• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2006

전남 담양지역의 시설재배 토마토에서 발생하는 arbuscular 균근균의 분포를 조사하였다. 총 21 농가의 토마토 재배 토양을 채취한 후 arbuscular 균근균의 포자를 분리하여 계수한 결과 $500{\mu}m$ 이상은 0.01개 정도, $355{\sim}500{\mu}m$는 0.02개 정도, $251{\sim}354{\mu}m$는 0.09개 정도, $107{\sim}250{\mu}m$는 0.9개 정도, $45{\sim}106{\mu}m$는 2.0개 정도였으며, 토양 g 당 평균 3.02개 정도의 포자밀도로 분포하였다. 토마토 뿌리에서 균근 감염 양상을 보면 vesicle 18.0%, hyphae 6.0%, arbuscule 2.0%등 전체적으로 26.0% 정도의 감염율을 보였다. 분리된 arbuscular 균근균 포자를 수단그라스에 재접종하여 4개월 정도 배양하여 arbuscular 균근균의 동정을 실시한 결과 Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp. 및 Acaulospora sp. 등으로 동정되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 1993

내생균근 균이 포함된 토양을 이용하여 4종류의 식물인 수수, 돌콩, 차풀 및 참깨를 재배하여, arbucular mycorrhizae의 감염도 및 포자 증식을 조사 하였다. 감염율의 변화는 계속하여 50일까지 증가하고 있는 반면에 포자생성은 30일 이후에 증가율이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이로써, AM 감염도는 포자생성과 상관관계를 갖지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 다양한 지역의 토양을 포트배양하여 포자의 증식을 조사하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 다양한 토양을 이용하여 포트배양한 결과 많은 양의 새로운 포자를 얻을 수 있었으며, 82개 토양 중 43개 토양에서 포자의 증식이 관찰되었으며 4속 15종의 포자가 동정되었다. 포트배양한 토양의 pH를 조사한 결과 pH에 따라 포자의 생성이 일정한 경향을 보였으며, 대체로 낮은 pH에서 많은 포자 증식을 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphology of mycorrhizal roots, and the effects of root age and soil texture on the mycorrhizal infection in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) growing in Korea. Ginseng roots at ages of two to six years were collected from fields in late June. Their infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) was studied by clearing the roots and staining fungal hyphae with trypan blue. Root infection varied greatly depending on the developmental stages of young roots. Young tertiary roots, in diameter of smaller than 0.8 mrn, formed during the current growing season had root hairs and were frequently and in some cases heavily infected by AMF. Hyphal coils and arbuscules were abundant, while vesicles were rarely observed. Older secondary or tertiary roots in diameter of bigger than 1.0 mm with fully differentiated primary xylem formed during the previous growing season had no root hairs, and were not infected at all. The rates of mycorrhizal infection in the young tertiary roots were not affected by the age of the ginseng plants, suggesting that fungal populations might have not much changed during the aging of the cultivated fields up to six years. The differences in the infection rates among the different ages of ginseng were caused by differences in the amount of young tertiary roots in the samples. Soil texture, either sandy loam or clay loam, did not affect the rate of root infection. There were large variations in the infection rates among the different farms and locations within a farm. It strongly suggested that infection rates of the ginseng roots by AMF would be influenced by the practice of the farmers, possibly by avoiding consecutive planting, introduction of new topsoil, and the ways of handling the soil before transplanting the ginseng, such as fumigation or sterilization that might have affected indigenous inoculum sources of the AMF.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1999

