• Title/Summary/Keyword: N translocation

Search Result 161, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Nitrogen Translocation and Dry Matter Accumulation of Direct Seeded Rice in No Tillage Rice-Vetch Cropping

  • Cho, Young-Son;Lee, Byung-Jin;Choe, Zhin-Ryong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.44 no.1
    • /
    • pp.44-48
    • /
    • 1999
  • Uptake, assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter assimilation and translocation in ten rice cultivars were observed in no-till direct-sown rice-vetch cropping system. There was a large degree of variation in N-uptake, grain yield, nitrogen translocation efficiency and dry matter assimilation and translocation in tested rice cultivars. Forty kg N/ha base, as compound fertilizer (21-17-21% of N-P-K) three weeks after sowing and 30 kg N/ha top-dressed at panicle initiation stage as in the form of (NH$_4$)$_2$$CO_2$ was applied. ‘Newbounet’, ‘Daesanbyeo’, and ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ showed higher translocation efficiency. The contribution of pre-heading dry matter assimilates to grain ranged from 33% to 99% of dry grain weight. Dry matter of ‘Calrose 76’ was lower than Newbounet but N content was higher in Calrose 76 than Newbonnet. By maturity, N content in vegetative parts declined considerably more than dry matter, vegetative and reproductive parts, N translocation efficiency, and N harvest index. Nitrogen translocation efficiency was greater in ‘Nonganbyeo’, Daesanbyeo, and Newbounet. Grain N concentration was positively correlated with N concentration or N content of the vegetative parts at heading in Nonganbyeo, ‘Dasanbyeo’, ‘Dongjinbyeo’, and Newbonnet. These results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and N accumulated before heading stage, the higher translocation rates of dry matter to grain and the greater net losses at maturity.

  • PDF

COMBINED LATTICE-BOLTZMANN AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF BIOPOLYMER TRANSLOCATION THROUGH AN ARTIFICIAL NANO-PORE (나노 세공을 지나는 생체고분자 운동에 대한 격자-볼츠만과 분자동역학에 의한 수치해석)

  • Alapati, Suresh;Kang, Sang-Mo;Suh, Yong-Kweon
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2009.11a
    • /
    • pp.97-102
    • /
    • 2009
  • Translocation of biopolymers such as DNA and RNA through a nano-pore is an important process in biotechnology applications. The translocation process of a biopolymer through an artificial nano-pore in the presence of a fluid solvent is simulated. The polymer motion is simulated by Langevin molecular dynamics (MD) techniques while the solvent dynamics are taken into account by lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM). The hydrodynamic interactions are considered explicitly by coupling the polymer and solvent through the frictional and the random forces. From simulation results we found that the hydrodynamic interactions between polymer and solvent speed-up the translocation process. The translocation time ${\tao}_T$ scales with the chain length N as ${{\tau}_T}^{\propto}N^{\alpha}$. The value of scaling exponents($\alpha$) obtained from our simulations are $1.29{\pm}0.03$ and $1.41{\pm}0.03$, with and without hydrodynamic interactions, respectively. Our simulation results are in good agreement with the experimentally observed value of $\alpha$, which is equal to $1.27{\pm}0.03$, particularly when hydrodynamic interaction effects are taken into account.

  • PDF

A possible mechanism responsible for translocation and secretion an alkaliphilic bacillus sp. S-1 pullulanase

  • Shim, Jae-Kyoung;Kim, Kyoung-Sook;Kim, Cheorl-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology
    • /
    • v.35 no.3
    • /
    • pp.213-221
    • /
    • 1997
  • The secretion of the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. S-1 extracellular pullulanase involves translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of the Gram-positive bacterial cell envelope. Translocation of the intracellular pullulanase PUL-I, was traced to elucidate the mechanism and pathway of protein secretion from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. S-1. Pullulanase could be slowly bue quantitatively released into the medium during growth of the cells in medium contianing proteinase K. The released pullulanase lacked the N-terminal domain. The N-terminus is the sole membrane anchor in the pullulanase protein and was not affected by proteases, confirming that it is not exposed on the cell surface. Processing of a 180,000M$\_$r/ pullulanase to a 140,000M$\_$r/ polypeptide has been demonstrated in cell extracts using antibodies raised against 140,000M$\_$r/ extracellular form. Processing of the 180,000 M$\_$r/ protein occured during the preparation of extracts in an alkaline pH condition. A modified rapid extraction procedure suggested that the processing event also occured in vivo. Processing apparently increased the activity of pullulanase. The western blotting analysis with mouse anti-serum against 140-kDa extracellular pullulanase PUL-E showed that PUL-I is processed into PUL-X via intermediate form of PUL-E. Possible explanationa for the translocation are discussed.

