• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2014

In this study, the community structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizospheres of Camellia japonica and neighboring woody plants in Wando, Korea were investigated. Rhizospheres of C. japonica and other woody plants were dominated by the same species, Acaulospora mellea, but Shannon's index, species richness and total spore numbers of the AMF communities were higher in non-C. japonica than in neighboring plants. Regardless of host plant species, the frequency of A. mellea was significantly high comparing with other AMF species. The community similarity of AMF within C. japonica was significantly higher than between C. japonica and neighboring plants or neighboring plants (p<0.005). Results showed that AM fungal communities in rhizospheres of C. japonica have unique community structure and are different from that of neighboring host plants, suggesting that community structure of AMF could be influenced by host plant species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 2004

To investigate protective activity in pepper plants, which were pre-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus intra radices (Gi), against pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici (Pc), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antioxidant enzymes were examined. The growth of root and shoot was the highest in peppers inoculated with G. intraradices, compared with non-inoculated control plants and those challenged by the pathogen with and without mycorrhizae after nine days of infection. Mycorrhizal colonization rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen-challenged plants, but disease pressure was reduced. The activities of PR proteins, $\beta$-1- 3-glucanase and chitinase, were increased in Pc-treated plants compared to Gi+Pc-treated plants in leaves, but those in roots were suppressed. Superoxide dismutase activity and $H_2O_2${/TEX> content in Gi+Pc and Pc-treated plants were gradually increased in leaves. However, those in roots continuously increased up to 5 days, and then decreased dramatically. Peroxidase activity in leaves and roots increased after P. capsici infection both in plants inoculated with or without G. intraradices. These results suggest that AM fungi, G. intra radices, potentially act as one of the protective agents against plant pathogens. Changes of PR proteins and antioxidative enzymes in mycorrhizae-inoculated pepper appear to be regulated differently in leaves and roots by pathogen infection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2003

Effects of aybusculayr mycorrhizal fungus (aMF), Glomus manihot, on plant growth and nutrient uptake on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings were evaluated in the nursery experiment. Five different strains of pepper, Chungok, Shingang, Manitta, Gonggongchil, and Shintaeyang, were used in this study. Total fresh weight, nutrient (nitrogen, phosphate and potassium) uptake were increased in all strains inoculated with G. manihot alone and G. manihot and rock phosphate over control at 2 weeks after seeding. Plant weight and phosphate uptake in plants treated with AMF were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than those of control at 6 weeks after seeding. The treatment with G. manihot and rock phosphate gave better plant performance than the treatment with G. manihot alone at 6 weeks after seeding. The lengths of pathogenic symptom on pepper by Phytophthora capsici were reduced significantly by the inoculation of G. manihot spores, Therefore, it would be expected that AMF can be used as the biocontrol agent on pathogens in pepper.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.232-242
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• 2002

To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus intraradices) colonization on drought-stress tolerance, leaf water potential, chlorophyll concentration, P content and carbohydrate composition were examined in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants exposed to drought-stressed or well-watered conditions. Drought stress significantly decreased leaf water potential, P content and leaf growth. These drought-induced damages were moderated by mycorrhizal colonization. Drought stress decreased the concentration of soluble sugars in shoots. AM plants had a higher foliar soluble sugar than non-AM plants under drought stress condition. Drought stress depressed the accumulation of starch and fructan in shoots, but stimulated in roots. Under drought-stressed condition, starch concentration in roots was higher in non-AM plants than in AM plants. Fructan was the largest pool of carbohydrates, showing the highest initial concentration and the highest net increase for 28 days of treatment. Drought stress slightly decreased fructan concentration in shoots, but remarkably increased in roots. Under drought-stressed condition, fructan concentrations in non-AM and AM shoots at day 28 were 18.7% and 13.3% lower than the corresponding values measured at well-watered plants. However, in the roots, fructan accumulation caused by drought was lessen 13.6% by mycorrhizal colonization. The results obtained suggest that mycorrhizal colonization improves drought tolerance of the host plants by maintaining higher leaf water status and P status, and by retaining more foliar soluble sugars.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

