the following contents. In 5-axis CNC milling, CL-data consist of CC-data and cutter axis direction vector at the CC-point. Thus, in machining of the sculptured surface on 5-axis CNC milling machine, determination of the direction vector of the milling cutter is very important. The direction vector is obtained by the fact that bottom plane of the milling cutter must not interfere with the free-form surface being machined. The interference is checked by the z-map method which can be applied in all geometric types of the sculptured surfaces. After generating NC part programs from 5-axis post-processing algorithms, sculptured surfaces were machined with 5-axis CNC milling machine (CINCINNATI MILACRON, 20V-80). From these machining tests, it was shown that the machining of the free-form surfaces on 5-axis CNC milling machine with the end mill has smaller cusp heights and shorter cutting time than on 3-axis CNC milling machine with the ball-end mill. Thus, 5-axis CNC end milling was effective machining method for sculptured surfaces. The study (II) deals with the prediction of cusp height and the determination of tool path interval for the 5-axis machining of sculptured surfaces on the basis of study(I).

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2018

Background: This study aims to utilize Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data to identify macroscopic determinants of health at national level and to utilize it in health policy development through comparison and analysis with Korea. Methods: The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were used as dependent variables and 19 indicators were selected as health determinants to be independent variables based on the results of previous studies. Data analysis was done using SAS ver. 9.4 package (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and model used in technical statistics concerning PYLL by countries, multi-linearity test between independent variables and OECD economic studies were modified and used. Results: From 1994 to 2012, the average PYLL for OECD countries was 4,262.9 years, the highest in Estonia and the lowest in Iceland. As a result of the analysis using the fixed effect model, the significant variables affecting PYLL were four variables: gross domestic product, nitric oxide, tobacco consumption, and number of doctors. The health determinants that had more influence on the PYLL of Korean people compared to other OECD countries were tobacco consumption, calorie consumption, fat intake and total health expenditure. Conclusion: In order to effectively reduce unnecessary deaths, we must continue to strengthen our smoking policy and nutrition policies such as calorie and fat intake. It is necessary to prevent the increase of total health expenditure due to the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and to strengthen the public health aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.99-103
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• 1998

The curved surface machined by plate end mill causes a excess non-cutting volume, in these cases ball end mill is used for the curved surfaces. This study is aimed to obtain the optimum cutting conditions of various cutting speed, table speed, tool diameter, radius of curvature roughness on the conditions of various cutting speed, tool diameter, radius of curvature when machining the curved surface using the ball end mill. After designing curve rates, obtaining NC data by CAD/CAM system through CC-Cartesian method and transferred the data through DNC system, we machined the specimens by the CNC machining center, The surface roughness of specimens was measured by surface roughness tester and CNC 3D coordinate measuring machine. The cutting condition were the same as follow velocity; 15, 20, 25 30m/min, feed rate;40, 60, 80, 100m/min and radius of curvature; 30,40,50,60mm, tool diameters; ø8, ø12, ø16, ø 20mm. Analizing the working results, we can acquire the optimum cutting condition of curved specimen at the cutting velocity of 20~25m/min and the feed rate of 80mm/min. As the same cutting condition the best surface roughness was showed at ø16mm of the tool diameter. But the tool diameter was smaller than ø8mm. we could improve for the surface roughness by controlling the cusp.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.179-190
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• 1999

To automate the polishing process, a polishing robot with two axes which is attached to a machining center with three axes has been developed by our previous research. This automatic polishing robot is able to keep the polishing tool normal to the curved surface of die and is able to maintain a constant pneumatic pressure. Therefore, in the case of a curved surface die, the surface roughness to be polished by the system with five axes is improved superior than the surface by a three-axis machining center. However, because the polishing robot was big and heavy, a polishing workspace was limited and then it was difficult to attach the robot to machining center. In this study, the smaller and lighter polishing robot than the previous has been designed to improve defects due to the magnitude and weight of the robot. And the sliding mode control ins applied to polishing robot to improve the tracking performance. To obtain switching parameters of sliding mode control, the signal compression method is used. Code separation program to separate the date for a three-axis machining center and a two-axis polishing robot from a five-axis NC data is improved for users to check conveniently the separated trajectory and to handle many data by using the graphic user interface. To evaluate the polishing performance of the developed robot, the polishing experiment for shadow mask was carried out. The result shows the automatic polishing robot has a good trajectory tracking performance and obtains a good polished workpiece efficiently under recommended polishing conditions.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of authentic leadership and nursing organizational culture to the intention of hospital nurses to stay in their current position. Methods: The participants of this study were 503 nurses in 8 hospitals. We collected data using questionnaires for assessing authentic leadership, nursing organization culture and intention to stay. For data analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Tukey test, Multiple regression were performed using SAS ver.9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Authentic leadership (${\beta}=.12$, p=.008) and relation-oriented culture (${\beta}=.13$, p=.009) affected the intention of the hospital nurses to stay. These variables accounted for 29% of the variance in the intention to stay among hospital nurses. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows that the authentic leadership and nursing organizational culture especially relation-focused can influence nurses' intention to stay in their current position. For retaining nurses, it is suggested to use an authentic leadership training program for nursing leaders and to make efforts to establish a relation-focused culture in the hospital.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2019

