• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.64
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• pp.59-84
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• 2013

It has been 10 years since KBS first broadcasted TV program for the purpose of expanding mutual criticism among Korean mass media. This study conducted a content analysis of KBS episodes for the last 10 years. Through the content analysis, this study explored what the program had showed us in the aspects of 'the subject of criticism', 'the ground of criticism', 'the attribution of criticism'. The content analysis could show meaningful results to the study of media criticism, because it not only provides a meta-analysis of the problems Korean mass media have had for the last 10 years but also examines the program has been consistent in the regard of criticism fairness. The result of this study showed that has pointed out the practices of unfairness, political bias and superficial and shallow reporting as the most critical problems the Korean mass media have. Also, the result showed that had not been consistent in the regards of 'the subject of criticism', 'the ground of criticism', 'the attribution of criticism'. While the program mostly focused on the problems of political bias and unfairness in the early stage, the focus of criticism moved to the problems of sensationalism and superficial reporting laster. This study discussed that the change of criticism might have a relation with the change of KBS governance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.83-96
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• 2008

Using a sample of 107 married couples, this study investigated the influence of self-reported argument-communication behaviors on marital satisfaction. The results were as follows. (a) Wives used more criticism, contempt, and self-assertion during marital arguments than husbands. There were no significant gender differences in the levels of defensiveness, stonewalling, and active listening. (b) Multilevel analyses indicated that marital satisfaction was predicted by the person's own level of self-assertion and stonewalling(i.e., actor effects) and by his or her spouse's level of stonewalling(i.e., partner effect). No other significant actor and partner effects were found. Also, there were no significant gender differences in the sizes of effects. (c) A cluster analysis of both spouses' communication behaviors during marital arguments identified four distinct groups of married couples. : mutual constructive, husband constructive-wife destructive, husband destructive-wife constructive, and mutual destructive. Mutual constructive couples reported the best marital satisfaction.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.40
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• pp.39-76
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• 2022

The two religious ethics, Christianity's 'love your enemies' and Daesoon Jinrihoe's 'grievance-resolution for mutual beneficence', can be misunderstood as similar. The misunderstanding arises from these religious ethics having something in common that specifically points to a particular object, called an enemy, and contains instructions to treat that object altruistically. However, from the perspective of Religious Ethics, the two teachings are not the same. The beliefs they are based upon are different, the religious character they pursue is different, and their processes of obtaining legitimacy, logic, and implementation are different. The most distinct difference between these ethics is that the Christian ethic focuses on a victim's role whereas Daesoon Jinrihoe ethic emphasizes the roles of both victims and perpetrators. In case of 'love your enemies,' if a perpetrator turns away from a victim and believes that they would be forgiven for their sin, the victim is unlikely to practice the teaching 'love your enemies.' Accordingly, to avoid criticism over cases wherein love of an enemy is nothing but a shallow grace, the roles of the two sides should be more highlighted than that of the absolute being. As for grievance-resolution for mutual beneficence, this teaching encourages victims to resolve their grievance with a goal of mutual beneficence. The perpetrator should likewise resolve the grievances and grudges of their victim with the aim of mutual beneficence. Jeungsan especially stressed that perpetrators have to resolve 'Cheok (慼: the resentment and grievances that someone holds against the one who victimized them)' through the ethic of grievance-resolution in order for living well. In other words, 'the ethic of Cheok-resolution' is an ethic wherein the perpetrator also plays an important role in the implementation of grievance-resolution for mutual beneficence.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1986

In life insurance the goal of medical examination is to exclude medical, environmental adverse-selection to the utmost. And keeping the principle of equity and the homogeneity of risk in the group of the insured, you are able to manage the company reasonably and realize the orginal ideal of life insurance, namely, the mutual assistance. And yet, the cases of the misrepresentation have been occurred frequently so far. As a result of them, the development of life insurance industry has been obstructed, and public criticism has been caused. Carrying medical examination, you have to know how the representation is important, And citing what the misrepresentation and false representation influenced the results, I want you to refer to medical exam-business.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.185-219
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• 2009

