• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2004

뽕나무가루 첨가 배지에서 배양한 느타리버섯균사체 배양물의 조추출물이 자유라다칼로 유도한 linloeic acid의 산화를 대조구에 비해 75.9% 감소시켰고, mouse liver microsome산화에서도 NADPH/Fe$^{++}$ system에서 64.3% 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 효과는 조추출물로부터 용매분획한 분획물의 단독 효과보다 우수하였다. 상황 및 동충하초버섯균사체 배양물의 조추출물도 느타리 버섯균사체 배양물의 조추출물과 효과가 유사하였지만 다소 낮았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 18권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1990

Thiabendazole이 느타리버섯 재배에서 발생하는 푸른곰광이병에 방제약제로서의 가능성을 조사한바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한천배지상에서 원제농도가 50ppm 처리구에서는 ASI 2001, 2072, 2016, 100 ppm에서는 ASI 2018, 500 ppm에서는 ASI 2070호가 균사생장이 억제되었다. 2. 볏짚의 침수시 처리된 약제의 농도 중 0.2g/1000ml 이상의 처리구에서 느타리버섯 균사생장이 억제되기 시작하였다. 3. 공시약제의 모든 처리는 푸른곰광이 병원균의 처리구와 푸른곰팡이 병원균과 느타리버섯균의 혼합처리구에서도 컬럼의 하단부에 푸른곰장이병의 발생을 발견할 수 없었다. 4. 살균 전 균상표면에 약제를 농도별로 표면살포한 결과 방제효과는 $2g/m^2$ 과 $5g/m^2$의 처리구에서 병해가 발생하지 않았으며, 수량성은 $5g/m^2$ 처리구에서 가장 수량이 높았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2006

본 연구는 식물병원성곰팡이에 대한 곤충 혈액 및 유충체의 항곰팡이 활성을 조사하였다. 집누에, 장수풍뎅이, 흰점박이 꽃무지 모두 곰팡이 저해활성을 나타냈으며, 집누에의 계통간 비교에서는 1087계통의 활성이 가장 높았다. 또한, 혈액보다는 유충체를 이용한 경우가 더 강한 항곰팡이 활성을 나타냈다. 곤충의 항곰팡이 활성은 곰팡이균주에 따라 다르며, 본 연구에 사용된 3종은 A. panax, C. gloeosporioides 및 P. oryzae 균에 항곰팡이 활성을 가진다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2009

A total of 23 isolates of Botrytis cinerea causing the grey mold were collected from infected ginseng in several fields of Korea. The sensitivity to carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim plus diethofencarb was determined through a mycelial inhibition test on PDA amended with or without fungicides. B. cinerea isolates were classified as 3 phenotypes, which were the first phenotype resistant to both of carbendazim and the mixture ($Car^RMix^R$), the second one resistant to carbendazim and sensitive to the mixture ($Car^RMix^S$), and the last one sensitive to both of them ($Car^RMix^S$). Carbendazim resistance correlated with a single mutation $\beta$-tubulin gene of B. cinerea amplified with primer pair tubkjhL and tubkjhR causing a change of glutamate to alanine at amino acid position 198. Furthermore, the substitution of valine for glutamate led the resistance to carbendazim and the mixture at the same position of amino acid. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using the restriction endonuclease, Tsp451 and BstUI allowed differentiation of the PCR fragment of $\beta$-tubulin gene of $Car^SMix^S$ isolates from that of $Car^RMix^R$ and $Car^RMix^S$ isolates. This method will aid in a fast detection of resistance of carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim plus diethofencarb in B. cinerea in ginseng field.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2017

Chemical management of dollar spot in turf may lead to the development of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa populations with reduced fungicide sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate resistance of S. homoeocarpa isolates to triazole fungicides and to test cross-resistance among three triazole fungicides. A total of 66 isolates of S. homoeocarpa were collected from 15 golf courses across Korea, and tested via in vitro sensitivity assay against hexaconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole. $EC_{50}$ values of the isolates to these fungicides were distributed in the range of $0.001-1.1\;a.\;i.\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Based on the $EC_{50}$ values, twelve representative strains were selected as sensitive isolates including control and insensitive isolates with respect to each fungicide. At a concentration of $0.1\;a.\;i.\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ for all fungicides, the selected strains were distinguished as sensitive or resistant isolates with the mycelial growth inhibition rate of 50% as the criterion. The $EC_{50}$ values of resistant strains exposed to hexaconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole were 20-50 times, 50-70 times, and 77 times greater, respectively, than that of the control strains. Two isolates of S. homoeocarpa S0-41 and Sh14-2-1 showed sensitivity toward all the fungicides used, while two other isolates Sh7-5-1 and Sh2-1-1 showed resistance to all fungicides. Each isolate showed similar resistance to the three types of triazole fungicides, whereby cross-resistance of isolates was confirmed in the present study; all three triazole fungicide combinations displayed significant correlation coefficients equivalent to or greater than 0.8.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 1998

