• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.846-850
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• 2006

The biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to increase influent C/N ratio by ammonia stripping without required carbon source and for improving treatment efficiencies of sewerage by the combination process of ammonia stripping and BNR (StripBNR). The results of this study were summarized as follows. BOD removal efficiencies of BNR and StripBNR were 95.3% and 93.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of BNR were 53.3% and 40.8%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of StripBNR were 72.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at BNR effluent were 0.03 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L and 9.12 mg/L, respectively. On the other hands, concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at StripBNR effluent were 5.79 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, influent C/N ratio of BNR process was increased by ammonia stripping. Removal efficiency of T-N and T-P was improved about 20% by the process of StripBNR.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2003

The biological denitrification batch tests were conducted to optimize the operating conditions with various temperature and initial SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N ratio. and the denitrification rates were analyzed various SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $o_3$-N ratio of influent with swine wastes fermented and temperature. The finishing time of denitrification was within 15 hours, 12 hours, and 6 hours as the temperature of denitrification applied were 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, and 31$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, respectively. From the batch tests, denitrification rate was operated with over 3 of SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N ratio. Denitrification rate was increased as the temperature of denitrification, increased such as 2.40-3.90 mg N $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, 6.10-7.60 mgN $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, and 14.40-15.88 mgN $O_3$-N/gMLVSSㆍhr, respectively. The denitrification rate was increased as the ratio of initial SCO $D_{Cr}$ N $O_3$-N increased. However, it was found that the suitable ratio of SCO $D_{Cr}$ /N $O_3$-N for denitrification should be considered because the ratio of mg SCO $D_{Cr}$ , consumed per mg N $O_3$-N removed varied depend on the influent SCO $D_{Cr}$ /TKN ratios.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.654-659
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 액상당밀을 외부탄소원으로 이용하는 탈질미생물 Pseudomonas sp. KY1의 탈질능력을 확인하고 최적의 C/N 비율을 도출하였다. 회분식 실험 결과, C/N 비율 3/1에서 $0.0263hr^{-1}$의 유사1차반응상수가 도출되었고, 이 비율에서 100 mg-N/L의 초기 질산성질소는 실험시작 후 약 100시간 이내에 약 80%의 제거율을 보였다. C/N 비율 3/1의 컬럼 실험에서 초기 질산성질소 농도 100 mg-N/L의 오염수(유속 0.3 mL/min)는 실험시작 후 172시간(35 PV) 이후부터 실험 종료 시(62 PV)까지 최대 95%의 탈질효율을 보였고, 이 비율에서 2차 오염원으로 작용할 수 있는 잔류당밀의 농도를 최소화(125~180 mg-COD/L) 할 수 있었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1998

In this research, Effect of C/N ratio on nutrient removal in intermittently aerated activated sludge system(IAASS) was investigated with dormitary, building and swine wastewater. Three types (2-stage, 4-stage, modified) of IAASS were operated. Time interval of aeration/nonaeration in IAASS was 1hr/1hr. In treatment of Dormitary wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 4.4), Building wastewater (BOD/T-N ratio : 3.14) and swine wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 3.84), Nitrogen removal efficiency of 80, 70 and 90.4% was achieved, respectively. Nitrogen removal in IAASS was a great influenced on influent C/N ratio, efficient nitrogen removal was achieved at BOD/T-N ratio over 4. In IAASS operation, $\Delta $BOD mg/L/$\Delta $ nitrogen mg/L ratio was about 4-6. Simultaneous removal of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus in IAASS can achieved. And influent organic was efficiently utilized in denitrification. IAASS could be one of the best alternative process for the retrofit of conventional activated sludge system for the removal of nutrients.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.56.2-56.2
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• 2010