This article aims to illuminate the comic characters and their humor in Dickens's novel David Copperfield in Bakhtinian point, and to clarify what the humorous characteristics are, and how they contribute to his reinforcement of socially critical messages in this novel. So far this novel has been called the only one of Dickens's comic novels, even though it includes lots of social critical meanings. But it is true that Dickensian critics couldn't make sure of the clear reasons why it is both very interesting and critical. Furthermore, it is also true that this novel has been criticized as a clumsy one in the realistic, psycho-analytic, dramatic angle. This approach to Dickensian comic characters through Bakhtinian fool, clown, and rogue concepts here could make up for or correct such criticisms, and reevaluate Dickens's humor and social criticisms in the context of general public culture. Bakhtin believes oppression by social ideologies prevent us from having good mutual relationships and divides our society. He thinks laughter liberates us from such oppression and restores our good relationships. As he applied his concepts based on the laughter of Middle Ages to Rabelais's novels, and examined what the authentically liberating power in Rabelais's laughter is, this article could clarify the liberating power of laughter by Dickens's comic characters, such as Mr and Mrs Micawber, Dick, Miss Betsey Trotwood and Miss Mowcher. In this novel, they often lead comic happenings, and such happenings are very similar to carnival-amusements including burning the dummy of the czar who has oppressed his or her citizenry. Especially, Dickens's comic characters's social criticisms, in the case of this novel, contain many complaints of social marginers, even though he has been labelled as being conservative politically. They always criticize the ideological absurdities in their society through the humorous words and behaviors in their comic happenings, like those of a carnival fool or clown in his or her amusements. This shows Dickens achieves both laughter and social criticism in David Copperfield by using Rabelaisian characterization-devices based on his general public culture. Like Bakhtin and Rabelais, Dickens seems to have believed that when we all truly liberate ourselves from the oppression of social ideologies, we can have desirable relationships between ourselves, and also solve social problems positively.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 1990

In light of the recent developments of transitory nature, it is likely that national defense decision-making will be more difficult to make for years to come. In other words, sudden changes in security environment would call into question the basic assumptions on which we have built our national defense planning and increase the number of the uncertain factors in the decision-making process; the subdivision and ramification of national defense management would increase the factors for decision-making and complicate even further the mutual interactions among these factors; the accelerated pace of sophistication and diversification of weapon systems and military technology would increase the risk of failure and system costs geometrically; and the reduced level of acceptance among the people on the sanctification of national defense in proportion to the rapid progress toward a more democratic and industrial society would engender an increased criticism or checking role by the National Assembly or by the mass media. As the changes in national defense environment and conditions create an innumerable number of new tasks, this paper intends to suggest a few core policy measures to improve the quality of national defense decision-making. More specifically, it proposes to 1) eradicate entirely the bureaucratic behavior and tendencies; 2) utilize actively the brain staff for quality assurance of decision-making; 3) and introduce and apply as a whole set, a total system, or an incorporated pack age the PPBEES(Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Executing-Evaluating-System)/LCMM (Life-Cycle Management Model for System Acquision), the OR/SA(Operations Research/Systems Analysis), and DMIS (Defense Management Information System).

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2014

Purpose: This study has been carried out to help to enhance the measures of interprofessional collaboration between Dental personnel and dental technicians, and between dental technicians themselves through the analysis of recognition of interprofessional collaboration between dental technicians. Methods: The subjects in this study were 130 dental technicians who were self-written questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The collected data was analyzed by frequency and Correlation. Results: As a result of examining the correlation analysis of each question to explore the factors that affect interprofessional collaboration recognition of dental technicians, the group which received criticism from dental personnel showed negative (-) correlation in the interprofessional collaboration recognition (p<0.05). The following groups showed positive (+) correlations in the recognition of interprofessional collaboration : the group who replied that they can utilize information on the patients associated with the prosthesis production (p<0.01); the group who thinks that they are sharing common goals (P<0.01); and the group who replied that Dental personnel are familiar with patients (p<0.01). The following groups also showed higher positive (+) correlations in the recognition of interprofessional collaboration : the group who replied that they frequently discuss patient's information with Dental personnel (p<0.01); the group who thinks they have mutual confidence in one another (p<0.01); the group who thinks that cooperation among their colleagues in dental technique laboratories are being done well (p<0.01); and the group that has high job satisfaction (p<0.01). Conclusion: Effective communication and team work between human resources for providing medical service of the facility are essential for safe and high-quality medical service to patients. Further, such elements are directly connected to efficiency of the entire team. The reliability between dental technician and Dental personnel for cooperation should not be neglected therefore continuous interests in inter-cooperative partnership is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2015

