• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.611-617
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• 1999

자동산화된 유지의 산패도와 돌연변이원성과의 관련성을 알아보고자 대우유를 $60{\pm}2^{\circ}C$에서 자동산화시키면서 과산화물가가 일정한 수치에 도달한 시료를 대상으로 Salmonella typhimurium 변이균주 중 구조이동형(frame shift) 변이균주인 TA98, TA1537과 염기치환형(base-pair substituent) 변이균주인 TA100, TA1535 및 102를 사용하여 Ames test를 수행하였다. TA98은 대사활성화법에서, TA100은 직접법에서, TA1535 및 TA1537은 직접법과 대사활성화법 모두에서 돌연변이 활성이 인정되었으나 TA102는 시료유지의 전자동산화기간에서 돌연변이 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 돌연변이원성이 과산화물가가 높은 시기에 나타나 유지의 과산화물 함량과 돌연변이 활성간에 갚은 관련성이 있는 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2000

Deep-fat frying is a common cooking practice. There has been considerable concern regarding the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of thermally oxidized oils. Studies on deep-fried foods so far have revealed not much on the mutagenicity of the oils in the foods. Therefore, in the present study, it was attempted to investigate the mutagenicity ofthe thermally oxidized safflower oil. Oil was heated in a home-fryer at a temperature of 180$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. Oil samples were taken at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 hours of heating, respectively. Each sample was used to study the changes in peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) content, %, and fatty acid composition. Another series of samples were fractionated into non-polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. The mutagenicity of the samples taken from the thermally oxidized oils, as well as the non-polar and polar fractions of the thermally oxidized oils, was investigated with the Ames test. The Ames test was carried out with and without metabolic activation. Bacterial tester strains used in the present study were the histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535 and TA102 were used for the detection of base pair mutations, and TA98 and TA1537 for frame shift mutations. Each series of samples was dissolved in tetraphydrofuran (inhibitor-free) and tested at doses ranging from 0.05 to 5 mg/plate. None of the oil samples taken during the 48 hour oxidation period showed any mugagenic activity. This was the case, even after the activaton with 59 mix. Also, none of the polar and non-polar fractions showed any mutagenic activity on all the strains tested.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

Various lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Korean Kimchi in order to study their antimutagenic substances. Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 showed the strain KLAB21 to have the highest antimutagenic activity among the 230 isolated strains against MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine), NPD (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine), NQO (4-nitrosoquinoline-1-oxide) and AFB1 (aflatoxin B1). The strain was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. Antimutagenic activity of L. plantarum KLAB21 was found in culture supernatant suggesting the bacterium secrete antimutagenic substance in the media. No mutagenic activity was found in the culture supernatant. The isolated strain L. plantarum KLAB21 showed much higher antimutagenic activity than L. plantarum IAM1261 which is being used industrially for fermented milk production. The antimutagenic activity of L.plantarum KLAB21 was reconfirmed by the spore-rec assay using spores of Bacillus subtilis H17($Rec^+$) and M45($Rec^-$).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1995

In vitro antimutagenic activity of methanol extract from brrwn rice and its physico-chemical characteristics were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS chromotest. Methanol extracts of brown rice were not mutagenic compared with direct and indirect, mutagenicities of 4NQO (4-nitroquinoline oxide), 2NF(2-nitrofluorene), Trp-p-1(3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole), and Trp-p-2(3-Amino-1-methy-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole). Antimutagenic activity against the indirect mutagenicties induced by Trp-p-1, Trp-p-2 and AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) was found in methanol extract. Even though antimutagenic activity showed dose-dependent, it remained constant at inhibition rate ranging 60~90% when the concentration was abov 3mg/plate in the S. typhimurium reversion assay and 0.2~0.6 mg/assay in the SOS chromotest. The antimutagenic activity of the methanol extracts was stable at various pH (2, 7 and 10), temperatures (60, 80 and 10$0^{\circ}C$)and heation times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min at 10$0^{\circ}C$).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1987

