• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

Mitochondrial DNAs has been used frequently as genetic markers for the population genetic studies of salmonid fishes. Samples used in this experiment were chum salmons (Oncorhynchus keta) from Korea. We analyzed variation of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene (ND3) among 4 individuals of the Korea population. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver of the chum salmon samples. Then, the ND3 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including the 3' region of cytochrome oxidase III gene (COIII) and the 5` region of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L gene (ND4L). The size of the PCR product was 752 Up and the sequences showed some genetic variation among those four individuals. Genetic variations were observed in 7 sites as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Within the open reading frame of the ND3 gene which encodes 116 amino acids, 5 nucleotide substitutions were found. Both transitional and transversional changes occurred more frequently with transitional changes. Comparison of these sequences with the others of a Japanese chum salmon in GenBank showed 5 sites of SNPs. This study provided the basic information of SNP in ND3 gene among Korean chum salmons and demonstrated the possible use of the SNP data as a genetic marker.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1993

In the present study, the effects of allopurinol on paraquat toxicity were investigated in paraquat-treated rats. The surivals of paraquat-treated rats were increased by allopurinol treatment. The contents of glutathione in liver and kidney were significantly decreased by paraquat, but restored by allopurinol. The activity of xanthine oxidase was significantly reduced but NADH dehydrogenase was not changed by allopurinol teatment. The activities of catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in liver were significantly decreased by paraquat but catalase was restored by allopurinol treatment.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.268-273
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• 1996

An extremely cadmium tolerant yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 used to determine the modification of the intracellular enzyme activities by cadmium ion. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and cytidine deaminase were decreased up to 90%, 40%, and 86% compa- red with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively, but the activities of malate dehydrogenase, 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased up to 440%, 136%, 260% and 155% compared with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively. These results show that the activities of the enzymes participating in Embden-Mayerhof pathway (e.g. anaerobic metabolism) were reduced by cadmium, but those involved in hexose monophosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g. aerobic metabolism) were stimulated in contrast. It has been suggested that the diminished activity of cytidine deaminase in pyrimidine nucleotide dissimilation occured due to the inhibited nucleotide dissimilation by cadmium ion; the enhanced activity of cytochrome c oxidase was specifically required in order to oxidize a raised amount of NADH and NADPH due to the increased aerobic metabolism.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2008

We analyzed the nucleotide sequences of about 500 bp of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) gene to estimate the genetic variation of Korean masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) populations. DNA samples were collected from 104 river-only specimens and 52 anadromous specimens from three hatcheries and one river. There are no records of artificial release into the river. We amplified the ND3 gene by polymerase chain reaction, targeting areas that included parts of the cytochrome oxidase III gene and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L gene, and defined 14 haplotypes based on 12 variable nucleotide sites in the examined region. Among the haplotypes, ten were specific to river-only specimens within hatchery populations. Haplotype diversity of river-only populations in hatcheries was higher than that of anadromous and wild populations. Pairwise population $F_{ST}$ estimates and neighbor-joining tree analyses inferred that anadromous and river-only populations were distinct. These results suggest that sequence polymorphism in the ND3 region may be a useful marker for analyzing the genetic variation and population structure of masu salmon.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1998

장미(Rosa sp. cv Paul's Scarlet) 현탁 배양체의 배지에서는 정상적인 성장 조건하에서 cationic peroxidase (POD)만 관찰되었으나, 효모 세포벽으로부터 추출한 숙주 특이성이 낮은 elicitor를 10 mg glucan/L의 농도로 투여하여 24시간 정도 배양하였을 때 기존의 POD와 뚜렷하게 구분되는 anionic POD가 유도됨을 관찰하였다. Elicitor에 의해 유도되는 prominent한 anionic POD (pI 6.1)와 대조구로서 pI 8.4의 cationic isozyme을 분리한 후 효소학적 성질을 비교하였다. Ammonium sulfate농축, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chroma tography를 통하여 약 200배로 농축된 두 효소를 분리하였으며, 이 두 효소의 몇몇 기질에 대한 kinetic parameter들은 매우 의미있는 차이를 보여 주었다. 그 중에서 ferulic acid에 대한 Km은 anionic POD의 경우 4.6 mM, cationic POD는 1.38 mM로 측정되었으며, $\textrm{H}_2\textrm{O}_2$에 대한 Km은 각각 anionic POD가 0.72 mM, cationic isozyme이 0.45 mM로 나타났다. 특히 NADH 산화 반응의 활성은 anionic POD가 cationic POD에 비하여 약 2배 높은 것으로 측정되었다. 0.1 mM coniferyl alcohol의 첨가에 의한 NADH 산화 반응의 억제는 anionic POD fraction에서 약 60% 정도 일어난 반면에 cationic POD fraction에서는 약 15% 정도 일어났다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1987

