• Korean Journal of Neurotrauma
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2017

Cranioplasty is an in evitable operation conducted after decompressive craniectomy (DC). The primary goals of cranioplasty after DC are to protect the brain, achieve a natural appearance and prevent sinking skin flap syndrome (or syndrome of the trephined). Furthermore, restoring patients' functional outcome and supplementing external defects helps patients improve their self-esteem. Although early cranioplasty is preferred in recent year, optimal timing for cranioplasty remains a controversial topic. Autologous bone flaps are the most ideal substitute for cranioplasty. Complications associated with cranioplasty are also variable, however, post-surgical infection is most common. Many new materials and techniques for cranioplasty are introduced. Cost-benefit analysis of these new materials and techniques can result in different outcomes from different healthcare systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8007-8018
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• 2014

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide and development of new therapeutic strategies and anticancer agents is an urgent priority. Plants have remained an important source in the search for novel cytotoxic compounds and several polyphenolic flavonoids possess antitumor properties. In this review article, data about potential anticarcinogenic activity of common natural flavonoids on various human cervical cancer cell lines are compiled and analyzed showing perspectives for the use of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of cervical carcinoma as well as in the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. Such anticancer effects of flavonoids seem to differentially depend on the cellular type and origin of cervical carcinoma creating possibilities for specific targeting in the future. Besides the cytotoxic activity per se, several flavonoids can also contribute to the increase in efficacy of conventional therapies rendering tumor cells more sensitive to standard chemotherapeutics and irradiation. Although the current knowledge is still rather scarce and further studies are certainly needed, it is clear that natural flavonoids may have a great potential to benefit cervical cancer patients.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.371-375
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• 2007

Due to the benefit of QRA(Quantitative Risk Analysis) method, we can evaluate the risk, and it helps us to make our safe. We also depend to some of correlation equations to assess the jet fire at high pressurized transmission line. However, we can evaluate the risk within limitations. After comparing the current model to investigation report of natural gas transmission line accident at EL-Paso in U.S., this study concludes that more research and study are required because currently developed model cannot expect factors of the fire risk such as flame configuration.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2001

In this study, by using the natural language processing of the field of artificial intelligence, automated index was performed. And then, the Natural Language Processing Interface for knowledge representation(NALPI) has been developed. Furthermore, the DEsign KnOwledge DataBase(DEKODB) has been also developed, which is designed to interlock the knowledge base. The DEKODB processes both the documented design-data, like a concrete standard specification, and the design knowledge from an expert. The DEKODB is also simulates the design space of structures accordance with the production rule, and thus it is determined that DEKODB can be used as a engine to retrieve new knowledge and to implement knowledge base that is necessary to the development of automatic design system. The application field of the system, which has been developed in this study, can be expanded by supplement of the design knowledge at DEKODB and developing dictionaries for foreign languages. Furthermore, the perfect automation at the data accumulation and development of the automatic rule generator should benefit the unified design automation.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2018

In Ethiopia, climate change and deforestation are major issues hindering sustainable development. Local Ethiopian communities commonly perceive an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Meteorological data shows that rainfall has declined in southern Ethiopia, and spring droughts have occurred more frequently during the last 10-15 years. The frequently occurring droughts have seriously affected the agriculture-dominated Ethiopian economy. Forests can play an important role in coping with climate change. However, deforestation is alarmingly high in Ethiopia, and this is attributed mainly to agricultural expansion and fuel wood extraction. Deforestation has led to a decrease in various benefits from forest ecosystem services, and increased ecological and environmental problems including loss of biodiversity. To resolve the issues effectively, it is crucial to enhance climate change resilience through reforestation and various international collaborations are urgently needed. To continue collaboration activities for resolving these issues, it is first necessary to address fundamental questions on the nature of collaboration: does collaboration aim for a support-benefit or a mutual benefit situation; dividing the workload or sharing the workload; an advanced technology or an appropriate technology; and short-term and intensive or long-term and extensive?. Potential collaboration activities were identified by sectors: in the governmental sector, advancing governmental structure and policy, enhancing international collaborations and negotiations, and capacity building for forest restoration and management; in the research and education sector, identifying and filling gaps in forestry and climate change education, capacity building for reforestation and climate change resilience research, and developing bioenergy and feed stocks; and in the business and industry sector, supporting conservation based forestry businesses and industries, while promoting collaboration with the research and education sectors. It is envisaged that international collaboration for enhancing climate change resilience through reforestation will provide a strong platform for resolving climate change and deforestation issues, and achieving sustainable development in Ethiopia.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

