• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2006

The fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens were studied to verify the anticancer and immunostimulating activity. The fractions from the ethanol extract of C. fulvescens were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, methanol, butanol and H$_2$O. The cytotoxic effects of C. fulvescens fractions against human leukemia cell line U937, mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB41A3), human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)and rat glioma cell line (C6) were investigated. Ethyl ether fraction of C. fulvescens showed the highest cytotoxicity against all four cell lines tested. In addition, H$_2$O fraction also showed relatively high cytotoxicity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all four cell lines. The immune-stimulating effects of C. fulvescens fractions on rat macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were also investigated. All five fractions of C. fulvescens extract stimulated NO production with concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that C. fulvescens may be a useful candidate for a natural antitumor and immune-stimulating agent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

For comprehending the duties of fashion designer, Sharon(1989) has suggested to look at the procedure how the goods are being produced. The purpose of this research is to identify the task of domestic fashion designer by comparing and analyzing one's work range and performing level in the fashion merchandising process according to the brand types which one is involved in. The preliminary research for the questionnaire was conducted with 5 chief designers of woman's apparel manufactures in Seoul. They were asked to judge if designer's tasks fit to their carry-out operations in the pre-fixed questionnaire which had been done based on preliminary researches and literatures related with fashion merchandising process. The contents of research questionnaire are 11 questions to understand the general characteristics of companies and the participated subjects, and 42 questions to understand the designers' operations. For the selection of NB, among 503 domestic female apparel brands that were in 'Korean Textile Fashion yearbook (2002-2003), the companies that were located in Seoul and possible for cooperation by researcher's personal relationship were selected. For DB, cooperation was requested for brands that were located in Seoul among the 137 brands that participates on Domestic Collection. For GB, 50 stores were selected at random or by personal relationship among 32 GB shops such as Freya Town, Doosan Tower, New Zone, and so on. Total 300 questionnaire distributed to the designers, 192 copies were used for final data analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA, Sceffe test were used using SPSS V. 11 1. The participated fashion designers operated 41 categories of suggested 42 categories in the fashion merchandising process. 2. The ranges and contents of tasks in the fashion merchandising process that fashion designers mainly carry-out are very different according to the brand types and showed much different level of task carry-out. Only in the categories of 'fashion trend information' and 'design ideation', all three brand type showed the highest level of task performance. And the design related tasks presented common higher level of performance than the other tasks in all brand types. In order to comprehend the operation of fashion designer, various approaching methods are required according to various apparel manufactures' characteristics.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2008

The NE-trending Honam shear zone is a broad, dextral strike-slip fault zone between the southern margin of the Okcheon Belt and the Precambrian Yeongnam Massif in South Korea and is parallel to the trend of Sinian deformation that is conspicuous in Far East Asia. In this paper, we report geochemical and isotopic(Sr and Nd) data of mylonitic quartz-muscovite Precambrian gneisses and surrounding foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids near the Myeongho area in the Yecheon Shear Zone, a representative segment of the Honam Shear Zone. Foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids commonly plot in the granodiorite field($SiO_2=61.9-67.1\;wt%$ and $Na_2O+K_2O=5.21-6.99\;wt%$) on $SiO_2$ vs. $Na_2O+K_2O$ discrimination diagram, whereas quartz-muscovite Precambrian orthogneisses plot in the granite field. The foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids are mostly calcic and calc-alkalic and are dominantly magnesian in a modified alkali-lime index(MALI) and Fe# [$=FeO_{total}(FeO_{total}+MgO)$] versus $SiO_2$ diagrams, which correspond with geochemical characteristics of Cordilleran Mesozoic batholiths. The foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids have molar ratios of $Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O+K_2O)$ ranging from 0.89 to 1.10 and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, indicating I type. In contrast, Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses have peraluminous compositions, with molar ratios of $Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O+K_2O)$ ranging from 1.11 to 1.22. On trace element spider diagrams normalized to the primitive mantle, the large ion lithophile element(LILE) enrichments(Rb, Ba, Th and U) and negative Ta-Nb-P-Ti anomalies of foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids and mylonitized quartz-muscovite gneisses in the Yecheon Shear Zone are features common to subduction-related granitoids and are also found in granitoids from a crustal source derived from the arc crust of active continental margin. ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(T)$ and initial Sr-ratio ratios of foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids with suggest the involvement of upper crust-derived melts in granitoid petrogenesis. Foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids in the study area, together with the Yeongju Batholith, show not changing contents of specific elements(Ti, P, Zr, V and Y) from shear zone to the area near the shear zone. These results suggest that no volume changes and geochemical alterations in fluid-rich foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids may occur during deformation, which mass transfer by fluid flow into the shear zone is equal to the mass transfer out of the shear zone.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

Many isolates from soil of Korean ginseng rhizosphere did not show remarkable growth on full strength of the conventional nutrient broth (NB medium) but grew on its 100-fold dilution (DNB medium). Six hundred-forty strains were isolated as oligotrophic bacteria. In the course of screening for new bioactive compounds from oligotrophic bacteria from soil, 8 strains which had appeared to form of clear zone on a medium containing colloidal chitin as a sole carbon source were selected for further studies. Strain CR42 hydrolyzed a fluorogenic analogue of chitin, 4-methylumbelliferyl-D-glucosaminide (MUF-NAG) . Mo st of the culture supernatant of these isolates hydrolyzed 4-methylumbelliferyl-D-N,N'-diacetylchitobioside (MUF-diNAG). The isolates were heterogeneous and categorized to gamma- and beta-proteobacteria, Bacillaceae, Actinobactepia, and Bacteroides by 16S rRNA analysis. Two strains, WR164 and CR18, had a 16S rRNA sequence of $95-96\%$ identical to uncultured bacteria. It was observed that CR2 and CR75 could inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with hyphal extention-inhibition assay on PDA plate supplemented with $1\%$ colloidal chitin.