Effects of mycorrhizal infection on the growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and corn (Zea mays) seedlings have been studied by comparing plants grown in sterilized soil/sand mixtures to plants grown in sterilized soil/sand mixtures with topping the original non-sterile field soil. The original nonsterile field soil, which were taken from the bell pepper field, contained a high level of endmycorrhizal spores. After seven weeks, the shoot height of inoculated plants was increased by 110% in bell pepper, and 90% in corn compared with the control plants. The average above-ground biomass of inoculated plant was increased by 88% in bell pepper and 71% in corn compared with the control plants. The shoot-root ratios in bell pepper and corn were 2.7 and 1.8 for the control plants, and 4.3 and 2.7 for the treatment plants, respectively. Phosphorus level in inoculated plant was higher than that of the control plant. However, nitrogen contents were similar between the control and the treatment plants. The control plants didi not form vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae during the experimental period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 1988

To evaluate potential of VA mycorrhizal fungi for promoting growth of nitrogen-fixing trees and efficiency of fungal inoculation in relation to soil fertility and dual inoculation with bacteria, Alnus firma was grown for six months in pots with steam-sterilized soil after inoculation with Glomus mosseae, and Robinia pseudoacacia was grown in the fumigated field after inoculation with native Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. In unfertilized Alnus plants, 27% increase in dry weight(or 18% in height) was observed by Glomus inoculation, while plants inoculated with both VA mycorrhiza and actinomycete(crushed nodule inoculum) showed synergistic effect of 83% dry weight increase over uninoculated plants. In fertilized Alnus plants, mycorrhizal inoculation alone or dual inoculation with actinomycete resulted in depression of height and dry weight of plants. In case of Robinia, dual inoculation stimulated height growth by 23% (or dry weight by 25%) over the control in unfertilized field, while 13% more height growth(or 21% more dry weight) was observed in fertilized field. It is concluded that VA mycorrhizae, especially Glomus mosseae, have a potential for growth enhancement in Alnus, that synergistic effect of dual inoculation(mycorrhiza + actinomycete) exists in both Alnus and Robinia, and that responses of these plants to VA mycorrhiza are more pronounced in unfertilized soil.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1995

Newly sprouted American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seedlings were transplanted to forest pots with mycorrhizae-infested soil and grown in screenhouse for 2 years. Growth patterns, mortality rate and fresh root weight were investigated. Plants in VAM soil had lower mortality rales than control. In soils infested with two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomu deseyicola, frappe, Bloss and Merge and G. intraradices, Schenck and Smith), 28-35% of plants produced 3-prongs in the second season and significantly increased fresh root weight by 41 to 43%.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2000

Twenty species representing five genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from twenty-four soil samples of the rhizosphere of the family Gramineae in Paekryung and Daecheong islands. A few species such as Glomus invermaius, G. marcrocapus var. marcrocarpus and Scutellospora coralloidea were recorded for the first time in Korea. The number of spores per 10g of soil was in the range of $8{\sim}337$ in Paekryung and $16{\sim}349$ in Daecheong island, respectively. The number of species per 10g of soil was $2{\sim}8$ species in Paekryung and $2{\sim}7$ species in Daecheong, respectively. Among them, G. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus was the most abundant species in both islands. The species diversity and evenness were almost similar in Paekryung and Daecheong Islands. Based on the host plants in two islands, the species diversity showed the highest value of 1.63 in Ischaemum crassipes, whereas the eveuness of species showed the lowest value of 0.35 in Eragrostis ferraginea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.214-222
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• 1989

Of the 103 species (41 families) sampled from two limestone bites in Korea, 98 species (95.1%) contained VA mycorrhizae. No mycorrhizal structures were observed in the other 5 species. The nonmycorrhizal species were members of the following 4 families: Equisetaceae, Davalliaceae, Amaranthaceae and Ericacene. Of the 124 species (51 families) sampled from two different nonlimestone sites, 99 species (79.8%) were found to contain VA mycorrhizae and no mycorrhizal structures were observed in the other 25 species. The nonmycorrhizal species were members of the following 16 families: Equisetaceae, Pteridacaea, Davalliaceae, Cyperaceae, Commelinaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Phytolaceaceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fumariaceae, Cruciferae, Ericaceae and Rubiaceae.