An improvement in the optical and structural properties of p-GaN was obtained by using antimony (Sb) as a surfactant during p-GaN growth. Two different growth temperatures of p-GaN such as $1030^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ were considered. Keeping the growth conditions for p-GaN constant, Sb was introduced during p-GaN growth while varying the [Sb]/([Ga]+[Mg]) flow ratio. [Sb]/([Ga]+[Mg]) flow ratio will be denoted as SGM ratio for convenience. SGM ratio of 0, 0.015 and 0.03% were considered for high temperature p-GaN growth. SGM ratio of 0, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02% were considered for low temperature p-GaN growth. The analysis results suggest that using the optimum SGM ratio during p-GaN growth greatly improves the optical and structural properties of the p-GaN.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2006

교대로 간헐적으로 포기되는 2개의 부직포 여과막 생물반응조로 폐수를 처리할 때 반응조의 MLSS 농도와 유입수의 C/N 비가 질소 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 MLSS 농도를 약 5,500 mg/L, 10,000 mg/L 및 15,000 mg/L로 유지하면서 $NH_4Cl$을 첨가하여 유입수의 TCOD/TKN 비를 5, 4, 3 및 2로 감소시켰다. 유입수는 음식물 쓰레기 침출수를 COD농도가 약 300 mg/L되도록 희석시킨 것이었다. 실험 결과, 반응조의 F/M 비는 0.112 g COD/g MLSS-day 이하, COD 제거효율은 95% 이상, 그리고 미생물 성장계수($Y_{obs}$) 값은 평균 0.283 g MLSS/g COD로 나타났다. 질산화 효율은 MLSS 농도가 5,500 mg/L이고 유입수의 TCOD/TKN 비가 2인 경우의 90.5%를 제외하고 모두 96% 이상이었다. 탈질효율은 유입수의 TCOD/TKN 비가 감소할수록 악화되었다. MLSS 농도가 5,500 mg/L인 경우에 비하여 10,000 mg/L인 경우에 탈질효율이 평균 10.7% 더 높아, MLSS 농도가 1,000 mg/L 증가함에 따라 평균 2.66 mg N/L의 율로 탈질율이 증가하였다. 그러나, MLSS 농도가 15,000 mg/L로 유지된 경우에는 5,500 mg/L인 경우에 비하여 탈질효율이 평균 4.6%만 더 높아 MLSS 농도가 1,000 mg/L 증가함에 따라 평균 0.75 mg N/L의 율로 탈질율이 증가하였다. 따라서 MLSS 농도와 내생 탈질율 간에 비례관계가 성립되지 않았다. 알칼리도 소모량은 유입수의 TCOD/TKN 비가 5인 경우에 제거된 T-N 1 mg당 평균 3.36 mg으로서 이론값인 3.57 mg에 가까웠으나 유입수의 TCOD/TKN 비가 감소함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2016

Understanding N mineralization dynamics in soil is essential for efficient nutrient management. An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to examine N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate of the organic amendments with different C:N ratio in paddy soil. Inorganic N in the soil sample was measured periodically under three temperature conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$) for 90 days. N mineralization was accelerated as the temperature rises by approximately $10%^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in average. Negative correlation ($R^2=0.707$) was observed between soil inorganic N and C:N ratio, while total organic carbon extract ($R^2=0.947$) and microbial biomass C ($R^2=0.824$) in the soil were positively related to C:N ratio. Single exponential model was applied for quantitative evaluation of N mineralization process. Model parameter for N mineralization rate, k, increased in proportion to temperature. N mineralization potential, $N_p$, was very different depending on C:N ratio of organic input. $N_p$ value decreased as C:N ratio increased, ranged from $74.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a low C:N ratio (12.0 in hairy vetch) to $15.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a high C:N ratio (78.2 in rice straw). This result indicated that the amount of inorganic N available for crop uptake can be predicted by temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendment. Consequently, it is suggested that the amount of organic fertilizer application in paddy soil would be determined based on temperature observations and C:N ratio, which represent the decomposition characteristics of organic amendments.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.700-704
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• 2008

