• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae inoculation and phosphorus application on early growth of hot pepper. Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora spinosa were chosen for this investigation and inoculated into soils of different P levels by varying inoculation time and density. After treatment, some relevant growth responses of hot pepper were measured. Regardless of soil P levels, hot peppers treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had 5~34% more fresh weight than those untreated, but the effect of inoculation time and density was not different between two species. With decreased P levels, the infection rate and dependency of hot peppers increased. The content of P and K of AMF-inoculated hot peppers increased with increasing P levels, but the shoot to root ratio of those elements decreased. The results of this study showed that inoculation of AMF would be effective in promoting growth of hot pepper seedlings and increase transplant adaptation due in part to the resulted higher root development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

There was no difference between eco-friendly and conventional cultivated soils in the chemical properties. But $Av.P_2O_5$ contents in the eco-friendly cultivated soils were slightly higher than that of conventional cultivated soils. In the conventional cultivated soils, the coefficient of correlation between spore density and soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, OM, $Av.P_2O_5$, K${\surd}$(Ca+Mg) and CEC was $-0.48^*$, -0.05, $0.48^*$, -0.12, -0.13, 0.31 respectively. But, in the eco-friendly cultivated soils was $-0.68^*$, $0.69^*$, $0.96^{**}$, $0.75^*$, $0.63^*$, $0.92^{**}$ respectively. The spore density was 140 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the eco-friendly cultivated soils and 60 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the conventional cultivated soils. Infection ratio of intercellular hypha was higher than that of arbuscular and vesicular among the fungi structures within the root. Suncheon and Cheonan as eco-friendly cultivated soil were higher than GimJe and NamWon in infection ratio.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

The colonization of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices BEG110 in the soil caused a decrease in disease severity in cucumber plants after fungal inoculation with Colletotrichum orbiculare. In order to illustrate the resistance mechanism mediated by G. intraradices BEG110, infection patterns caused by C. orbiculare in the leaves of cucumber plants and the host cellular responses were characterized. These properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy on the leaves of cucumber plants grown in soil colonized with G. intraradices BEG110. In the untreated plants, inter- and intra-cellular fungal hyphae were observed throughout the leaf tissues during both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection. The cytoplasm of fungal hyphae appeared intact during the biotrophic phase, suggesting no defense response against the fungus. However, several typical resistance responses were observed in the plants when treated with G. intraradices BEG110 including the formation of sheaths around the intracellular hyphae or a thickening of host cell walls. These observations suggest that the resistance mediated by G. intraradices BEG110 most often occurs in the symplast of the host cells rather than in the apoplast. In addition, this resistance is similar to those mediated by biotic inducers such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(VAMF) in the rhizosphere soil of horticultural crops grown under greenhouse and open-field condition, in the southern area of Kores. Soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of some sellected horticultural crops, such as cucumber, hot pepper, lettuca, tomato and eggplant grown under greenhouse or open-field condition. All tested crops are considered as mycorrhizal plants. The infection rate of horticultural crops investigated ranged from 38% to 70%, hot pepper and eggplant grown under greenhouse condition showed the highest infection being 66.0% and 70.0%, respectively. Spore densities were from 4.8 to 20.0g-1 on dried soil basis. Spore densities of VAMF in the rhizosphere soils under greenhouse condition were higher than that of open-field conditions. The highest distribution of spores in diameter ranged from $75{\mu}m$ to $106{\mu}m$ in the rhizosphere soil of lettuce, cucumber and tomato while those in hot pepper and eggplant ranged from $75{\mu}m$ to $250{\mu}m$. Glomus sp.-type spores predominated in the slightly acid soil(pH 6.3), while Acaulospora sp.-type spores greatly predominated in the very strongly acid field(pH 4.9).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2015

An investigation was conducted on the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus etunicatum on the formation of soil aggregate and mycorhizal development in the roots of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings in coal mine tailings and forest soil. G. etunicatum formed mycorrhizas by 35.1 % in coal mine tailings and by 48.9 % in forest soil. Its infection was the typical Arum-type forming inter-cellular hyphae and intra-cellular arbuscules. Ergosterol contents were 3.20 ppm in forest soil and 1.92 ppm in coal mine tailings. The formation of soil aggregate per 50 g pot soil was 19.6 g and 9.5 g in inoculated and noninoculated forest soil and 16.5 g and 11.0 g in inoculated and non-inoculated coal min tailings, respectively. In conclusion, G. etunicatum inoculation increased the formation of soil aggregate both in forest soil and coal mine tailings, but was less effective in the latter.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-30
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• 1992

