• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1993

AI킬드한 극저탄소강에 Ti, Nb등의탄화물 또는 질화물 형성원소를 첨가하면 우수한 디프드로잉특성과 내시효성을 나타내는 강판을 얻을 수 있다고 알려져 있으므로 본 연구에서는 Ti및 Nb를 단독 또는 동시에 첨가하거나 B를 추가로 첨가한 고강도 극저탄소 강판을 제조하여 각각의재결정 집합조직과 기계적 성질을 측정비교하여 보았다. 역극점도에 나타난 집합조직강도의 변화를 조사한 결과 어닐링처리에 의하여 (100)면 강도와 (111)면 강도의 변화가 가장 많이 나타난 것은 Nb첨가강이며, Nb와 Ti를 단독으로 첨가한 강과 Ti를 단독으로 첨가한 강은 변화정도가 비슷하였다.극점도를 비교하면,Nb와 Ti를 동시에 첨가한강, Nb를 단독으로 첨가한 강 그리고 Ti를 단독으로 첨가한강 모두 냉간 압연한 상태에서는{112}<110>집합조직이 발달하였으며 어닐링처리한 후에는 {111}<112>집합조직이 잘 발달하였다. 그러나 세 종류의 강간에 집합조직의 차이는 별로 없었다. 결정립도와 관계가 깊은 경도에서는 결정립도가 가장 작은 Nb 및 Ti동시첨가강에서 경도가 가장 높고, Nb단독첨가강, Ti단독첨가강의 순서로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 1993

Lithium niobate(LiNbO3) 단결정은 유전성, 압전성, 초전성, 비선형 광학 및 선형 전기광학 물질로서 다양한 응용 성을 가지고 있으므로 전기와 광학장치로 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 그러나 LiNbo3 단결정이 레이저를 이용한 광학장치로 응용될 때 레이저광의 세기에 따라 상굴절(ne)과 이상굴절(no)이 불규칙하게 변하는 장손상이 발생하여 비선 형 광학소자로의 이용에 한계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 1980년 Zhong등이 LiNbO3에 MgO를 4.5mol% 첨가한 MgO:LiNbO3단결정을 성장시켜 물성을 조사한 결과 광손 상이 현저하게 감소된다고 발표한 후 이 분야의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 순수한 LiNbO3 단결정의 최적 성장조건인 congrugnt한 LiNbOs(Li/Nb=0.486)에 MgO를 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 mol% 첨가시킨 MgO:LiNb03 단결정을 Czochalski법으로 성공적으로 성장시켰다. 결정성장은 성장온도 1250℃ 근방에서 회전속도 15rpm 인상속도 2.85 ∼3.25 mm/hr로 하였으며 냉각율은 30℃/hr이다. 성장시킨 단결정의 X-ray 회절실험과 편광현미경의 conoscope상 관찰로 양질의 MgO:LiNbO3 단결정이 성장되었음을 확인하였다. c축에 수직되게 절단한 c-pltae 시료 중 MgO가 첨가된 MgO:LiNb03 시료에서 나이테 형태의 둥근 원무늬가 나타나고 있다. 이 현상은 결정성장시 공기 중의 산소분압에 의해 MgO:LiNbO3 의 용융상태에서 MgO가 균일하게 분포되지 못하기 때문에 나타난 것으로 해석 된다. MgO 첨가량에 따른 MgO:LiNbo3 단결정의 결정 결함 구조를 조사하기 위하여 밀도측정을 하였다. MgO:LiNbO3 단결정의 밀도는 MgO론 2.5mol% 첨가한 시료에서 감소 하다가 5.0mol% 첨가한 시료에서 다시 증가하였으며 5.0mol%이상에서는 다시 감소하였다. 이 실험결과로 MgO 첨가량에 따른 결정 결함구조를 점 결함 모형 (point defect medel)으로 해석하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.513-517
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• 2013

본 연구는 광 촉매로써 널리 사용되어 온 perovskite 결정인 $SrTiO_3$ 골격에 형광능력이 우수한 Nb을 일부 삽입한 $Nb_xSrTi_{1-x}O_3$를 합성하였고, Nb와 Ti의 몰 비율에 따른 물 분해로부터 수소제조 성능을 비교하고자 하였다. 제조한 $SrTiO_3$ 및 $Nb_xSrTi_{1-x}O_3$ 분말에 대한 물성평가는 X-선 회절분석법(XRD), 에너지 분산형 X-선 분광계(EDS), 자외선/가시선 분광계(UV/Vis-spectrometer)를 통해 분석하였다. 메탄올:물(1:1) 광분해 수소제조 실험 결과, $SrTiO_3$ 광 촉매보다 Nb이 0.05 mol% 첨가된 $Nb_{0.05}SrTi_{0.95}O_3$ 광 촉매에서 촉매활성이 가장 뛰어났으며, 특히 염기성 용액에서 더 많은 양의 수소가 발생하였으며 8시간 반응 후 수소의 발생 누적 량은 4.9 mL였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2004

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) comprising amorphous CoNbZr layers have been investigated. $Co_{85.5}Nb_8Zr_{6.5}$(in at. %) layers were employed to substitute the traditionally used Ta layers with an emphasis given on under-standing underlayer effect. The typical junction structure was $SiO_2/CoNbZr$ or Ta 2/CoFe 8/IrMn 7.5/CoFe 3/Al 1.6 + oxidation/CoFe 3/CoNbZr or Ta 2 (nm). For both as-deposited state and after annealing, the CoNbZr-underlayered structure showed superior surface smoothness up to the tunnel barrier than Ta-underlayerd one (rms roughness of 0.16 vs. 0.34 nm). CoNbZr-based MTJs was proven beneficial for increasing thermal stability and increasing $V_h$ (the bias voltage where MR ratio becomes half) characteristics than Ta-based MTJs. This is because the CoNbZr-based junctions offer smoother interface structure than the Ta-based one.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.853-856
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• 2006

