• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Purpose : This study is to offer clinical primary data that examines the change of imaging structure and the quantitative evaluation of muscle activity on myofascial trigger points. This study examines neuromuscular physiological characteristic by comparing the differences in physical findings, pressure pain threshold, imaging, and electrophysiological characteristics in latent and active myofascial trigger points muscle and normal muscle through the following experimental procedures. Methods : The participants for the study were thirty-three adults in their twenties. We divided three groups into normal, latent and active myofascial trigger points groups by physical findings. We analyzed the results of measured pressure pain, threshold for pain, ultrasound imaging perform for structure characteristic of muscle, surface EMG according to type of muscle contraction for function of muscle contraction. Results : Significant differences were indicated in pressure pain threshold (p<0.05). Significant differences were discovered in the ultrasound imaging analysis. There were increases in muscle Echogenicity white area index (p<0.001). There were significant differences that decrease in %MVIC (p<0.05), increase in MDF (p<0.05). Conclusion : From these results, active rnyotascial trigger points muscle showed quality deterioration on ultrasound imaging and decreased function of muscle contraction, increased motor unit action potential of II type fiber, and electrophysiologically. Imaging structure and neuromuscular physiological characteristic can be diagnostic and quantitative analytical techniques for myofascial pain syndrome and a primary factor that reflected in physical therapy intervention.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2006

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the change of Myofascial Meridian treatment as literature. Methods: We arranged many kinds of medical literature related to Myofascial Meridian treatment. Results: The Myofascial Meridian treatment originated from Young-Chu(靈樞) was developed for many centuries. Conclusion: The modern western treatment like Myofascial Pain Syndrome therapy, Rolling therapy, Myofascial Release, Proproioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Kinesio taping treatment is thought to be connected with Myofasical Meridian treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2000

Objectives : To inquire the prevalence and the risk factors for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) on young boys in order to use these results as the fundamental data for the prevention of their MPS. Methods : For 7 days in May 1999, this research was taken on 489 male students ranging from 6th to 12th grade. We randomly selected a class for every group and from these classes we operated physical examinations, self-reported questionnaires and from a rehabilitation doctor, MPS test was taken. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were also taken by using the inclinometer. We defined MPS as a regional pain complaint, palpable taut band that is painful on compression. Results : The shoulder MPS prevalence of the subjects were 29.7 persons/100 persons. The statistics revealed that as grades went up, the percentage significantly increased in the MPS prevalence. As of case-control study, 145 students who were tested postive in all aspects were placed as cases, and 176 students who were perfectly normal as controls on risk factors. As a result of comparing the student groups who were stisfied with their chairs to the student groups were not satisfied, the taller showed a significantly higher odds ratio (p<0.01). By the multiple logistic regression test, we concluded that the MPS disease was prevailed far more in the students in the higher grades (Odds ratio: 1.16, 95% C.I.: 1.03-1.31), and also those who were dissatisfied with their chairs than in the ones who were satisfied (Odds ratio: 1.92, 95% C.I.: 1.17-3.17). Conclusions : Significant correlations showed between the MPS diagnosed group and the students who are dissatisfied with their chairs. As a result, more research and observation has to be made concerning this disease, and the desks and chairs should be adjusted to suit the student's physical standards.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2005

We have conclusions after the study of muscular system about small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle. Judging from many studies of interrelation between Meridian muscle and muscle, it is considered that Meridian muscle theory has some similarities with modern anatomical muscular system. It is considered that Small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle contains Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, Extensor digiti minimi muscle, Abductor digiti minimi muscle, Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, Triceps brachii muscle, Infraspinatus muscle, Levator scapulae muscle, Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Masseter muscle, Temporalis muscle. The symptoms of small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is similar to referred pain of modern Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and the medical treatment of "I Tong Wi Su(以痛爲輸)" is also similar to that of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is one of the three yang channels of hand muscle, and it has unity in extension of upper limb and trunk in the movement. And it is thought that weakness of small intestine channel of hand taiyang muscle is related with muscular system causing Round Shoulder and Head Forward Position.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2016

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is one of the treatment options used for patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), although its effectiveness is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of MPS in terms of pain relief and functional improvements. Methods: We assessed 93 patients with MPS who underwent ESWT from March 2009 to July 2014. After exclusion of 25 patients with shoulder diseases, 68 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up period was 7.5 months (${\pm}4.2weeks$), and the average duration of symptoms was 5 months (range, 2-16 months). ESWT was applied to intramuscular taut bands and referred pain areas once a week for 3 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were obtained at an initial assessment and at the 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up assessments. Results: VAS pain scores and ASES scores improved significantly after 3 sessions of ESWT (p<0.05). Both scores were improved, although not significantly, after 6 weeks (p>0.05). Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment option for patients with MPS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2020