A field experiment was done to evaluate the growth response, rhizobia nodulation and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) infection of soybean treated with the different concentration of three-herbicides, alachlor, simazine, linuron. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; Emergence rate of soybean was non-significantly decreased by increasing the herbicide concentration. In simazine treatment, low emergence rate showed even in recommended concentration, especially the lowest emergence rate in treble concentration of recommended dose was about 50%. The plant length of soybean lowered by increasing the herbicide concentration, but there were almost no differences in recommended dose. Particularly that in a high concentration of herbicides at three weeks after treatment(WAT) was decreased remarkably. In the plant diameter of soybean shoot, no differences in the recommended concentration of alachlor and linuron at 2 WAT, but those of recommended dose was decreased with the lapse of time, and the lowest treatment was simazine-treated plot. Leaf area and fresh weight of soybean tended to decrease over the control even in recommended concentration and it was decreased with the increment of the herbicide dose. Yield component, fresh weight of rhizobia nodule and chlorophyll content of soybean leaves were reduced with the increment of herbicide dose, espicially remarkable tendency was revealed in simazine-treated plot. Seasonal infection rate of VAM showed a slight decrease by increasing of herbicide dose, and the lowest infection was simazine treatment. Significant correlation was realized among the reduction of rhizobia nodulation, VAM colonization and the agronomic characters of soybean and it was considered that the reduction of rhizobia nodulation and VAM colonization by misapplication of the herbicides might be a causal factor for decrease in soybean yield.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.885-890
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• 2004

A survey for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) occurrence was undertaken in three endangered vegetation sites in the area of Kudankulam atomic power station. Fifteen VAM fungal species were isolated from the root-zone soils of fourteen different plant species. There was a significant correlation observed between the number of spores and of percentage root colonization as exemplified by Phyllanthus niruri and Paspalum vaginatum (450, 95%; 60, 25%). Although VAM species are not known to be strictly site specific, the fact that Acaulospora elegans was observed only in site 1, Glomus pulvinatum in site 2 only, and Gl. intraradices in site 3 only, showed site-specificity in this study. To confirm the infection efficiency, two host plant species in the sites, P. niruri and Eclipta alba, were selected and inoculated in field with three selected VAM fungal spores. Gl. fasciculatum was found to be the most efficient VAM species in percentage root colonization, number of VAM spores, and dry matter content. When the nutrients in roots of P. niruri and E. alba were analyzed, there was higher uptake of K (4.2 and 3.4 times, respectively) and Ca (5.3 and 4.9 times, respectively), the analogues for $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$, respectively. From the results, it might be concluded that VAM association helps the plants survive in a disturbed ecosystem and enhances uptake and cycling of radionuclides from the ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.454-461
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• 1999

The dynamics of root system in the fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake was investigated in four zones divided into 'zone of decayed mycorrhizae', 'zone of mycorrhizae for fruiting', 'zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae' and 'zone of roots free from mycorrhizal infection'. The roots of Pinus densiflora in fairy rings, which occupied 70% of upper crown, comprised about 60% and 87% of total roots and alive roots, respectively. The ratio of fine-roots of P. densiflora over total roots was relatively higher than other species since that of P. densiflora was about 45% while that of the other species was about 13% on research of fine-roots. Especially, the roots of pine comprised about 70% of total root in the zone of mycorrhizae for fruiting and the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae, which indicated that the pine roots were closely related to the fairy rings of T. matsutake. The fine roots of P. densiflora in the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae was about 60.7%(1,087mg/100g soil) which was about twice compared to that of other zones. It allowed us to suppose that the fine roots of P. densiflora can make active growth in the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae, and the growth was promoted by the fairy ring formation of T. matsutake. In addition, we found 3~5 times higher amount of fine roots than that of medium roots of P. densiflora in this zone, which indicated that the fairy rings of T. matsutake locate in the region of active growth of P. densiflora' roots.