• 정보과학회 논문지
• /
• 제43권9호
• /
• pp.974-982
• /
• 2016

프로그램 변이 분석은 분석대상 프로그램의 코드를 변형한 다양한 프로그램 변이를 활용해 분석대상 프로그램의 특성을 분석하는 기법이다. 효과적인 변이 분석을 위해서는 분석대상 프로그램의 동작을 다양하게 변화시키는 유용한 변형 연산자의 사용이 필수적이다. 현재까지 Java 프로그램을 대상으로 제안된 변이 생성 도구들은 변형 연산자의 종류가 제한적이거나, 최근 Java 언어 요소로 작성된 분석대상 프로그램의 경우 올바른 변이 생성을 지원하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 Java 프로그램을 위한 새로운 변이 생성 도구 Mutagen4J를 소개한다. Mutagen4J는 기존 연구를 통해 유용한 것으로 알려진 프로그램 변형 연산자를 추가로 지원하며, 최근 Java 언어요소를 처리함으로써, Java 프로그램에 대한 효과적인 변이 분석을 지원한다. 기존 Java 프로그램 변이 생성 도구와 비교 실험을 수행한 결과, Mutagen4J이 기존 도구보다 유용한 변이를 평균 2.3배 생성하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.571-575
• /
• 2010

클래스 수준 뮤테이션 분석(class-level mutation analysis)의 경우, 동등 뮤턴트(equivalent mutant)는 전체 뮤턴트들의 개수에서 많은 비중을 차지하기 때문에 동등 뮤턴트의 검출은 뮤테이션 수행 비용 절감에 매우 중요하다. 하지만 현재까지 클래스 수준 뮤테이션을 대상으로 동등 뮤턴트를 검출하는 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 클래스 수준 뮤테이션을 대상으로 의존성 그래프(dependency graph)를 이용하여 동등 뮤턴트를 검출하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 인트라-클래스(intra-class) 수준에서 정적분석을 수행함으로써 인트라-메소드(intra-method) 수준의 분석 방법을 사용하는 기존의 연구들이 검출할 수 없었던 클래스 수준 동등 뮤턴트를 검출할 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.140-150
• /
• 2009

Although mutation testing is potentially powerful, it is a computationally expensive testing method. To investigate how we can reduce the cost of object-oriented mutation testing, we have conducted empirical studies on class mutation operators. We applied class mutation operators to 866 classes contained in six open-source programs. An analysis of the number and the distribution of class mutants generated and preliminary data on the effectiveness of some operators are provided. Our study shows that the overall number of class mutants is smaller than for traditional mutants, which offers the possibility that class mutation can be made practically affordable.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2021

Short Tandem Repeats (STR) analysis which characterized by genetic polymorphism has been widely used in the forensic genetic fields. Unfortunately, mutation occurred in various STR loci could make it difficult to interpret STR data. Thus, the mutation rate of STR loci plays an important role for the data interpretation in human identification and paternity test. To verify the mutation of the STR loci in the Korean population, 545 trio sets (father, mother, and child) were analyzed with two commercial STR kits that include the 23 autosomal STR loci (D1S1656, TPOX, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179, D10S1248, TH01, D12S391, VWA D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, SE33, Penta E and Penta D). As a result, 36 mutations were observed in 14 STR loci. The types of mutation were also classified by the increase or decrease of the alleles. The overall mutation rate was 1.4×10^-3, and the paternal mutation rate was four times higher than that of the maternal. This study will provide more detailed criterion for human identification by the mutation rate of STR loci in the Korean population.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2015

A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the primary means of distinguishing benign from malignant in thyroid nodules. However, between 10 and 30% of the FNABs of thyroid nodules are diagnosed as 'indeterminate'. A molecular method is needed to reduce unnecessary surgery in this group. In Korea, most thyroid cancer is classic papillary type and BRAFV600E mutation is highly prevalent. Thus, this study compared the pyrosequencing method with the conventional direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis and investigated the evaluation of preoperative BRAFV600E mutation analysis as an adjunct diagnostic method with routine FNABs. Sixty-five (78.3%) of 83 histopathologically diagnosed malignant nodule revealed positive BRAFV600E mutation on pyrosequencing analysis. In detail, 65 (83.8%) of 78 papillary thyroid carcinomas sample showed positive BRAFV600E mutation. None of 29 benign nodules had in pyrodequencing, direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Out of 31 thyroid nodules classified as 'indeterminate' on cytological examination preoperatively, 28 cases turned out to be malignant: 24 papillary thyroid carcinomas. Among that, 16 (66.7%) classic papillary thyroid carcinomas had BRAFV600E mutation. Among 65 papillary thyroid carcinomas with positive BRAFV600E mutation detected by pyrosequencing analysis, each 3 cases and 5 cases did not show BRAFV600E mutation by direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis. Therefore, pyrosequencing was superior to direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP in detecting the BRAFV600E mutation of thyroid nodules (p =0.027). Detecting BRAFV600E mutation by pyrosequencing was more sensitivity, faster than direct DNA sequencing or PCR-RFLP.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 2018