Fashion is changing and evolving everyday with an influence from and over contemporary socio-cultural factors. Cartoons expressing the phenomena of times through exchanges of mutual effects with socio-cultural factors that result from functionality and media characteristics. This study examines how fashion provides a great correlation with society-culture expressed in cartoons. The research segment of this study was conducted with literature and case studies; in addition, the UK cartoon magazine "Punch" was selected for the case study. The research findings of the fashion satire expression in cartoon were divided into 2 cases. The first case is that fashion was used as an instrument to satirize socio-cultural phenomena in cartoons. Various fashion elements (hats, dresses, words on T-shirts) were used for satiric expressions and to express periodic images related to politics, economics, society and culture. It communicated factually or criticized noteworthy phenomenon or age changes through the symbolism of fashion. The second case is that fashion itself is the object of satire in a cartoon. It satirically described the blind following and destruction of stereotype as direct objects. Fashion satire appeared in cartoons regardless of a correlation with age. Each cartoon fashion satire had meaning in both humor and criticism for satirizing the age. This study shows that fashion symbolism for satire of the reality has been used as the instrument of expression and simultaneously expressed as the object of the critique as an image and phenomenon that reflects reality. This study has significance in that it examined expressive modes of fashion satire in cartoons that escape from separating fashion from cartoon as a different area.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.483-509
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• 2008

For the last decades, criticism on Frankenstein has tried to make a link between Victor's Creature and Rousseaurean "man in a state of nature." Like the Rousseaurean savage in a state of animal, the monster has only basic instincts least needed for his survival, i.e. self-preservation, but turns into a civilized man after learning language. Most critics argue that, despite the monster's acquisition of language, his failure in entry into a cultural and linguistic community is the outcome of a lack of sympathy for him by others, which displays the stark existence of epistemological barriers between them. That is to say, the monster imagines his being the same as others in the pre-linguistic stage but, in the linguistic stage, he realizes that he is different from others. Interpreting the Rousseaurean idea of language, which appears in his writings, as much more focused on emotion than many critics think, I read the dispute between Victor and his Creature as a variation of parent-offspring conflict. Shelley criticizes Rousseau's parental negligence in putting his children into a foundling hospital and leaving them dying there. The monster's revenge on uncaring Victor parallels the likely retaliation Rousseau's displaced children would perform against Rousseau, which Shelley imaginatively reproduces in her novel. The conflict between the monster and Victor is due to a disrupted attachment between parent and child in terms of Darwinian developmental psychology. Affective asynchrony between parent and child, which refers to a state of lack of mutual favorable feelings, accounts for numerous dysfunctional families. This paper shifts a focus from a semiotics-oriented perspective on the monster's social isolation to a Darwinian perspective, drawing attention to emotional problems transpiring in familial interactions. In doing so, it finds that language is a means of communicating one's internal emotions to others along with other means such as facial expressions and body movements. It also demonstrates that how to promote emotional well-being in either familial or social relationships entirely depends on the way in which one employs language that can entail either pleasure or anger on hearers' part.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.903-941
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• 2012

This essay examines Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism focusing on the concepts of 'culture,' 'empire,' and 'nation'. The approach is critical, theoretical, and historical rather than explicatory. Consequently, the range of the essay is not limited to Said's own explanation and argument about Western imperialism and its culture presented in the book. In doing this, this essay finally purposes to be a discursive resistance to the current global empire, the United States, via a critical reading of Said's work. Said's notion of culture is set upon to disclose the function of culture as an apparatus of ideological consent of the dominated to the dominant. When applied to imperial practice, Western culture functions to subject the colonized to the colonizer. Said's geographical approach to imperialism complements the historical understanding of imperialism. Imperialism is not only the practice of Western-centered historicism but also the spatially mutual interaction between the West and the rest of the world. Along with European imperialism, Said poses the current global empire of the United States as his main target of criticism. Said's problem is that he takes the United States as a nation-state. When examined, the United States is not a nation-state, but today's empire. The empire in the appearance of the nation-state United States does not work for the interest of the American nation, that is, the American people. The empire is the transnational and postnational political and economic institution that works for the interest of global capital. In order to resist the current global empire, this essay suggests that the building or restoration of nation-states with its basic principle of people's sovereignty is in need.