Dion-Jacobson phases $CsCa_2Nb_2FeO_9$ and $CsCa_2Nb_2AlO_9$ were reinvestigated by the Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These nominal compounds, previously known as the oxygen-deficient layered perovskites with the sequences of $NbO_6-MO_4-NbO_6$ in tripled slab, in fact, were mixed phases of n = 3 Dion-Jacobson phases and impurities such as $Ca_2NbFeO_6$ and $Ca_3Al_2O_6$. The difference of morphology and chemical in-homogeneity between Dion-Jacobson phases and impurities could be clearly identified by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The chemical composition of $CsCa_2Nb_2FeO_9$ was calculated into $Cs_{0.59}Ca_{2.64}Nb_{2.92}Fe_{0.81}$ in small agglomerate crystals and $Cs_{0.95}Ca_{1.97}Nb_{3.08}Fe_{0.15}$ in long plate-like crystals.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

Niobium is one of the most important and rarest metals, and is used in the electronic and energy industries. However, it's extremely high melting point and oxygen affinity limits the manufacture of Nb coating materials. Here, a Nb coating material is manufactured using a kinetic spray process followed by hot isotactic pressing to improve its properties. OM (optical microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and Vickers hardness and EPMA (electron probe micro analyzer) tests are employed to investigate the macroscopic properties of the manufactured Nb materials. The powder used to manufacture the material has angular-shaped particles with an average particle size of $23.8{\mu}m$. The porosity and hardness of the manufactured Nb material are 0.18% and 221 Hv, respectively. Additional HIP is applied to the manufactured Nb material for 4 h under an Ar atmosphere after which the porosity decreases to 0.08% and the hardness increases to 253 Hv. Phase analysis after the HIP shows the presence of only pure Nb. The study also discusses the possibility of using the manufactured Nb material as a sputtering target.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2006

Ferroelectric materials have been widely investigated for high density dynamic random access memories, opto-electrics, and tunable microwave devices due to their properties. In this study, we have investigated the dielectric properties of Ti doped $K(Ta,\;Nb)O_3$ thin films. By doping Ti Into the $K(Ta,Nb)O_3$ system, Ti with a valence value of +4 will substitute Ta or Nb ions with a valence value of +5. This substitution will introduce an acceptor state. Therefore, this introduced acceptor state will reduce dielectric loss by trapping electrons. Using 3% Ti-doped $K(Ta,Nb)O_3\;targets,\;K(Ta,Nb)O_3$:Ti films were grown in MgO(001) crystals using pulsed laser deposition. First, growth conditions were optimized. A reduction in the loss tangent was observed for Ti-doped $K(Ta,Nb)O_3$ relative to undoped films, although a reduction in tunability is also seen. The crystallinity, morphology, and tunability of $K(Ta,Nb)O_3$:Ti films are reported.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

The effect of Nb on interfacial bonding characteristics of Ni-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown (PFM) has been studied in order to investigate oxide layer. A specimens of Ni-Cr alloy, which is 0.8mm in thickness, within the porcelain furnace of 1,000$^{\circ}C$ with four tests such as air, vacuum, air for 5 minutes and vacuum for 5 minutes in order to examine an oxide behavior of alloy surface generated by the adding of Nb to be controlled at a rate of 0, 1, 3 and 5. Oxide film was observed form of the fired specimens with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and at the same time it measured Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). The result of this study were as follows: 1. Cr oxide film and Nb oxide film were observed from the surface of specimen to be controlled at a rate of Nb 1%. 2. Nb oxide film was observed from the interface of specimens to be controlled at a rate of Nb 1% and 3%. 3. The stability of oxide films that treated in air were more stable than treated under vacuum.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

The use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is increasing due to their superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to conventional stainless steels and cobalt-based alloys. Ti-6Al-4V ($\alpha+\beta$type) alloy instead of pure titanium ($\alpha$type) is being widely used as biomaterials has some characteristics such as high fatigue strength, tensile strength and corrosion resistance. It also has similar characteristics to Ti in inducing bony ingrowth. But it has been reported recently that the vanadium element expresses cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity and the aluminium element is related with dementia of Alzheimer type and neurotoxicity. In order to overcome their detrimental effects, $\beta$-phase stabilizer Nb was chosen in the present study. CP-Ti(ASTM grade 2), Ti-3wt.%Nb($\alpha$type), Ti-20wt.%Nb ($\alpha+\beta$type) and Ti-40 wt.%Nb($\beta$type) alloys were melted by vacuum arc furnace. Biocompatibility of Ti-Nb alloys was evaluated by cytotoxicity test. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. For the cytotoxicity test, Ti-Nb alloys showed excellent biocompatibility compared to CP-Ti(ASTM grade 2), 316L STS and Co-Cr alloys.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2003

Ti-3wt.%Nb(${\alpha}$type), Ti-20wt.%Nb(${\alpha}+{\beta}$,type) and Ti-40wt.%Nb(${\beta}$type) alloys were melted by vacuum are remelting. The specimens were homogenized at 1050$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr and were then hot rolled to 50% reduction. Each alloys were solution heat treated at ${\beta}$ zone and ${\alpha}+{\beta}$, zone after homogenization, and then aged. The microstructural and hardness changes in Ti-Nb alloys with Nb contents were investigated by SEM, XRD and hardness tester. The microstructural change from equiaxied to acicular and the increase of ${\beta}$ phase in Ti-Nb alloys were obtained when the Nb content increased. The higher hardness value of ${\alpha}+{\beta}$type alloy was obtained compared to the other alloys.