• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.548-554
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the feeds mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of serum lipkid and lipoprotein, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening promrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-DAwley for 4 weeks. In the fatty acid compositions of serum lipid and serum lipoprotein fractions, as the content so f mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, n -3 PUFa (polyunsaturated fatty acid) contents and ratio of EPA/AA (eicisapentaenoiidacid/arachidonic acid) tended to decrease, but n-6 PUFA contents and ratio of AA/PUFA tended to increase. Fatty acid compositions of serum lipid and serum lipoprotein fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.314-325
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• 1991

식이지방의 수준에 따라 n6 와 n3 불포화지방산이 혈장 지질조성에 미치는 영향과 또 그 기전이 다른지를 연구하고자 Sprague Dawley 종 수컷쥐에게 저지방(LF, 10% Cal)식이와 고지방식이(HF, 40% Cal)를 각각 6주동안 투여하였으며, 사용된 기름은 포화지방산 급원으로는 쇠기름, n6 linoleic acid(LA) 급원으로 corn oil, n3 ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(LL) 급원으로 perilla oil, n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)와 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) 급원으로 fish oil이었다. Ultracentrifugation 방법으로 VLDL fraction을 분리하여 thin layer chromatography에 의해서 화학적조성을 구하였다. Plasma cholestere 수준은 LF 와 HF 모두 n6 LA에 의해서는 오히려 증가되었고 n3 LL과 n3 EPA에 의해서는 감소되었으며, HF 에서 n3 EPA가 가장 cholesterol 저하효과가 있었다. HDL-Chol 농도는 n6 LA에 의해서 증가되었으나, HF 경우 n3 EPA에 의해서 유의성있게 감소되었다. Plasma TG 농도는 n3 EPA에 의해서 가장 감소되었고 간의 lipogenic enzyme 활성을 억제하였으며 VLDL fraction의 TG상대적양(%)이 유의성 있게 낮아졌다. 이때 LF 군에서는VLDL fraction의 apo-B의 상대적양(%)이 감소되지 않았으나 HF군에서 n3 EPA에 의해서 유의성 있게 낮았다. 그러므로 n3 EPA의 hvpotriglyceridemic effect는 간에서 lipogenesis를 억제하여 plasma VLDL로 TG 분비가 억제되었을 것이며, HF일 경우는 간에서 apo-B 생성도 억제되었다. 관상동맥성심장질환의 예방적 차원에서 평상시에도 쇠기름과 corn oil 보다는 n3 PUFA가 풍부한 들기름이나 생선을 더욱 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 1995

The metabolites of marine mollusk Mytilus edulis were isolated and characterized, revealing the presence of the rare free fatty acids and proteinogenic amino acids together with a non-proteinogenic free amino acid, taurine. The free fatty acids in this organism were particularly interesting for the presence of both unusual n-6 acid [20:4 (n-6)] and triple bond containing acid (2,5-octadecadiynoic acid). In addition to the proteinogenic amino acids commonly found in proteins, non-proteinogenic free amino acid taurine was isolated and the structure was determined by its physicochemical properties. Recently taurine has been given much interest in the molecular level because of diverse biological activities and the medicinal properties. Furthermore, the result of the analyses of analyses of free amino acids showed that glycine, glutamic acid, serine and alanine, which were considered to be related to the taste of this organism, are predominantly present.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2008