  • PDF

THE USE OF MIFEPRISTONE (RU486) IN THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOTIC MAJOR DEPRESSION

  • Her, Song
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
    • /
    • 2007.04a
    • /
    • pp.25-44
    • /
    • 2007
  • The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an intracellular protein that is widely distributed throughout hippocampal and neocortical brain tissue. Mifepristone (RU486) is a potent GR antagonist that has also been shown to exhibit partial agonist-like effects. The precise location of the GR domain involved in the agonist-like activity of RU486 is unknown. Here, we examine this aspect of GR signaling by comparing human GR (hGR) construct with a Guyanese squirrel monkey GR (gsmGR) construct in which nuclear translocation and transactivation are known to be impaired. Using an objective translocation scoring method, we found that both hGR and gsmGR are translocated by RU486, and that nuclear translocation of hGR is significantly increased compared to gsmGR at 10 nM, 100 nM and 1000 nM RU486 in transiently transfected COS1 cells. While addition of RU486 to the cells transfected with hGR results in a 16-fold dose-dependent increase in transactivation compared to non-treated cells, no significant change in transactivation is observed with gsmGR at doses up to 100 nM RU486. Further experiments using six GR chimeras indicate that replacement of the hGR carboxyl-terminus of tau-1 transactivation domain (C-AF1, amino acids 132-428) with that from gsmGR diminishes hGR transactivation by RU486. These results demonstrate that RU486-induced transactivation of GR is determined in part by amino acids in the C-AF1 domain.

  • PDF

A Case of Supernumerary Derivative (22) Syndrome Resulting from a Paternal Balanced Translocation (부계의 균형전좌에 의해 발생한 과잉 염색체 22 증후군 1례)

  • Jun, Youn-Soo;So, Cheol-Hwan;Yu, Seung-Taek;Park, Do-Sim;Cho, Eun-Hae;Oh, Yeon-Kyun
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.127-131
    • /
    • 2010
  • Supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome is a rare genomic syndrome. It is characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly, failure to thrive, preauricular tag or sinus, ear abnormalities, cleft and/or high-arched palate, micrognathia, kidney abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and genital abnormalities in males. In 99% of the cases, one of the parents is a balanced carrier of a translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 22. To date, there have been about 100 case reports of supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome. In most of the cases, supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome was the result of 3:1 meiotic segregation in the maternal 11;22 translocation carrier. We now report a case of 47,XX, + der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) resulting from 3:1 meiotic segregation of the paternal translocation carrier.

The bio-complex "reaction pattern in vertebrate cells" reduces cytokine-induced cellular adhesion molecule mRNA expression in human endothelial cells by attenuation of NF-kappaB translocation

  • Ronnau, Cindy;Liebermann, Herbert E. H.;Helbig, Franz;Staudt, Alexander;Felix, Stephan B.;Ewert, Ralf;Landsberger, Martin
    • BMB Reports
    • /
    • v.42 no.2
    • /
    • pp.106-112
    • /
    • 2009
  • The bio-complex "reaction pattern in vertebrate cells"(RiV) is mainly represented by characteristic exosome-like particles - probably as reaction products of cells to specific stress. The transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a central role in inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that RiV particle preparations (RiV-PP) reduce cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) by the attenuation of NF-kappaB translocation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). After 4 hours, pre-incubation of HUVEC with RiV-PP before stimulation with TNF-alpha significantly reduced ICAM-1 (65.5${\pm}$10.3%) and VCAM-1 (71.1${\pm}$12.3%) mRNA expression compared to TNF-alpha-treated cells (100%, n=7). ICAM-1 surface expression was significantly albeit marginally reduced in RiV/TNF-alpha- treated cells (92.0${\pm}$5.6%, n=4). No significant effect was observed on VCAM-1 surface expression. In RiV/TNF-alpha-treated cells (n=4), NF-kappaB subunits p50 (85.7${\pm}$4.1%) and p65 (85.0${\pm}$1.8%) nuclear translocation was significantly reduced. RiV-PP may exert an anti-inflammatory effect in HUVEC by reducing CAM mRNA expression via attenuation of p50 and p65 translocation.

On Accessory Chromosomes in Secale cereate. III Relationship between the frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye and soil properties (호밀의 부속염색체에 관한 연구 (제3보)호밀의 부속염색체의 빈도와 토양성분과의 상관관계)

  • 이웅직
    • Journal of Plant Biology
    • /
    • v.9 no.3_4
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 1966
  • The study was carried out to analyse the relationship between the frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye and soil property, such as pH, water content, P, N, K, Mg, and Ca. It was apparant that frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye was found to be higher in acidic soil than they are in basic soil. Chromosomal aberraton including translocation hetrozygote and broken centromere were found in the meiosis in PMC. It seems to be that more translocation heterozygote occurs in the plots of Paldang and Sinjangri where pH of soil shows high pH value.