혐기성 암모니아 산화공정에서 nitrite는 저해인자로 잘 알려져 있고, 최근에는 유리 암모니아 역시 anammox bacteria에 저해 영향을 주는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 유입수의 암모니아와 아질산의 비율이 연속운전에서 효과적인 질소제거에 중요한 인자가 되며, 연속운전 반응기에서는 유리 암모니아와 아질산의 축적을 방지하기 위해 유입수의 NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N-N비를 조절할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다섯 가지 종류의 NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N-N비를 회분식 실험을 통해 잔류 암모니아성 질소와 아질산성 질소의 농도를 최소화하는 비를 조사하였다. 회분식 실험 결과 실험 26시간 후에 1.00 : 1.30의 비에서 88%에 달하는 총질소 제거율이 나타났다. 그리고 혐기성 암모늄 산화 반응은 0차 반응을 나타내었고, 암모니아와 아질산의 반응 속도상수는 1.00 : 1.30의 비에서 각각 7.66 mg/L$\cdot$hr과 11.89 mg/L$\cdot$hr로 가장 높게 나타났다. 혐기성 암모늄 산화균 활성도를 측정해본 결과 1.00 : 1.15의 비에서 미생물의 활성도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 회분식 실험의 결과를 통해, 이론적 반응비과 비슷한 1.00:1.30에서는 반응속도가 크고 총질소 제거율도 높은 반면 혐기성 암모늄 산화균은 이론적 반응비보다 다소 낮은 아질산 농도에서 안정하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated in artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations as element growing components for microalgae growth. The nitrogen concentration was varied in 9, 15, 30 and 60 mg-N/L with fixed phosphorus concentration of 3 mg-P/L. The growth and phosphorus removal capacity of C. vulgaris were high at initial nitrogen concentration of 15 and 30 mg-N/L, and the corresponding N/P ratios calculated were 5 and 10. In the case of varying in 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg-P/L of phosphorus concentration with fixed nitrogen concentration of 30 mg-N/L, the growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus were excellent with phosphorus concentration of 3 and 6 mg-P/L. The corresponding N/P ratios were shown as 10 and 5. Therefore, the appropriate N/P ratio was concluded between 5 and 10 for wastewater treatment using C. vulgaris.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

고정상 생물여과지(biofiiter)에서 유입 C/N(COD/Nitrate)비와 용존산소(DO) 농도가 지하수로부터 질산성 질소를 제거하는데 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 유입 C/N비 10과 4.0에서 30 mg/L로 유입된 질산성 질소는 생물학적 탈질반응에 의해 완전히 제거되었다. 반면, 유입 C/N비 2.0에서는 전자공여체가 부족하였기 때문에 5.0 mg/L의 질산성 질소가 유출되었다. 게다가, 유입 C/N비가 2로 감소함에 따라 5.0 mg/L에 달하는 아질산성 질소가 발생하였다. 유입 C/N비 5에서 DO 농도의 증가는 탈질반응을 저해하였으며, 질산성 질소제거효율을 감소시켰다. 아황산나트륨($Na_2SO_3$)을 이용하여 유입 DO농도를 조절할 경우, 0.3 mg/L의 낮은 DO에도 불구하고 유출수 중 3.6 mg/L의 아질산성 질소가 잔류하였다. 반면, 질소가스를 이용하여 DO농도를 0.3 mg/L로 조절한 경우, 유입된 질산성 질소는 완전히 제거되었으며, 아질산성 질소는 검출되지 않았다. 생물여과지에서 유입된 질산성 질소를 제거하는데 소비된 유기물은 $3.0{\sim}3.5gSCOD/g{NO_3}^--N$의 범위이었으나, DO 농도가 5.5 mg/L로 증가함에 따라 소비된 그 양은 증가하였다. 높은 DO 농도 및 낮은 유입 C/N비와 함께 아황산나트륨을 이용한 DO 농도 조절은 생물학적 탈질반응에 영향을 주었으며, 질산성 질소제거효율을 감소시키고 아질산성 질소가 축적되었다.