Objective: To determine the effect of gut pH and rumen microbial fermentation on glycerol encapsulated in alginate and alginate-chitosan polymers. Methods: Glycerol was encapsulated at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% (w/w) with sodium alginate (A) and alginate-chitosan (AC) polymers. Surface morphology and chemical modifications of the beads were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Encapsulation efficiency was determined at the 5% glycerol inclusion level in two experiments. In experiment 1, 0.5 g of alginate-glycerol (AG) and alginate-chitosan glycerol (ACG) beads were incubated for 2 h at $39^{\circ}C$ in pH 2 buffer followed by 24 h in pH 8 buffer to simulate gastric and intestinal conditions, respectively. In experiment 2, 0.5 g of AG and ACG beads were incubated in pH 6 buffer at $39^{\circ}C$ for 8 h to simulate rumen conditions. All incubations were replicated four times. Free glycerol content was determined using a spectrophotometer and used to assess loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. An in vitro experiment with mixed cultures of rumen microbes was conducted to determine effect of encapsulation on microbial fermentation. Data were analyzed according to a complete block design using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results: For AG and ACG, loading capacity and efficiency were 64.7%, 74.7%, 70.3%, and 78.1%, respectively. Based on the FTIR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, ACG treatment demonstrated more intense and stronger ionic bonds. At pH 6, 36.1% and 29.7% of glycerol was released from AG and ACG, respectively. At pH 2 minimal glycerol was released but pH 8 resulted in 95.7% and 93.9% of glycerol released from AG and ACG, respectively. In vitro microbial data show reduced (p<0.05) fermentation of encapsulated glycerol after 24 h of incubation. Conclusion: The AC polymer provided greater protection in acidic pH with a gradual release of intact glycerol when exposed to an alkaline pH.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) associated with odontogenic differentiation during tooth development in mice. Mouse dental papilla cell-23 (MDPC-23) cells cultured in differentiation media were stimulated with the specific NAMPT inhibitor, FK866, and Visfatin (NAMPT) for up to 10 days. The cells were evaluated after 0, 4, 7, and 10 days. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The mineralization assay was performed by staining MDPC-23 cells with Alizarin Red S solution. After cultivation, MDPC-23 cells were harvested for quantitative PCR or Western blotting. Analysis of variance was performed using StatView 5.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The expression of NAMPT increased during the differentiation of murine odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Furthermore, the up-regulation of NAMPT promoted odontogenic differentiation and accelerated mineralization through an increase in representative odontoblastic biomarkers, such as dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein-1, and alkaline phosphatase in MDPC-23 cells. However, treatment of the cells with the NAMPT inhibitor, FK866, attenuated odontogenic differentiation, as evidenced by the suppression of odontoblastic biomarkers. These data indicate that NAMPT regulated odontoblastic differentiation through the regulation of odontoblastic biomarkers. The increase in NAMPT expression in odontoblasts was closely related to the formation of the extracellular matrix and dentin via the Runx signaling pathway. Therefore, these data suggest that NAMPT is a critical regulator of odontoblast differentiation during tooth development.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.292-306
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• 2023

Antibiotics are used for the prevention and treatment of infections. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of dental antibiotic prescription in children and adolescents. The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service provided data on patients who visited medical institutions. It was categorized according to year, sex, age, insurance type, dental institution, and region. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and one-way analyses of variance were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (ver. 9.2; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Amoxicillin and cephalosporins, the most commonly used antibiotics, accounted for approximately 96% of the prescriptions. The younger the child, the more antibiotics were prescribed for trauma, pulpitis, and dental abscesses. However, closer to adolescence, the antibiotics were primarily prescribed to manage impacted teeth and periodontal problems. Antibiotics were prescribed for 3.13 days on average. There were significant differences in the prescription rates according to age, sex, type of insurance, type of medical institution, and region (p < 0.05). This study suggested that antibiotic prescriptions should be closely monitored to ensure appropriate usage of antibiotics.