21과 30종의 약용식물의 Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1(brown patch)와 R. solani AG2-2(large patch)에 대한 항균활성을 조사한 결과 계피, 목단피, 백선피가 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. R. solani AG1-1에 있어 계피와 목단피는 100％ methanol로 추출한 것이 활성이 가장 높게 나왔으며 백선피는 80％ methanol로 추출한 것이 높게 나왔다. 반면에 R. solani AG2-2에 있어서는 모두 100％ methanol에서 활성이 가장 높게 나왔다. 농도별 활성은 이들 조추출물의 500배 희석액에서 60%이상 공시균주의 균사생장이 억제되었다. 항균specturum은 목단피가 가장 넓었다. 계피조추출물은 250배이상 희석액에서 목단피의 조추출물은 100배이상 희석액에서 약해를 나타내지 않았으며 백선피의 조추출물은 전혀 약해를 나타내지 않았다. 처리 30일후 방제가는 목단피 처리구 75.0％, 백선피 처리구 79.1%로였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2012

In vitro and greenhouse screening of seven rhizobacterial isolates, AB05, AB10, AB11, AB12, AB14, AB15 and AB17, was conducted to investigate the plant growth promoting activities and inhibition against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in pepper. According to identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing, the majority of the isolates are members of Bacillus and a single isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. All seven bacterial isolates were capable of inhibiting C. acutatum to various degrees. The results primarily showed that antibiotic substances produced by the selected bacteria were effective and resulted in strong antifungal activity against the fungi. However, isolate AB15 was the most effective bacterial strain, with the potential to suppress more than 50% mycelial growth of C. acutatum in vitro. Moreover, antibiotics from Paenibacillus polymyxa (AB15) and volatile compounds from Bacillus subtilis (AB14) exerted efficient antagonistic activity against the pathogens in a dual culture assay. In vivo suppression activity of selected bacteria was also analyzed in a greenhouse with the reference to their prominent in vitro antagonism efficacy. Induced systemic resistance in pepper against C. acutatum was also observed under greenhouse conditions. Where, isolate AB15 was found to be the most effective bacterial strain at suppressing pepper anthracnose under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, four isolates, AB10, AB12, AB15, and AB17, were identified as the most effective growth promoting bacteria under greenhouse conditions, with AB17 inducing the greatest enhancement of pepper growth.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.228-241
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• 2016

In our previous study, we reported that a novel endophytic bacterium Bacillus oryzicola YC7007 has suppressed bacterial diseases of rice via induced systemic resistance and antibiotic production. This endophytic strain, B. oryzicola YC7007 was used as a biological control agent against bakanae disease of rice caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, and its mechanism of interaction with the pathogen and the rice was further elucidated. Root drenching with B. oryzicola YC7007 suspension reduced the disease severity of bakanae significantly when compared with the untreated controls. The treatments of B. oryzicola YC7007 suspension ($2.0{\times}10^7cfu/ml$) to the rice rhizosphere reduced bakanae severity by 46-78% in pots and nursery box tests containing autoclaved and non-autoclaved soils. Moreover, in the detached rice leaves bioassay, the development of necrotic lesion and mycelial expansion of F. fujikuroi were inhibited significantly by spraying the culture filtrate of B. oryzicola YC7007. Drenching of ethyl acetate extracts of the culture filtrate to the rhizosphere of rice seedlings also reduced the bakanae disease severity in the plant culture dish tests. With the root drenching of B. oryzicola YC7007 suspension, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was observed at an early stage of rice seedlings, and a hormonal defense was elicited with and without pathogen inoculation. Our results showed that the strain B. oryzicola YC7007 had a good biocontrol activity against the bakanae disease of rice by direct inhibition, and was also capable of inducing systemic resistance against the pathogen via primed induction of the jasmonic acid pathway.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.598-608
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• 2019

Endophytic fungi have received much attention as plant growth promoters as well as biological control agents against many plant pathogens. In this study, 30 endophytic fungal species, isolated from various plants in China, were evaluated using in vitro dual culture assay against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, causing wilt in cucumber. The results of the present study clearly showed that all the 30 endophytic fungal isolates were highly capable of inhibiting the mycelial colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with inhibition % over 66% as compared to control treatments. Among all of them, 5 isolates were highly effective such as, Penicillium sp., Guignardia mangiferae, Hypocrea sp., Neurospora sp., Eupenicillium javanicum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, respectively. The Penicillium sp. and Hypocrea sp. were highly effective as compared to other isolates. From in vitro results 10 best isolates were selected for greenhouse studies. The results of the greenhouse studies showed that among all of them 3 endophytic fungal isolates successfully suppressed wilt severity when co-inoculation with pathogen Fusarium. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. The endophytic fungi also enhanced plant growth parameters of the host plants, the antagonistic fungal isolates increased over all plant height, aerial fresh, and dry weight as compared to control.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1994

좀구멍버섯균(Schizopora paradoxa)은 백색 부후 균으로 망간이 배지에 첨가되지 않으면 MNP와 GOX는 동시에 생성되지 않았으며 고농도의 망간 첨가시 (40ppm)에는 기본적 농도(11.15ppm)에 비해 MNP와 GOX가 모두 높은 활성을 보였다. 그러나 망간농도에 따른 균사생장량에는 별 차이가 없었다. 구리와 veratryl alcohol에 대해서도 같은 실험을 실시하였으나 농도에 따른 MNP와 GOX의 변화가 상관관계를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. MNP와 GOX의 생성조절과 관련하여 cAMP의 영향을 조사한 결과 cAMP생성효소 억제제인 atropine을 농도별로 배양액에 첨가시 정도의 차이는 있었으나 MNP와 GOX생성이 동시에 억제되었다.