소나무류의 뿌리나 토양에서 분리된 균근균의 배양특성 비교와 인공접종에 의한 소나무 묘목에의 균근형성을 시도하였다. 소나무류 균근균은 다양한 생장특성을 지니고 있었는데, 배지별 생장에서 민자주방망이버섯(Ln73/92)은 PDA 에서, Paxillus sp.는 FDA 에서, 알버섯(FRI91017)은 Hagem배지에서, 나머지 균근균들은 MP배지에서 생장이 양호하였다. 용도나 pH를 달리한 배양조건에서 대부분의 균근균들은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 생장이 양호하였으나 모래밭버섯(FRI91004와 Pt 1)은 $30^{\circ}C$가 최적온도였고, pH도 균근균의 종류에 따라 약산성에서부터 약알칼리성에 이르기까지 최적 pH가 다양하였다. 생장시에 선호하는 탄소원의 종류도 균근균의 종류에 따라 다양하였으나 탄소원으로 xylose를 첨가한 배지에서는 모든 균근균의 생장이 불량하였다. 질소원은 $KNO_3$ 또는 asparagine을 선호하는 종류가 많았고 urea를 첨가한 배지에서는 거의 모든 균근균이 생장하지 못하였다. 균근균을 해송묘목에 인공접종하여 균근균을 형성시킨 결과, 모래밭버섯인 Pt1균주만 3개월만에 성공적으로 균근을 형성하여 외생균근의 전형적인 특징인 두꺼운 균사막으로 덮인 분지된 세근이 관찰되었으며 조직염색법에 의해 처리된 균근형성뿌리의 횡단절단면을 Nomarski interference microscope로 관찰하여 표피세포에 형성된 fungal mantle과 피층세포에 형성된 Hartig net을 확인하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

Roots of Glycine max and Miscanthus sinensis and soil samples were collected from various field sites at Goesan, Chungbuk in Korea. Microscopic observations of the roots indicated high colonization rates of both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and other fungi. The partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes were amplified with the genomic DNA extracted from their roots by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with universal primer NS1 and fungal specific primers AML Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) was analyzed using the combinations of three restriction enzymes, HinfI, AluI and AsuC21. Nucleotides sequence analysis revealed that ten sequences from Miscanthus sinensis and one sequence from Glycine max were close to those of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Also, 33% of total clones amplified with NS31-AM1 primers from M. sinensis and 97% from G. max were close to Fusarium oxysporum or other pathogenic fungi, and they were successfully distinguished from AME Results suggested that these techniques could help to distinguish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from root pathogenic fungi in the plant roots. Especially, DNA amplified by these primers showed distinct polymorphisms between AMF and plant pathogenic species of Fusarium when digested with AsuC21.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2009

We investigated whether cadmium (Cd) toxicity affects phosphorus (P) concentration and growth of poplar, which might be related to the ectomycorrhizal associations. Populus ${\times}$tomentoglandulosa cuttings were treated with 0.1 mM and 0.4 mM $CdSO_4$ and inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and grown in autoclaved peat vermiculite mixture for five months under greenhouse conditions. Ectomycorrhizal plants showed significantly higher Cd concentration in leaves, stems and roots than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Likewise, P contents in leaves and roots of ectomycorrhizal plants were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. Acid phosphatase activity in leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants, however, was significantly lower than that of non-mycorrhizal plants. 0.1 mM Cd significantly increased P content in leaves and stems of non-mycorrhizal plants. In spite of high P concentration, which is accompanied by lower acid phosphatase activity, plant growth was not improved by inoculation with P. tinctorius. Total plant dry weight was lower than the non-mycorrhizal counterpart. The results imply that this might be caused by the large amount of energy consumption to alleviate Cd toxicity resulted from high Cd accumulation in their tissues.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2004

The contribution of plant nutrition status in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plant to the nutrient acquisition by extraradical hyphae of AM fungi was investigated using cucumber colonized with Glomus intraradicies (BEG 110) focusing on the Zn. Compartmentalized pots with separated Bones for hyphal growth were used to determine the contribution of extraradical AM hyphae to Zn uptake from hyphal zones. $0.5\;{\mu}M$ Zn was supplied into the hyphal zones as nutrient solution (10 mL/day) with a form of $ZnSO_4$. Zn foliar application was made two times for one week before harvest (8 mL/plant). The colonization rate by AM were high in all of Zn treatments. The dry weight of cucumber increased by AM colonization compared to those of non-mycorrhizal counterpart. However: Zn foliar application resulted in no significant difference in dry weight between mycorrhizal- and non-mycorrhizal plant. In addition, the enhancement of Zn content in cucumber shoot by AM colonization were also reduced by Zn foliar application. These results indicate that the interaction between host plant and AM fungus for nutrient uptake might be related to plant nutritional status and nutrient contents. In consequence, higher Zn contents in host plant by foliar application of Zn could restrict the role of extraradical hyphae of AM fungus on the Zn acquisition and transfer from fungus to host plant.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2006

