• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2011

Mushrooms belonging to macrofungi have been consumed by humans for their nutritional and medicinal values for centuries throughout the world. Mushroom farming is practiced in more than 100 countries of the world, with production increasing at a rate of 7% per annum. High yield and good quality are always the principal goals for agriculturally important crops, including mushrooms. Several breeding methods are employed for strain improvement such as mass selection based on the natural chance mutation and induced mutation (mutation breeding), protoplast fusion technology, cross breeding and transgenic breeding. However, mutation breeding has shown prominent success in crop plant improvement. Though several-hundred mutant crop varieties have been developed around the world, the mutation breeding of mushrooms is limited. This review paper explores the potential application of radiation on the development of mutant varieties of mushrooms for breeding with desired traits such as better quality and productivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2009

TIAF1 is a TGF-${\beta}$1-induced anti-apoptotic factor that plays a critical role in blocking TNF (tumor necrosis factor) cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblasts and participates in TGF-${\beta}$-mediated growth regulation. In this study, we obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of the porcine TIAF1 gene. Real-time PCR further revealed that the TIAF1 gene was expressed at the highest level in liver and kidney with prominent expressions detected in uterus, and lower levels detected in heart, spleen, lung, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle and fat of Large White pigs. Sequence analysis indicated that a 6 base-pair deletion mutation existed in the exon of the TIAF1 gene between Meishan and Large White pigs. This mutation induced deletion of Gln and Val amino acids. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism in 394 pigs of a "Large White${\times}$Meishan" $F_{2}$ resource population and four purebred pig populations. The frequencies of the A allele (with a 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Chinese Meishan and Bamei pigs, and the frequencies of the B allele (no 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Large White and Landrace pigs. Association analyses revealed that the deletion mutation had highly significant associations (p<0.01) with meat marbling score of the thorax-waist longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (MM1) and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), and significant associations (p<0.05) with carcass length (CL). The results presented here supply evidence that the 6 bp deletion mutation in the TIAF1 gene affects porcine meat quality and provides useful information for further porcine breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1543-1545
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• 2002

A T$\longrightarrow$A mutation in the promoter region of porcine myostatin (MSTN) gene has been identified in our previous work. This study analyzed the associations of the myostatin genotypes (TT, TA) caused by this mutation with birth weigh in Yorkshire pigs. Data from 211 unrelated individuals were collected three times from one breeding farm. Detections of the mutation were carried out by PCR-RFLPs approach. The effects of MSTN genotypes (TT and TA) on birth weight were compared by least square means. The results showed that for birth weight of Yorkshire pigs, individuals with TA genotype were significantly higher than those with TT genotype (p<0.05), and the birth weight for pigs with TA genotype were 1.37 kg in average but only 1.25 kg for pigs with TT genotype, indicating a positive effect of birth weight for A allele.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2020

Flower industry is now growing due to the development of economy in many countries. Simultaneously, needs from consumers in flower market are varied widely. To satisfy the needs from consumers and deal with a variety of diseases from a lots of pathogens as well as climate change, new elite flower cultivars should be released in flower market. For this purpose, conventional and biotechnological techniques can be employed to make good cultivar. Therefore, this review describes the general overview of flower breeding techniques including cross-hybridization, mutation breeding and genetic transformation systems. Also, breeding systems for ornamentals derived from plant tissue culture such as embryo culture, in vitro fertilization, ovary/ovule culture and haploid production were reviewed. Furthermore, in this study recent development of the generation of new flower cultivars using marker-assisted breeding, plant transformation including particle bombardment and Agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as genome-editing technology were described. This review will be contributed to the development and releasement of new flower cultivars with horticulturally useful traits in the future.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2007

Increasing genetic variability with mutagenic agents has been broadly employed in plant breeding because it has the potential to alter one or more desirable traits. In this study, a molecular analysis assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms(AFLPs) and a morphological analysis based on seedlings subjected to aluminum stress were compared. Also, an analysis of allelic frequencies was performed to observe unique alleles present in the pool. Genetic distances ranging from 0.448 to 0.953 were observed, suggesting that mutation inducing was effective in generating variability. The genetic distances based on morphological data ranged from 0(genotypes 22 and 23) to 30.38(genotypes 15 and 29). In the analysis of allelic frequency, 13 genotypes presented unique alleles, suggesting that mutation inducing was also targeting unique sites. Mutants with good performance under aluminum stress(9, 15, 18 and 27) did not form the same clusters when morphological and molecular analyses were compared, suggesting that different genomic regions may be responsible for their better performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.489-493
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• 2008