  • PDF

Translocation of Protein Kinase C Isozymes in the Breast Cancer Cell Line (유방 암세포에서 Protein Kinase C 동위효소의 전위)

  • Won Chul Choi;Joo Young Son;Seok Jin Seo
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.8 no.6
    • /
    • pp.638-647
    • /
    • 1998
  • Protein Kinase C (PKC) activators, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), bryostatin, and dioctanoyl glycerol (DiC8), induce translocation of PKC isozymes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane or into nucleus. The activated PKC negatively modulates growth of human breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative effect and translocation of PKC were investigated in MCF-7 cells. The translocation of activated PKC isozymes by PMA, bryostatin and DiC8 was occurred at the various different regions in MCF-7 cell. PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ could be translocated to the nucleus or the nuclear mem-brane, and PKC $\delta$and $\varepsilon$ to cell membrane by PMA while DiC8 and bryostatin induced the translocation of PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to the nucleus or plasma membrane, respectively. In the antiproliferative effect of PKC activators, PMA ($IC_{50}$/ values of 1.2$\pm$0.3nM) and DiC8 ($IC_{50}$/ values of 5.0$\pm$1.1$\mu$M) inhibited the cell growth. Bryostatin also inhibited the cell growth but to a much less degree than one obser-ved with PMA : 16% growth reduction by 100nM bryostatin. However, PMA treated with bryostatin induced gro-wth inhibition, but PMA with DiC8 at 10$\mu$M was not effective. These results suggest that each PKC isozyme is tran-slocated to various specific sites, and that especially, PKC $\alpha$ isozyme plays an important role in control of antiprolife-raive function of cell growth.

  • PDF

Mineral nutrition of field-grown rice plant. -III. Uptake, efficiency and percent translocation of N.P.K. and Si at various yield classes (포장재배수도(圃場栽培水稻)의 무기영양(無機營養) -III 수량등급별(收量等級別) 양분(養分)(N. P. K Si) 흡수량(吸收量), 양분효율(養分効率) 및 전이율(轉移率))

  • Park, Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.119-125
    • /
    • 1974
  • Uptake amount, percent translocation to grain and grain yield efficiency of N. P. K. Si were investigated with N. P. K simple trials (countrywide, 1967~69) and other nitrogen fertiltzer field trials in relation to yield class. 1) Uptake rate with yield increase were similar in all nutrients but silica showed greater yearly variation. 2) In N. P. K simple trials showing very low nitrogen efficiency(46kg grain/ nitrogen uptake kg) it and percent translocation increased with yield increase. 3) Nitrogen efficiency deacreased with the increase of nitrogen uptake and the decreasing rate depends greatly on fertilizer forms and variety. Nitrogen efficiency was greater in sandy loam where yield was higher than in clay loam. 4) Nitrogen efficiency positively correlated with percent translocation. 5) In high yielding fields yield was attributed only to the increase of nitrogen uptake, keeping efficiency around 50. 6) Major factor for high yield is considered as the increase of nitrogen efficiency rather than nitrogen uptake. 7) Phosphorus efficiency in N. P. K. simple trials was considerably low, suggesting too much uptake due to soil reduction.

  • PDF

Effect of Mineral Nutrients and Mixed Herbicides on the Absorption and Translocation of Bensulfuron-methyl in Rice (벼에 있어서 bensulfuron-methyl의 흡수(吸收) 이행(移行)에 미치는 무기영양분(無機營養分)과 혼합제초제(混合除草劑)의 영향(影響))

  • Chun, Jae-Chul;Han, Kang-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.60-65
    • /
    • 1994
  • Absorption and translocation of bensulfuron-methyl {methyl 2[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate} in rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by mineral nutrients and mixed herbicides were determined using the $^{14}C-labeled$ herbicide in culture solution. Absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ by the root decreased with increasing concentration of bensulfuron-methyl. However, increase in the application concentration did not affect movement of the $^{14}C$ to the shoot. There was no difference in total amount of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ taken up between absorption periods of 12 and 48 hours, whereas $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ translocated to the shoot increased with increasing the absorption period. When bensulfuron-methyl mixtures were applied, butachlor [N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)acetamide] did not affect absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. However, quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) mixed at a high concentration resulted in decrease in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. Nutritional disorder such as deficient or excess supply of mineral nutrients caused to inhibit absorption of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$. The greatest decrease and delay of $^{14}C-bensulfuron-methyl$ absorption and/or translocation occurred in N-deficient and S-excess supply conditions.

  • PDF