본 연구는 내생균근균 접종이 목본식물의 인공 산성우에 대한 저항성에 미치는 영향을 구명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 아까시나무(Robinia pseudoacacia) 종자를 실험실 내에서 파종한 후, 멸균된 버미큘라이트, 모래, 밭토양을 1:1:1로 혼합한 토양을 담은 1l pot에 건강한 묘목을 이식하였다. 각 pot에 묘목을 이식할 때 분쇄된 뿌리혹과 균근균을 접종하였는데, 뿌리혹은 자연 상태에서 자란 아까시나무림에서 채취한 것을, 내생균근균은 상업용으로 판매하는 Glomus intraradices를 수입하여 사용하였다. pH 2.6, 3.6, 4.6, 5.6 4종류의 인공 산성우는 황산과 질산을 3:1로 혼합하여 만들었다. 각 pot에는 질소와 인을 배제시킨 양료용액과 일정한 pH 수준의 산성우를 각각 180 mm씩 매주 1회씩 50일간 처리하였으며 포트는 온실에 놓아두었다. 실험 종료시 묘목을 굴취하여 엽록소, 무기양료의 함량과 조직의 순광함성량, 건중량, 뿌리의 균근감염율 등을 측정하였다. 균근감염율은 pH 2.6에서 현저히 낮은 수준을 나타냈는데, 이는 극도로 낮은 pH에서 G. intraradices의 활력이 억제됨을 의미한다. 수고생장, 건중량, 뿌리혹 형성, 엽록소 함량, 그리고 순광합성 등은 pH 3.6을 제외한 모든 pH 수준에서 균근감염에 의해 증가하였다. pH 5.6과 4.6에서는 균근균 접종이 뿌리혹 형성을 각각 85%, 45% 증가시켰으나, pH 3.6괴 2.6에서는 균근균 접종이 뿌리혹의 형성을 거의 촉진하지 않았다. 순광합성 량은 모든 pH 수준에서 균근감염에 의해 증가하였다. 조직체 내의 인 함량도 균근감염에 의해 평균 43% 증가하였으며 pH 2.6을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론적으로 아까시나무에 대한 균근균 접종은 광합성과 인 함량, 뿌리혹 형성을 증가시킴으로써 생장을 촉진하고, 산성우에 대한 저항성을 높여준다고 할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) was investigated in cultivated and natural fold sites or chungbuk, Korea. soils were collected from rhizosphere or Sorghum bicolor, Fagopyrum esculentum and Glycine max in cultivated sites, and of Miscanthus sinensis, Glycine soja and Lespedeza cuneata in natural sites. Total 20 species of Glomalean fungi were found in this study. Species richness, species diversity and density of AM fungi were significantly lower in the arable sites. While only AM fungal spores belong to Glomus and Acaulospora were found in arable fold sites, more diverse fungal spores including Gigasporaceae were found in natural grasslands. AM fungal spore composition did not significantly differ among crop plant species. Results suggest that the agricultural practices were significantly influenced on AM fungal community structures and mycorrhizal developments.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2006

Growth responses of Zea mays and Glycine max to colonization by mixture of combination of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, two species of Glomus and a species of Scutellospora were compared. In Zea mays, plants inoculated with single species of AM fungi showed significantly higher in dry weight than non-mycorrhizal plant for all three AM fungal species. Also, growth of plants inoculated with spores of two species of AM fungi was significantly higher than nonmycorrhizal control except for plants inoculated with two Glomus species. When three species of AM fungi were inoculated, the plants showed the highest growth. In Glycine max, plants with single AM fungal species inoculation were not significantly different in plant growth from nonmycorrhizal plants. When the plants were inoculated with combination of two or more AM fungal species, their growth significantly increased compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. In both plant species, mycorrhizal root colonization by Scutellospora species was significantly lower than by Glomus species.