• 제목/요약/키워드: Mycobacterium avium Complex

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Respiratory Review of 2014: Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

  • Park, Cheol Kyu;Kwon, Yong Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제77권4호
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2014
  • Since tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern and the incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB is increasing globally, new modalities for the detection of TB and drug resistant TB are needed to improve TB control. The Xpert MTB/RIF test can be a valuable new tool for early detection of TB and rifampicin resistance, with a high sensitivity and specificity. Late-generation fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, which are the principal drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB, show equally high efficacy and safety. Systemic steroids may reduce the overall TB mortality attributable to all forms of TB across all organ systems, although inhaled corticosteroids can increase the risk of TB development. Although fixed dose combinations were expected to reduce the risk of drug resistance and increase drug compliance, a recent meta-analysis found that they might actually increase the risk of relapse and treatment failure. Regarding treatment duration, patients with cavitation and culture positivity at 2 months of TB treatment may require more than 6 months of standard treatment. New anti-TB drugs, such as linezolid, bedaquiline, and delamanid, could improve the outcomes in drug-resistant TB. Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease has typical clinical and immunological phenotypes. Mycobacterial genotyping may predict disease progression, and whole genome sequencing may reveal the transmission of Mycobacterium abscessus. In refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, a moxifloxacin-containing regimen was expected to improve the treatment outcome.

요양 비대상인 분진작업 이직근로자에서 마이코박테리아 감염 (Mycobacterial Infection among Retired Dusty Workers Ineligible for Medical Care Benefits for Work-related Pneumoconiosis )

  • 황주환
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.355-364
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The objective of the present study was to identify mycobacterial infection in retired dusty workers who were ineligible for medical care benefits for work-related pneumoconiosis. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from 170 retired dusty workers living in Gangwon-do. The mycobacterial culture was grown in 2% Ogawa medium and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube(MGIT). Mycobacterial species were identified using MolecuTech REBA Myco-ID. Results: Thirty-one(18.2%) out of 170 sputum samples were identified as positive for culture. Among the positive culture samples, eleven(6.5%) were identified as mycobacterial species. The proportion of mycobacteria was M. avium 2.3%(4/170), M. fortuitum complex 1.2%(2/170), M. intracellulare 1.2%(2/170), M. abscessus 0.6%(1/170), M. tuberculosis(MTB) complex 0.6%(1/170), and MYC(NTM except 19 species) 0.6%(1/170). Conclusions: In comparison with previous studies, the incidence rate of tuberculosis(TB) in retired dusty workers who were ineligible for medical care benefits for work-related pneumoconiosis was higher than in close contact with TB patients, workers exposed to silica, and patients with silicosis. And the proportion of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria(NTM) was higher than that of MTB.

Increasing Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Respiratory Specimens over a 10-Year Period in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in South Korea

  • Koh, Won-Jung;Chang, Boksoon;Jeong, Byeong-Ho;Jeon, Kyeongman;Kim, Su-Young;Lee, Nam Yong;Ki, Chang-Seok;Kwon, O Jung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제75권5호
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    • pp.199-204
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    • 2013
  • Background: The number of patients with pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term trends in the NTM recovery rate from respiratory specimens over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of mycobacterial cultures of respiratory specimens at Samsung Medical Center from January 2001 to December 2011. Results: During the study period, 32,841 respiratory specimens from 10,563 patients were found to be culture-positive for mycobacteria. These included 12,619 (38%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 20,222 (62%) NTM isolates. The proportion of NTM among all positive mycobacterial cultures increased from 43% (548/1,283) in 2001 to 70% (3,341/4,800) in 2011 (p<0.001, test for trend). The recovery rate of NTM isolates from acid-fast bacilli smear-positive specimens increased from 9% (38/417) in 2001 to 64% (1,284/1,997) in 2011 (p<0.001, test for trend). The proportion of positive liquid cultures was higher for NTM than for M. tuberculosis (p<0.001). The most frequently isolated NTM were Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (53%) and Mycobacterium abscessus-massiliense complex (25%). Conclusion: The recovery rate of NTM from respiratory specimens in South Korea has increased steadily.

Extremely Increased Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Levels Caused by New or Resistant Infections to Previous Antibiotics in Chronic Lung Diseases

  • Shin, Ji Young;Yoo, Su Jin;Park, Bo Mi;Jung, Sung Su;Kim, Ju Ock;Lee, Jeong Eun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제75권3호
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    • pp.125-127
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we describe 72-year-old female patient without evidence of malignant disease presented with significantly elevated serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels by respiratory infections. She was diagnosed with respiratory infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The serum CA 19-9 levels remarkably increased (1,453-5,300 U/mL; reference range, <37 U/mL) by respiratory infection and abruptly decreased (357-534 U/mL) whenever infection was controlled by specific treatments. This case suggests that serum CA 19-9 levels may be used as a diagnostic marker to indicate new or resistant infections to previous antibiotics in chronic lung diseases without significant changes in chest X-ray findings.