Due to the fact that the ratio of their height to their openings is very large compared to normal beams, there are difficulties in the design and analysis of deep beams, which differ in behavior. In this study, the optimum horizontal and vertical reinforcement diameters of 5 different beams were determined by using genetic algorithms (GA) due to the openness/height ratio (L/h), loading condition and the presence of spaces in the body. In this study, the effect of different mutation operators and improved double times sensitive mutation (DTM) operator on GA's performance was investigated. In the study following random mutation (RM), boundary mutation (BM), non-uniform random mutation (NRM), Makinen, Periaux and Toivanen (MPT) mutation, power mutation (PM), polynomial mutation (PNM), and developed DTM mutation operators were applied to five deep beam problems were used to determine the minimum reinforcement diameter. The fitness values obtained using developed DTM mutation operator was higher than obtained from existing mutation operators. Moreover; obtained reinforcement weight of the deep beams using the developed DTM mutation operator lower than obtained from the existing mutation operators. As a result of the analyzes, the highest fitness value was obtained from the applied double times sensitive mutation (DTM) operator. In addition, it was found that this study, which was carried out using GAs, contributed to the solution of the problems experienced in the design of deep beams.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1043-1047
• /
• 2013

Although there have been many studies investigating possible associations between the C1653T mutation and risk of HCC, the results have been inconsistent. We conducted searches of the published literature in Pubmed and Embase databases up to January 2013. Seventeen studies with a total of 1,085 HCC cases and 1,365 healthy controls were retrieved. We found a significant association between the C1653T mutation and HCC risk (OR = 2.01, 95%CI= 1.49-2.70). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant association was also found in Asians (OR = 2.07, 95%CI= 1.71-2.51). In subgroup analysis by HBV genotype, B and C were linked with development of HCC (B:OR = 2.21, 95%CI= 1.13-4.34; C:OR = 2.26, 95%CI= 1.61-3.16). However, no significant association was found between the C1653T mutation and HCC risk in HBeAg positive cases. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that the C1653T mutation may be associated with susceptibility to HCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5375-5379
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Published studies on the association between Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1(NBS1) gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, and a meta-analysis was therefore performed for clarification. Methods: Eligible articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE bibliographic databases for the period up to March 2012. The presence of between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the chi-square-based Cochran's Q statistic test. When there was statistical heterogeneity, the random effects model was chosen; otherwise, fixed effects estimates were reported as an alternative approach. Results: A total of 11 eligible articles (14 case-control studies) were identified, nine case-control studies were for the 657del5 mutation (7,534 breast cancer cases, 14,034 controls) and five case-control studies were for the I171V mutation (3,273 breast cancer cases, 4,004 controls). Our analysis results indicated that the 657del5 mutation was associated with breast cancer risk (carriers vs. non-carriers: pooled OR =2.63, 95% CI: 1.76-3.93), whereas the I171V mutation was not (carriers vs. non-carriers: pooled OR =1.52, 95% CI: 0.70-3.28). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that the 657del5 gene mutation in the NBS1 gene plays a role in breast cancer risk, while the I171V mutation does not exert a significant influence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6619-6623
• /
• 2013

Background:The aim of the research was to explore a cost effective, fast, easy to perform, and sensitive method for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing. Methods: High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of the analysis for dectecting EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and plasma free DNA from 120 patients. Results: The total EGFR mutation rate was 37.5% (45/120) detected by direct sequencing. There were 48 mutations in 120 FFPE tissues assessed by HRM. For plasma free DNA, the EGFR mutation rate was 25.8% (31/120). The sensitivity of HRM assays in FFPE samples was 100% by HRM. There was a low false-positive mutation rate but a high false-negative rate in plasma free DNA detected by HRM. Conclusions: Our results show that HRM analysis has the advantage of small tumor sample need. HRM applied with plasma free DNA showed a high false-negative rate but a low false-positive rate. Further research into appropriate methods and analysis needs to be performed before HRM for plasma free DNA could be accepted as an option in diagnostic or screening settings.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 1999

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper transport and characterized by degenerative changes in the brain, liver dysfunction, and Kayser-Fleischer rings due to toxic accumulation of copper. Since the identification of Wilson disease gene (ATP7B), more than 80 mutations have been detected among the different ethnic groups. Methods: Twenty three children with Wilson disease were included in this study. They were all diagnosed by low serum ceruloplasmin and increased 24 hour urinary copper excretion with characteristic clinical findings. We analysed WD gene mutation by assessing the nucleotide sequence of exon 7, 8, 9 and 10 including intron-exon boundaries of ATP7B gene from genomic DNA. Results: Arg778Leu mutation was identified in 16 WD patients; three were homozygous and 13 were heterozygous for this mutation. Of the 46 alleles, 19 alleles had a Arg778Leu mutation (19/46=41%). Homozygote patients had neurologic forms of WD. Arg778Leu mutation was not found among 50 normal healthy persons. Conclusion: Arg778Leu mutation is a common mutation in Korean WD gene. Arg778Leu mutation screening might be used as a useful supplementary diagnostic test in some patients to confirm Wilson disease in Korea.