사건현장에 잔류하는 잠재지문의 효과적인 탐색 및 감식을 위한 자료를 얻고자 비다공성 증거물에 잔류된 잠재지문의 지방산 조성분석을 실시하고 7개월간의 지문유류에 따른 조성 변화에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 지문시료는 한국인 29-50 세 남성 8인과 여성(36 세) 1명으로부터 제공받았다. 모든 지문에서는 lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9)와 docosadienoic acid (C22:2)의 11종의 지방산이 검출됨을 확인하였고, palmitic acid (35.45-48.37%), oleic acid (14.84-28.49%), stearic acid (9.71-24.96%)와 linoleic acid (7.68-18.85%)가 확인된 지방산조성의 75%이상을 차지하여 주요 구성성분임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 7개월간 온도 $20-25^{\circ}C$, 습도 40-50%의암실환경에서의장기간유류에따라총지방산의함량이 12-25% 감소하였으며, 이는 elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9), docosadienoic acid (C22:2)의 장쇄지방산들의 소실과 단쇄지방산인 myristic acid (C14:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)의 생성에 따른 결과임을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 인공 사육 모델 시스템과 인공 쥐용 분유를 이용하여 출생 직후 12시간 이내에 엄마 쥐들로부터 신생 쥐를 분리하여 n-3 지방산 결핍분유와 n-3 지방산 적절분유로 3주 동안 사육한 후(이유기) 각각 장기들을 취하고 또한 성숙 쥐(15 wks)의 뇌, 망막, 간을 취하여 뇌 성장 발달 과정 동안 n-3지방산 결핍이 이들 장기들의 지방산조성 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 이유기와 성숙기 쥐의 뇌 지방산 조성은 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군과 비교했을 때, n-3지방산 결핍군의 경우 n-6지방산의 함량은 높았으나 (p<0.05), 총 monounsaturated 지방산과 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 낮았고(p<0.05), 총 saturated 지방산의 경우는 변화가 없었다. 기대했듯이 뇌 DHA의 경우 n-3 지방산 결핍군은 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 이유기 때 $50\%$, 성숙기에는 $70\%$까지 감소하였고 반면 n-6 계열인 DPAn-6의 함량은 상당히 증가하였음을 살펴볼 수가 있었다. 이유기의 망막의 총 saturated 지방산과 총 monounsaturated 지방산에는 식이군 사이에 변화가 없었고 22:4n-6, DPAn-6와 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 22:5n-3, DHA와 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 상당히 감소하였음을 관찰할 수가 있었다(p<0.05). 성숙 쥐 망막의 지방산조성의 경우 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6와 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 n-3 지방산 결핍군에서 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 22:5n-3, DHA와 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 상당히 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 n-3 결핍군의 망막 DHA는 이유기 때 $57\%$ 감소에서 성숙기에 $63\%$까지 감소하였다. (p<0.05). 간의 경우, 이유기의 n-3 지방산 결핍군의 DHA는 $65\%$ 감소한 반면 간의 DPAn-6는 $59\%$ 증가하였다. 흥미로운 것은 이유기의 간 지방산 조성과는 대조적으로 성숙기의 n-3 지방산 결핍군의 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6와 22:4n-6 지방산 함량이 현저히 감소된 것과는 달리 DPAn-6의 함량이 n-3 지방산 적절군보다 $143\%$까지 증가되었음 관찰할 수 가 있었다(p<0.05). 이상의 장기들의 n-3지방산 결핍군은 이유기와 성숙기에서 DPAn-6/DHA비와 n-6/n-3비 또한 n-3 지방산 적절군과 대조군에 비해 컸으나(p<0.05) DPAn-6와 DHA의 합에는 변화가 없었다. 따라서 뇌 성숙 발달 과정동안 n-3 지방산 결핍은 뇌의 DHA의 결핍을 초래하고 이러한 비정상적인 조건에서 DPAn-6의 증가를 유발하였으며 이러한 지방산 조성의 변화와 공간과 후각에 기초를 하는 기억 학습 능력 저하의 관련성에 대해서는 앞으로 연구가 진행되어져야 할 것으로 사료되어진다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.689-693
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Cytochrome P450 (CYP2A6) gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with meat fatty acid composition traits in pigs. Porcine CYP2A6 polymorphisms were detected and PCR-RFLP was performed for genotyping of Korean native pig (n=14), Landrace (n=3), Duroc (n=3), Berkshire (n=3), Yorkshire (n=8) and F2 population composed of 202 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native pig and Yorkshire. PCR primer set amplified a 612 bp fragment of CYP2A6 and digestion of the PCR products was performed with the restriction enzymes SchI. The CYP2A6 SchI polymorphism was only found in the KNP breed. The genotype frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes were 0.36, 0.56 and 0.08 in the KNP respectively and the other pig breeds were fixed with CC genotype (Duroc, Landrace, Berkshire and Yorkshire). Statistical association between genotypes and fatty acid composition traits were tested in the Korean native pig and Yorkshire crossed F2 pigs. The CYP2A6 SchI polymorphism was associated with only fatty acid composition C20:3n3 level (cis11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid, p=0.0252). The 'T' allele was associated with lower C20:3n3 level. Further study is required to validate the genotypic association and biological consequence of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism in pigs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2006

계란 품질, 난황 콜레스테롤 함량 및 지방산 조성의 변화에 관한 산란계 사료 내 서로 다른지방의 첨가효과를 조사하였다. 36주령의 Hyline brown 산란계 총 200수(4처리구${\times}$50수/반복)를 공시하여 우지, 옥수수유, 아마인유 및 어유를 각각 5.0% 함유하는 실험사료를 10주간 급여하였다. Haugh unit, 파란 강도, 난각 두께 및 난황색에 대한 처리구 간 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 첨가지방은 계란 콜레스테롤 함량과 고도 불포화지방산 조성을 현저하게 변화시켰다. 난황의 n-6지방산 함량은 옥수수유 첨가구가 31.61%로써 가장 높았고 우지, 아마인유 및 어유 첨가구순으로 낮았으며, n-3 지방산 함량은 아마인유와 어유 첨가구가 각각 9.74%, 5.16%로써 유의적 증가 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 난황지방 산 조성의 n-3지방산 증가는 계란 콜레스테롤 함량 감소를 초래하였다. 난황 콜레스테롤(mg/g yolk) 및 계란 콜레스테롤(mg/60g egg) 범위는 각각 $15.98{\sim}18.37mg$ 및 $227{\sim}261mg$으로써 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 어유, 아마인유 및 옥수수유 첨가구 순으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 난황 콜레스테롤의 감소율은 우지 첨가구와 비교하였을 때 어유 13.01%, 아마인유 11.49% 및 옥수수유 6.91%로써 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 산란계 사료 내 첨가되는 지방급원을 조절해 줌으로써 계란 콜레스테롤을 낮출 수 있으며 n-6와 n-3 지방산을 난황으로 축적하는 것이 가능함을 시사해준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1004-1014
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• 1995