미토콘드리아는 가시광선의 조사에 의해 그 고유한 생화학적 기능에 저해를 받게 되며 그것은 주로 파장 영역 $350{\sim}500nm$의 청색광이 유발하는 광역학적 작용(photodynamic action)의 결과라는 가정을 입증하는 자료를 수집하였다. 미토콘드리아막에 결합되어 있는 전자전달계효소들 중에서 NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, 및 cytochrome c oxidase의 광저해(photoinhibition)를 조사하였던 바, 모든 효소들이 청색광에 의해 상대적으로 심한 활성상실을 보였다. NADH dehydrogenase의 FMN과 cytochrome c oxidase의 heme group은 산소가 관여하는 photosensitizer(photodynamic sensitizer)임에 반해, succinate dehydrogenase의 FAD는 sensitizer로서의 기능을 보이지 않는 대신 Fe-S center가 산소와 무관한 photosensitizer일 것이라고 해석되었다. heme group에 들어 있는 Fe도 역시 산소와 무관한 광화학반응에 어느 정도 기여하리라고 추정되는 결과도 얻었다. 미토콘드리아 전체로 볼 때 생리적 활성저해에 가장 크게 기여하는 가시광은 산소존재 조건하의 청색광이였고, 그 저해기작에는 active oxygens가 관여되어 있다는 것을 $O_2$의 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 한편 active oxygens의 생성은 미토콘드리아막의 과산화를 초래하였으며, 역시 청색광/$O_2$조건에서 그 정도가 가장 심하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2024

캐비어에 대한 수요가 증가하면서 캐비어 종류의 진위여부를 확인 할 수 있는 분석법 마련이 필요해졌다. 본 연구에서는 캐비어 종류을 나누는 철갑상어 종 특이 KASP 마커를 개발하였고 모니터링을 통해 국내 유통중인 불법 캐비어 제품을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 16S ribosomal RNA gene, cytochrome b gene, cytochrome coxidase subunit I gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene에서 철갑상어종 특이적인 SNP를 선정하고 이를 표적하는 KASP 마커 11종을 개발하였다. 개발한 KASP 마커를 이용하여 한국의 온라인 마켓에서 유통중인 캐비어 10종을 모니터링 분석한 결과 2개의 제품에서 제품에 표기된 철갑상어 종과 다른 것으로 확인하였으며 두 제품 모두 실제보다 더 비싼 캐비어로 둔갑하여 판매한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 제작한 KASP 분석방법으로 유통되는 캐비어 종류 분류가 가능하였고 모니터링을 통해 국내 유통되고 있는 불법 캐비어 제품도 확인하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서 개발한 SNP기반 KASP 분석법으로 불법 캐비어 제품 유통 근절에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1987

To investigate the effects of lead on the electron transport system and ultrastructure of mouse kidney mitochondria, various lead acetate concentrations were treated in vitro and respiration rate, enzyme activities were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. To compare with in vivo experiments, mouse were injected intraperitoneally of 100 mg lead acetate per kg body weight and state IV respiration rate and enzyme activities were measured. Ultrastructure of renal proximal tubular cells were also observed. In in vitro treatement, decreased state IV respiration, decreased enzyme activities, ruptured membranes and inhibition of condensed to orthodox transformation were observed. In in vivo treatment, decreased state IV respiration and decreased enzyme activities were observed after 24 hrs of i.p. injection. Cytochrome c oxidase activity showed twice the inhibition compared to NADH-CoQ reductase activity at 24 hrs. Continuous decreased state IV respiration was observed after 48 and 72 hrs of injection, however, the enzyme activities were increased to control level. Lead-protein complex which probably inhibits the toxic effects of lead appeared. To conclude, dominant effect of lead on the electron transport system appeared at cytochrome c oxidase activity, and the increased enzyme activities may be a result of appearance of lead-protein complex.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1988

The rates of photorespiration and total CO2 fixation depending on leaf ages of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. Metabolic rates of glycolate and glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes were also measured. The rate of photorespiration and total CO2 fixation ability increased with the maturing of leaf, but decreased with senescence. Activities of enzymes involved in the peroxisomal photorespiratory pathway such as catalase, glycolate oxidase, NADH-glyoxylate reductase and glutamate-glyoxylate transaminase were highest in the mature leaf, but also decreased with aging of leaf. Glutamate-glyxolate transaminase activity significantly decreased with senescence, especially. the metabolic rate of glycolate was observed to be lower than that of glyoxylate in isolated peroxisomes. Glycolate seemed to be metabolized mainly to glycine, however, it also oxidized to CO2 when glycolate was supplied as a substrate for glycine synthesis instead of glyoxylate. The conversion rates of glycolate and glyxylate into CO2 increased with the senescence of leaves.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2008

Manganese is a naturally occurring element which is widespread in the environment. Also, manganese is an essential trace element and plays a key role in important biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes. However, exposure to high levels of manganese can cause toxicity in neurone and inhalation system, also damage in various tissues. We investigated the toxicity induced by manganese compound ($MnCl_2$) in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Treatment of manganese to cultured cardiomyocyte led to cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, and cytosolic caspase-3 activation. The ROS increase was related with the decreased level of glutathione. Expressions of ROS related genes such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase, and NADH quinone oxidase were significantly induced in manganese treated cells. These results suggest that manganese induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may be the one of risk factors to cause heart dysfunction in vivo.