Occurrence and Molecular Differentiation of Environmental Mycobacteria in Surface Waters

  • Lee, Eun-Sook;Lee, Mok-Young;Han, Sun-Hee;Ka, Jong-Ok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권7호
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    • pp.1207-1215
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    • 2008
  • To investigate the occurrence and species diversity of mycobacteria in waters, surface water samples were collected monthly from the Han River and tap water samples at the terminal sites of the distribution system. Mycobacteria in each water sample were isolated by decontamination using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cultivation on Middlebrook 7H10 agar, and then identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) and sequencing of the 65-kDa heat-shock protein gene (hsp65 gene). Mycobacteria were detected in 59% of the surface water samples and 26% of the tap water samples. Over half of the 158 isolates could not be identified by hsp65 PRA and gene sequencing, and several identification discrepancies were observed between the two methods. The most frequently isolated species was Mycobacterium gordonae in surface water and M. lentiflavum in tap water. M. avium complex (MAC), the most important pathogen among environmental mycobacteria, was detected in the surface water samples but not found in the tap water samples. The result demonstrated that water is an important environmental source of mycobacteria and the combined application of hsp65 PRA and sequencing was more reliable than hsp65 PRA alone to accurately identify mycobacteria present in water.

면역 저하 환자에서 발생한 파종성 Mycobacterium intracellulare 감염 1예 (A Case of Disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare Infection in an Immunocompromised Host)

  • 김선영;오동욱;유지희;김동회;노세희;노재형;정상수;유동준;심태선
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제67권1호
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    • pp.32-36
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    • 2009
  • 본 증례는 AIDS가 아닌 면역저하 환자에서 M. intracellulare에 의하여 관절염 및 흉수가 발생한 파종성 질환의 예로 국내에서 두 번째로 보고되는 바이다.

일개 국립결핵병원에서 경험한 비결핵성 마이코박테리아 폐질환의 원인균과 임상상 (Pathogenic Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in a National Tuberculosis Hospital)

  • 최순필;이봉근;민진홍;김진희
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제59권6호
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    • pp.606-612
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    • 2005
  • 배 경: 최근 국내의 연구에 의하면 객담 항산균 도말검사에 양성을 보인 환자들 중 NTM 분리비율이 약 10%정도로 NTM 폐질환의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 국립 마산 결핵 병원의 경우 타 병원에 비해 초치료 환자 보다 재치료 및 다제 내성 결핵 환자의 비율이 높고 이런 환자들에 있어서 NTM 폐질환의 여부 및 원인균에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 7월까지 본원에서 객담 및 기관지 세척액 등 호흡기 검체를 통해 항상균 도말 및 배양검사가 의뢰된 검체에서 NTM이 분리된 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. NTM 폐질환의 진단은 미국흉부학회 진단 기준을 이용하였으며 환자들의 원인균, 임상적 및 방사선적 특징과 NTM 폐질환 발생과 치료성공에 연관된 인자에 대하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 57명의 환자로부터 의뢰된 100개의 호흡기 검체에서 NTM균이 분리되었다. 미국 흉부학회의 NTM 폐질환 진단 기준에 따라 57명의 환자 중 26명(45.6%)가 NTM 폐질환을 가지고 있었으며 원인균은 M. intracellulare 19명(73.1%), M. abscessus 5명(19.2%), M. fortuitum 1명(3.8%), M. chelonae 1명(3.8%)의 순이었다. 균종에 따른 발병력은 M. intracellulare 67.9%(19/28명), M. abscessus 41.7%(5/12명)로 높았으며 M. fortuitum 14.3%(1/7명), M. chelonae 25%(1/4명)였다. NTM 폐질환 발생과 연관된 인자는 객담 도말양성(odds ratio=6.3, p=0.02), 분리된 균이 MAC 또는 M. abscessus인 경우(odds ratio=6.9, p=0.007)와 관련되어 있었다. NTM 폐질환 환자의 치료성공률은 57.7%(15/26명)이었으며 치료성공과 관련된 인자는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론 : 본원의 NTM이 분리된 환자 중 NTM 폐질환 비율은 높았으며 원인균에 있어서 MAC, M. abscessuss순이었다. 그리고 NTM 폐질환 발생과 연관된 인자는 객담 도말양성, 분리된 균이 MAC 또는 M. abscessus인 경우와 관련되어 있었다.