재래종 황색계자두 효소와 4종류의 polyphenol 화합물과 반응시켜 얻어진 효소적 갈변반응 생성물에 대하여 변이원성 및 변이원 억제작용에 관한 실험결과 B. subtilis H17과 M45 두 균주를 이용한 rec-assay에서 4종류의 갈변반응 생성물 모두 변이원성은 없었다. rec-assay에서 금속이온의 영향을 실험한 결과 pyrogallol의 갈변반응 생성물의 경우 $Fe^{3+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+}\;Al^{2+}$에서 약한 영향을 받았으며 hydroxyhydroquinone의 갈변반응 생성물에서는 $Cu^{2+},\;Pb^{2+}$, 그리고 catechol의 갈변반응 생성물에서는 $Mn^{2+}$ 공존하에서 약한 영향을 받았다. DNA절단실험 결과 갈변반응 생성물 자체에 의해서는 4종류의 시료 모두 DNA절단능력은 없었다. 금속이온의 영향에서는 $Fe^{2+}$의 경우 그 자체에 의해 절단되었으며 $Cu^{2+}$은 DNA 절단을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. S-9 mix를 첨가한 돌연변이 유발실험에서는 4종류의 갈변반응 생성물 모두 농도증가에도 변이원성은 없었으며 변이원 물질인 $benzo\;{\alpha}\;pyrene$에 대한 돌연변이원 억제반응에서는 4종류의 갈변반응 생성물 모두 농도증가에 따라 대조구에 비해 강한 억제작용을 나타냈다. 따라서 재래종 황색계 자두로부터 추출한 polyphenol oxidase와 4종류의 polyphenol 화합물과 반응시켜 얻어진 효소적 갈변반응 생성물의 들연변이원성 실험결과 갈변반응 생성물자체에 의한 돌연변이원성은 없었으며 금속이온의 영향도 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 강력한 발암물질인 $benzo\;{\alpha}\;pyrene$을 사용한 돌연변이 억제실험에서는 4종류의 갈변반응 생성물 모두 강한 돌연변이 억제작용이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

In this study, we examined the antimutagenicity of red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp ethanol extracts using the standard Ames test in the presence and absence of S9 mix. The extracts showed inhibitory effects on both the TA98 and TA100 Salmenella Typhimurium strains against the mutagenic activity of promutagen 2-aminoanthracene, and were also protective against the directly acting mutagens sodium azide and 2-nitrofluorene. The red pepper seed elicited stronger antimutagenicity than the red pepper pericarp. Both the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp directly quenched nitric oxide to different degrees and the scavenging activities increased with increasing concentrations. Nitric oxide scavenging activity ranged from $22{\sim}77%$ in the red pepper seed, and from $36{\sim}49%$ in the red pepper pericarp. The TEAC values for red pepper seed extract were $47.89{\pm}1.64mg\;g^{-1}$ in the ABTS radical scavenging assays, while those of red pepper pericarp extract were $94.18{\pm}1.61mg\;g^{-1}$. Therefore, we conclude that red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp have antimutagenic activities as well as antioxidant activity.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2001

The predictive screening of various molecular descriptors for predicting carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and alkylation activity of chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) has been investigated for the application of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). The toxicity index for 29 compounds were computed by the PASS program and active values were employed in this study. Studies show that different descriptors account for the model equation of each genotoxic endpoint and that thermodynamic descriptors significantly played a major role on prediction of endpoints of chlorinated aliphatic compounds.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

The NBP assay was conducted to determine the photomutagenic or photocarcinogenic potential of alkylating agents. Using a 4-NBP in vitro technique, whereby photochemical treatment on CAS (Chemical Activation System) was performed to investigate the enhancement effect, 20 compounds were shown to undergo alkylating mechanisms with 4-NBP. Chemically meaningful results were obtained with different sets of 20 compounds for the alkylating activities due to the UV irradiation, demonstrating that all of the testing compounds showed increasing photoalkylating effects either in the presence or absence of CAS in comparison with previously reported data, except furoic acid and fumaric acid that showed decreasing effect in the presence of a CAS. Caffeine did not show a meaningful result either. However, these findings demonstrate the effects of potential photoalkylating activity in chemical activation system (CAS) and suggest a potential risk-ranking system for the in vivo assays.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2005

Antimutagenic activity of the enzymatic browning reaction products (EBRPs) was investigated by using the spore rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains H17 $(rec^+)\;and\;M45 (rec^-)$. The EBRPs tested were prepared from the reactions of five different kinds of polyphenols with polyphenol oxidase isolated from the leaves Perilla frutescens. In the spore rec-assay, most of the polyphenolic compounds tested showed positive, whereas only their tested compound showed negative respectively. In addition of polyphenol oxidase inhibitors such as cysteine, glutathione and ascorbic acid to the reaction mixtures consisted with the polyphenol oxidase and polyphenols, the mutagenic effects were increased in the spore recassay. These results show that the activity of polyphenol oxidase may play an important role in the reduction of mutagenicity of polyphenols.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2022

Objectives: Verbenalin is a compound found in herbs such as Cornus officinalis and Verbena officinalis. This study investigated whether verbenalin is safe by analyzing its mutagenicity. Methods: To examine the mutagenic potential of verbenalin, a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was conducted with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains. Experiments with and without metabolic activity were performed. Results: The mean colony number was less than double that of the control. Growth inhibition and precipitation of verbenalin were not apparent in all strains at different concentrations regardless of metabolic activity. Conclusion: Verbenalin did not show any signs of mutagenicity in this study. Additional toxicity studies including repeated oral toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity tests are needed.