In 2004, Jorgensen and coworkers proposed the MUC4 gene as a candidate gene of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor in piglets and a mutation of $G{\rightarrow}C$ in intron 7 of MUC4 was identified to be associated with the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes. In this study, we used 310 piglets of three breeds (Landrace, Large White and Chinese Songliao Black) to analyze the relationship between this mutation and the F4ab/ac adhesion phenotype. The results show that the genotypes at this site and the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes were not completely consistent, although they are very strongly associated. Among the individuals with genotype CC, which was identified as a resistant genotype to F4ab/ac adhesion, only 72.1% (124/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ab and 77.9% (134/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ac infections. This suggests that this mutation may not be the causative mutation for ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion, rather, the actual causative mutation may be in another gene closely linked to MUC4, or at aother site within the MUC4 gene. Our results also suggest that the receptors of F4ab and F4ac may be determined by two different but closely linked loci. In order to screen other genes related to F4ab/ac adhesion in piglets, the mRNA profiles from six full sib piglets, of which three were adhesive to ETEC F4ab/ac and three non-adhesive, were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). One up-regulated gene, Ep-CAM, was selected for further analysis based on its role in the intestinal epithelial cells adhesion. Using real-time RT-PCR, we found that the Ep-CAM gene was significantly up-regulated in the piglets adhesive to F4ab/ac. It was mapped to SSC3q11-q14 by radiation hybrid mapping.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2012

A total of 423 blood samples were collected (during 2009 and 2010) from all the ram holdings at three major Jordanian governmental Awassi breeding stations (Al-Khanasry, Al- Mushairfa and Al-Fjaje) and two private flocks. All blood samples were screened for the presence of mutations at the CNGA3 gene (responsible for day blindness in Awassi sheep) using RFLP-PCR. The day blindness mutation was detected in all studied flocks. The overall allele and genotype frequencies of all studied flocks of the day blindness mutation were 0.088 and 17.49%, respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies were higher in station flocks than the farmer flocks (0.121, 24.15 and 0.012, 2.32, respectively). Al-Mushairfa and Al-Khanasry stations have the highest genotype and allele frequencies for the day blindness mutation that were 27.77, 30.00% and 0.14, 0.171, respectively. The investigated farmer flocks have low percentages (0.03, 5.88% at Al-Shoubak and 0.005 and 1.05%, at Al-Karak, respectively for genotype and allele frequencies) compared with the breeding stations. Ram culling strategy was applied throughout the genotyping period in order to gradually eradicate this newly identified day blindness mutation from Jordanian Breeding station, since they annually distribute a high percentage of improved rams to farmer's flocks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2006

Oviduct-specific glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) is implicated in playing a role in fertilization and early embryo development. In this study, we have obtained the sequence of intron 9 of OVGP1 gene in swine. Comparative sequencing of Meishan (a native Chinese breed) and Large White pig breeds revealed an A/T substitution at position 943. A PCR-EcoRI-RFLP assay was developed to detect this mutation. Polymorphism analysis in Qingping animals showed that pigs with BB genotype had lower number of piglets born alive (NBA) in multiple parities than pigs with AA (p<0.05) and AB genotype (p<0.01). In Large $White{\times}Meishan$ ($LW{\times}M$) $F_2$ offspring, the weight of both ovaries (OW) of the BB genotype was significantly lighter than that of AB (p = 0.05) and AA (p<0.01) genotypes. Analysis of the data also revealed that the mutation locus affected these two traits mostly by additive effects. These studies indicated that the polymorphism was associated with NBA and OW in two distinct populations and further investigations in more purebreds or crossbreds are needed to confirm these results.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

To investigate dose-effect of a chemical mutagen, sodium azide on a rice elite line, Suweon472, seed aliquots were treated with five different concentrations of sodium azide. The degree of mutation levels of each aizde concentration were estimated by using DNA fingerprinting techniques such as RAPD and AFLP. Some selected mutant lines ($M_4$) were also subjected for DNA fingerprinting to estimate their mutation levels by comparing the banding patterns of the wild type, Suweon 472. RAPD and AFLP fingerprinting patterns indicated that dose-effect of different azide concentrations was not clear. With allele description of detected AFLPs among favorable mutant lines, it was possible to discriminate each mutant line from others which have similar phenotypes and reactions against pathogens. AFLP fingerprinting patterns of waxy mutant lines, otherwise, were highly homogeneous as well as their phenotypic and agronomic characters.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.27-27
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• 2017

The rapid growth of world population, reduction of cultivated areas for crop production, and detrimental effects of pests, diseases, and climate changes have required to breed new rice cultivars with high yield, accepted quality, but strong resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, traditional breeding needs much time to breed a new cultivar, whereas the successful use of molecular breeding is still questionable. We have developed a novel mutation which allow to cross many rice cultivars together with low segregation, that allow to breed a new cultivar in only several cropping. The mechanism has been unknown, but we suggest that gene linkage may play a crucial role, of which the semi dwarf gene might be the center gene for gene linkage occurrence. The phenomenon of this possible gene linkage is contrary to Mendel rules, but it is promising to breed new rice cultivars, of which, the most elite genes in rice might be able to gather in a targeted rice variety.