Not all sciatica-like manifestations are of lumbar spine origin. Some of them are caused at points along the extra-spinal course of the sciatic nerve, making diagnosis difficult for the treating physician and delaying adequate treatment. While evaluating a patient with sciatica, straightforward diagnostic conclusions are impossible without first excluding sciatica mimics. Examples of benign extra-spinal sciatica are: piriformis syndrome, walletosis, quadratus lumborum myofascial pain syndrome, cluneal nerve disorder, and osteitis condensans ilii. In some cases, extra-spinal sciatica may have a catastrophic course when the sciatic nerve is involved in cyclical sciatica, or the piriformis muscle in piriformis pyomyositis. In addition to cases of sciatica with clear spinal or extra-spinal origin, some cases can be a product of both origins; the same could be true for pseudo-sciatica or sciatica mimics, we simply don't know how prevalent extra-spinal sciatica is among total sciatica cases. As treatment regimens differ for spinal, extra-spinal sciatica, and sciatica-mimics, their precise diagnosis will help physicians to make a targeted treatment plan. As published works regarding extra-spinal sciatica and sciatica mimics include only a few case reports and case series, and systematic reviews addressing them are hardly feasible at this stage, a scoping review in the field can be an eye-opener for the scientific community to do larger-scale prospective research.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Myofascial pain이나 filbrbomyalgia 등에 의한 만성 견관절통증은 보존적 치료로 치료적인 효과를 기대할 수 있는 질환이며, 수술적 치료가 필요한 다른 질환과의 감별을 요한다. 만성적인 견관절 동통의 치료는 증상의 원인과 악화요인을 확인하고 실질적으로 도움이 될 수 있는 적절한 치료법을, 단계적으로 적용하는 것이 효과적이며. 환자와 teamwork을 형성하여, 환자가 병증에 대해 충분히 이해하고 안심할 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Botulinum toxin has been used for the treatment of many clinical disorders by producing temporary skeletal muscle relaxation. In pain management, botulinum toxin has demonstrated an analgesic effect by reducing muscular hyperactivity, but recent studies suggest this neurotoxin could have direct analgesic mechanisms different from its neuromuscular actions. At the moment, botulinum toxin is widely investigated and used in many painful diseases such as myofascial syndrome, headaches, arthritis, and neuropathic pain. Further studies are needed to understand the exact analgesic mechanisms, efficacy and complications of botulinum toxin in chronic pain disorders.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Objectives : Floating acupuncture (FA) is a kind of newly developed acupuncture technique that contains its own apparatus. The technique has unique points that the body of the acupuncture needle stays intradermal space and manipulation is performed by shaking the needle horizontally; after manipulation, part of the needle remained in the intradermal space for 2~3 days. FA is not a common acupuncture methodology while various clinical study claims its efficacy on musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, the authors aimed to enhance the use of FA by comparing related theories. Methods : The authors reviewed classics, books, and articles related to FA, Meridian Muscle (MM), Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS), and Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture (WAA), and compared its characteristics by related theory, related symptoms, apparatus, and performing procedures. Results : FA was related and had various common parts with MM, MPS, and WAA, however, there were unique parts in the manipulation, apparatus, and stimulation location. FA is based on MM and MPS which pointing 'ashi points' or 'trigger points' as a treating target while FA does not stimulate the points directly. FA also targets subcutaneous space by inserting the needle horizontally as WAA does, while FA remains the needle handle part in the subcutaneous area for 2~3 days for more stimulation. Conclusions : FA has a unique manipulation procedure and potential benefit for musculoskeletal disorders despite the crude theological base written by Fu himself. Thus, developing a new explanation and patient-friendly methodology/apparatus is required for further down-to-earth studies.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2005

근막동통(myofascial pain syndrome, MPS)은 근막발통점에 의해 야기되는 지각, 운동 및 자율신경계의 증상으로 발통점이 자극되면 이환부에 동통을 발생할 뿐 아니라 연관통, 연관압통, 운동신경장애, 자율신경반응을 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구는 근막동통의 다양한 치료법 중에서 botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)의 주사의 효과를 국소마취제인 lidocaine의 주사효과와 비교하였다. 상부 승모근에 6개월 이상 활동성 발통점을 가진 21명의 환자를 선정한 다음, 무작위로 두 군으로 나누어 한 군(BTX-A 주사군, n=12)에는 발통점에 BTX-A(15 unit of $Botox^{(R)}$ / 0.3 ml per trigger point (TrP))를 주사하고 다른 군(lidocaine 주사군, n=9)에는 0.5% lidocaine (0.3 ml /TrP)를 주사하였다. 두 군 모두 주사는 1 회만 시행하였으며 운동요법이나 물리치료 및 약물치료는 시행하지 않았다. 주사 후 동통의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 주사 전 및 주사 후 2 주, 4 주, 6 주, 8 주에 주관적 동통척도인 VAS와 압력통각역치(PPT)를 측정하였으며 실험은 이중맹검으로 시행되었다. 실험결과, BTX-A 주사군은 주사 후 8 주의 시간이 경과되는 동안 VAS가 지속적으로 감소하였으며 PPT는 지속적으로 증가하였으나 lidocaine 주사군에서는 VAS의 감소만이 관찰되었다. 즉, 주관적인 동통척도에 있어서는 BTX-A 주사군과 lidocaine 주사군 사이에 유의한 통계학적 차이가 나타나지 않고(p=0.347), 두 군 모두 시간경과에 따라 동통이 감소하는 양상을 보여주었다. 그러나 PPT의 경우에는 BTX-A 주사군에서만 감소하여 두 군 사이에 유의한 통계학적 차이가 관찰되었다(p=0.000). 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 상부승모근 발통점에 대한 BTX-A 주사는 효과적이고 신뢰할 만한 치료법이라고 생각된다.