Effect of age and dietary fatty acid composition on immune responses were investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rets. The animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat (W/W, 20% of calorie) with P/S ratio of 0.5, 1 and 2, and in each group, there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio; 2, 4 and 8(3$\times$3). The experimental periods were 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were; 1) Weights of thymus and spleen were significantly reduced with increasing age, moreover thymus weights were reduced with increasing the degree of unsaturation in dietarty fatty acid at 12 month. 2) The proportion of splenic lymphocyte in the total T-cell was increased with increased with age. The proportion of helper T-cell was not changed, while the proportion of suppressor T-cell was decreased. Thus at 12 month, the ratio of helpe $r^pressor T-cell was appeared to increase significantly, and showed the tendency to increase by consuming the low amount of dieraty n-3 fatty acid. 3) Proliferation stimulated by Con A or PWM reduced significantly at 12 month in which are high in dietary P/S ratio, representing the similar pattern with decrease in thymus weight. 4) Natural killer cell activities were shown significantly higher at 1 month than those at 6 month or 12 month.th.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition in middle-aged men and the influence of cardiovscular risk factors on them. Data for dietary intake, anthropometry , blood pressure, and general environmental factors were obtained and their relationship to serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition were analyzed in 303 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 43.8$\pm$6.4 years from June 1 to 22 , 1995. The prevalence of obesity was 26.7% by BMI and 11.2% by WHR criteria . The percentage of hypertensive subjects were 13.5% and 22.4% by systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Retinol, calcium , and roboflavin intakes were lower than the RDA for Koreans. The ratio of carbohydrate intake to total calories of the subjects was 70%. Ratios of P/M and n-6/n-3 were 1.02/1.05/1.00 and 11.1/1, respectively. The percentage of subjects who had serum TG, TC, LDL-C leves beyond the normal range were 19.5% , 13.5% and 8.6% respectively. Palmitic comprised 26.4% of serum total fatty acids, linoleic acid 19.4% and oleic acid 16.4. The waist circumference and ration of carbohydrate intake were related positively to TG level. Serum cholesterol level had positive relations with waist circumference, DBP, sugar intake, and income. There were positive relationships between SFA and bone fishes and vegetable oil intakes, MUFA and DBP while a negative a negative relationship was observed between PUFA and animal fat intake. Serum n-6 fatty acid was related negatively to carbohydrate intake and hot taste preference. N-3 fatty acid was related positively to fish intake and negatively to egg intake. These results suggest that to maintain adequate serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition, sugar, animal fat, and carbohydrate intakes have to be reduced, while consumption of vegetable oil and fish must be increased. It is also essential to control abdominal fat accumulation and blood pressure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1248-1255
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid composition in Nellore cows supplemented with either linseed (n-3) or canola grains (n-6 and n-9). Fifteen Nellore cows, aged five years and bodyweight 550 kg${\pm}$48 kg, were randomly distributed to the following treatments: CON (control), LIN (linseed) and CAN (canola grains). The cows were fed for 80 days. The concentrations of C18:0, C18:2 n-6 and C20:3 n-6 fatty acid were higher (p<0.10) in CON blood plasma in comparison to follicular liquid. Likewise, PUFA, n-6 contents, PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. On the other hand, C18:1 n-9, C22:5 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C18:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C22:5 n-3, PUFA, n-6, n-3 contents and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma than in the follicular liquid. Nevertheless, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 n-7, PUFA, C16:0, C18:1 n-9 and MUFA contents were lower (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma. On treatment CAN, the C18:0 and SFA contents, and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. However, C20:3 n-6, C22:5 n-3, PUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C16:0, C18:0, PUFA, SFA contents and PUFA:SFA ratio did not differ (p>0.10) among the treatments. C14:0, C16:1 n-7, C18:2 n-6 and n-6 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CON and CAN than LIN. C17:1 n-7, C20:4 n-6 and C 22:0 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CAN than CON and LIN. C18:1 n-9, C18:3 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were higher (p<0.10) for LIN and CAN than CON. C20:3 n-6 content and n-6:n-3 ratio were higher (p<0.10) for CON than LIN and CAN. C22:5 n-3 content were higher (p<0.10) for CON and LIN than CAN. The concentrations of fatty acids in blood plasma and follicular liquid were not correlated for any fatty acid, independent of the treatment studied. Canola grain added to the diet of Nellore cows resulted in increased concentrations of fatty acids n-6 and n-3 in follicular liquid.