비결핵 항산균 폐질환의 진단에서 기관지내시경술의 유용성 (Usefulness of Bronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease)

  • 전경만;고원중;권오정;강은해;서지영;정만표;김호중;김태성;이경수;이남용;한정호
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.242-249
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    • 2004
  • 연구배경 : 기관지확장증을 가진 환자의 객담에서 NTM이 분리되는 경우 집락상태와 폐침범을 구별하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 기관지확장증과 다발성 결절이 관찰되는 환자에서 NTM 폐질환을 진단하는데 기관지 내시경술의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 4월부터 2003년 6월까지 흉부 전산화단층촬영에서 기관지확장증과 동반된 다발성 결절로 NTM 폐질환이 의심되어, 기관지내시경을 통해 기관지폐포세척술과 경기관지폐생검을 시행한 48명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 48명의 환자 중 여자가 34명(71%)이었고, 연령은 중앙값 60세(범위 21-80세)였다. 최종진단은 NTM 폐질환 26명(54%; M. abscessus 14명, MAC 12명), 기관지 확장증에 동반된 비특이적 세기관지염 15명(31%), 폐결핵 3명(6%) 등이었다. 기관지내시경 시행 전 객담에서 3회 이상 NTM이 분리된 환자 21명 중 6명(29%)에서 경기관지폐생검 조직 도말 양성, 14명(67%)에서 조직 배양 양성, 5명(24%)에서 육아종이 관찰되어 전체적으로 16명(76%)에서 NTM 폐 침범의 소견을 확인하였다. 객담검사만으로 NTM 폐질환을 진단하지 못한 27명의 환자 중 3명의 폐결핵 환자를 제외한 24명의 환자 중 5명(21%)에서 기관지내시경 검사를 통해서 NTM 폐질환을 진단할 수 있었다. 시술 후 발열이 25명(52%), 기흉이 1명(2%)에서 발생하였다. 결 론 : 흉부 전산화단층촬영에서 기관지확장증과 동반된 다발성 결절이 관찰되면서 객담에서 NTM이 여러 차례 분리되는 환자에서 기관지내시경술은 NTM의 폐조직침범을 확인하는데 도움이 될 수 있으며, NTM 폐질환이 의심되지만 객담검사만으로 NTM 폐질환 진단기준을 만족하지 못하는 환자에서 기관지내시경술은 NTM 폐질환의 진단에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare Infection in an Immunocompetent Host

  • Kim, Won-Young;Jang, Sun-Joo;Ok, Tae-Jin;Kim, Gwang-Un;Park, Han-Seung;Leem, Jae-Chan;Kang, Bo-Hyoung;Park, Se-Jeong;Oh, Dong-Kyu;Kang, Byung-Ju;Lee, Bo-Young;Ji, Won-Jun;Shim, Tae-Sun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제72권5호
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    • pp.452-456
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    • 2012
  • Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection can occur in immunocompromised patients, and rarely in immunocompetent subjects. Due to the extensive distribution of the disease, clinical presentation of disseminated MAC may mimic malignancies, and thorough examinations are required in order to make accurate diagnosis. We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare disease in an immunocompetent patient, which involved the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and multiple bones. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography imaging showed multiple hypermetabolic lesions, which are suggestive of typical hematogenous metastasis. However, there was no evidence of malignancy in serial biopsies, and M. intracellulare was repeatedly cultured from respiratory specimens and bones. Herein, we should know that disseminated infection can occur in the immunocompetent subjects, and it can mimic malignancies.

2015~2020년 동안 인천 지역 단일기관에서의 비결핵항산균 분포 및 항균제 내성률 (Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria during 2015~2020: A Single-Center Study in Incheon, South Korea)

  • 김지우;주효진;구제현;이혜영;박현환;송경철;김자영
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.225-232
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 인천지역에 위치한 단일기관의 비결핵항산균의 분포 및 항균제 내성률과 동반 세균 빈도를 조사한 것으로, 2015년부터 2020년까지 TB/NTM real-time PCR 검사가 의뢰된 8,258건의 환자 데이터를 후향적으로 검토하였다. 총 296건의 검체가 NTM 양성이었고, 발생률은 2015년 2.5% (30/1,209)에서 2020년 3.8% (66/1,740)로 증가하였다. NTM으로 확인된 296건 중, 54.7% (162/296)는 M. avium complex (MAC)에 속하는 균종으로 확인되었고, 그다음으로 M. abscessus complex (MABC) 20.9% (62/296), M. fortuitum 6.4%(19/296) 및 M. flavescens 3.4% (10/296) 순이었다. NTM 양성 검체 중, 약제내성검사가 의뢰된 검체는 76.7% (227/296)였다. 다제내성 NTM은 40.1% (91/227)였고, 광범위 내성 NTM은 59.9% (136/227)였다. NTM과 동시 감염은 43.4% (63/145)이었고 가장 흔한 균종은 Klebsiella pneumonia (23.8%, 15/63)였다. 본 연구는 인천지역의 NTM 분포 및 항균제 내성률과 동반 세균 빈도에 관한 최초 보고이다. NTM 감염의 비율은 점차적으로 증가하는 추세이며 효과적인 관리를 위해 적극적인 진료와 철저한 감염관리가 필요할 것이다.