For natural gas and LPG fuel, measurements on the concentrations of individual exhaust hydrocarbon species have been made as a function of air-fuel ratio in a 2-liter four-cylinder engine using a gas chromatography. NMHC in addition to the species of HC, other emissions such as CO$_2$, CO and NOx were examined for natural gas and LPG at 1800rpm far two compression ratios (8.6 and 10.6). Fuel conversion efficiencies were also investigated together with emissions to study the effect of engine parameters on the combustion performances in gas engines especially under the lean bum conditions. It was found that CO$_2$ emission decreased with smaller C value of fuel, leaner mixture strength and the higher compression ratio. HC emissions from LPG engine consisted primarily of propane (larger 60%), ethylene and propylene, while main emissions from natural gas were mothane (larger than 60%), ethane, ethylene and propane on the average. The natural gas was proved to give the less ozone formation than LPG fuel. This was accomplished by reducing the emissions of propylene, which has relatively high MIR factor, and propane that originally has large portion of LPG. In addition, natural gas shows a benefit in other emissions (i.e. NMHC,NOx, CO$_2$and CO), SR and BSR values except fuel conversion efficiency.

• IE interfaces
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

This paper proposed the calculation method of the avoided cost for natural gas and district heating DSM programs. And the proposed method is applied to real DSM programs. The avoided cost for natural gas consists of commodity avoided cost, supply equipment avoided cost, storage equipment avoided cost, and electric power avoided cost. In case of the district heating, avoided cost consists of heat generation equipment avoided cost, heat energy avoided cost, environment avoided cost, and electric power avoided cost. This method can be used to evaluate the benefit of DSM programs quantitatively in cost. Therefore, this method can contribute to make the cost-effectiveness evaluation system and to operate the DSM programs for natural gas and district heating effectively.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.375-388
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• 2020

Ocean acidification and warming, identified as environmental concerns likely to be affected by climate change, are crucial determinants of algal growth. The ichthyotoxic raphidophytes Chattonella species are responsible for huge economic losses and environmental impact worldwide. In this study, we investigated the impact of CO2 on the thermal performance curves (TPCs) of Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata grown under temperatures ranging from 13 to 34℃ under ambient pCO2 (350 μatm) and elevated pCO2 (950 μatm). TPCs were comparable between the species or even between pCO2 levels. With the exception of the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) for C. ovata, CTmin for C. marina and the thermal optimum (Topt) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) for both species did not change with elevation of pCO2 levels. While CO2 enrichment increased the maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) up to 125% at the Totp of 30℃, specific growth rates were not significantly different under elevated pCO2 for the two species. Overall, C. ovata is likely to benefit from climate change, potentially widening its range of thermal tolerance limit in highly acidic waters and contributing to prolonged phenology of future phytoplankton assemblages in coastal waters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.286-292
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• 1993

The classical way to improve the control performance is studied on the aspects of gun/turret deive systens. Two ways are discussed comparadively ; electrical case and electro-hydraulic case. System parameters are analytically studied in terms of resonance frequencies, and damping and gear train ratio effects are checked in relation to resonance frequency increase. Benefit of the feedback is discussed to increase the damping of the natural frequency lending to bandwidth increase.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.380-382
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• 2022

Extracting informative representation of molecules using graph neural networks(GNNs) is crucial in AI-driven drug discovery. Recently, the graph research community has been trying to replicate the success of self supervised in natural language processing, with several successes claimed. However, we find the benefit brought by self-supervised learning on applying varitional auto-encoders can be potentially effective on molecular data.