• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to observe the mutagenic occurrence in urine excreted after the ingestion of roast beef. Two healthy nonsmoker persons of both sex were selected for this test, employing two strains(TA98, TA100) of Salmonella typhimurium according to Ames' method. The mutagenic activity began to appear in urine of both sex three hours after ingestion of 300g of roast beef, gradually increasing until 6 hours and declining thereafter.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.319-321
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• 2001

Taihu Lake is a major water source for part of Yangtze Delta, which is one of the most urbanized and economically prosperous areas in China. In last couple of decades, some parts of the lake were highly polluted due to eutrophication. This study analyzed dioxin-like potential and mutagenic potential in surface water samples from Taihu Lake. The samples were prepared by XAD-2 resin procedure. A batch of biological assays, including dioxin-like potential microassay with the rat hepatocyte cell line H411E, and Ames test was employed in the research. Results showed that jour water samples have high content of dioxin-like biological potential, the highest activity TEQ to 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 48 pg/ι in sample 1. The mutagenic effect with reading-frame shifting mechanism was confirmed in 3 of 4 samples. The effective sewage treatment facilities and reliable monitoring surveillance system are urgently needed for this area.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2002

AG6O, the complex of acriflavine and guanosine, has been shown to possess the synergistic antitumorigenic activity in the previous paper (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997, 49:216). In this study, we have investigated the genotoxic properties of AG60 using in vitro and in vivo system such as Ames bacterial reversion test, chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus assay. In Ames reverse mutation test, AG60 treatment at the dose range up to 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate caused the dose-independent random induction of the mutagenic colony formation in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA, while any mutagenic effect of AG60 wasn't observed in S. typhimurium TA1535. Any significant chromosomal aberration wasn't observed in chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells incubated with PBS or AG60 at the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for 24 hours without but even with 59 metabolic activation system for 6 hours. In vivo ICR mice, the intramuscular injection of AG60 at the doses of 7.15, 14.3, and 28.6 mg/kg did not induce the frequency of micronucleus formation. However, mitomycin C, as one of the positive controls at the dose of 2 mg/kg caused the 8.4% induction in the frequency of micronucleus and 24% increase in the chromosomal aberration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

Mutagenicity of Gamgung-tang (GGT) was tested using in vitro S-9 mixture in vitro host-mediated assay with Salmonella typhimurium. In the previous reports, GGT was tested for the safety using Ames(-S-9), Bacillus subtilis Rec, and umu gene expression mutagenicity tests. Mutagenic activity in any assays we tested was not found. In this report, we further investigated safety of GGT after metabolic activation in vivo. Ames test with S-9 mixture and host-mediated assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 were used to identify metagenic property of GGT. GGT was administered 3 times with i.m. to Balb/c mice did not induced mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 recovered from the liver after 3.5h with i.p. treatment. Over the entire dose range $(3{\sim}150mg/mouse)$ tested no toxicity was detected to the bacterial cells. These results suggest that there was no DNA damage and mutagenicity by GGT.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.839-841
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• 2008

The mutagenicity after heating of different sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, and tagatose) on the non-enzymatic browning reaction in different sugars and glycine model system was investigated. The model system containing 0.2 M glycine and 0.2 M of different sugars in 10 mL water was heated at $150{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. After heating, degree of non-browning reaction intensity and mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 were examined. Heated glycine model systems containing different sugars increased their mutgenicity ranged from 30 to 372 revertant colonies. After heating for 40 min, mutagenicity was achieved with glycine model systems containing 4 different sugars with by 145, 356, 206, and 369 revertants per plate, respectively. The glycine model systems containing fructose or tagatose were significantly (p<0.05) higher mutagenic activity than glycine model systems containing glucose or galactose after 40 min of heating. The linear regression between Maillard reaction intensity and mutagenic activities (slope=32.38, $R^2=0.93$) indicates that mutagenicity could be fully ascribed to Maillard reaction products.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1973

The soil of Kwangneung area(Kyeunggi-Do) was inoculated directly into wheat-bran-media and after $3{\sim}4$ days of incubation, a Penicillium species whose cellulase activity was 1011u/g was isolated. With the treatment of mutagenic agents an improved strain(cellulase activity: 1303u/g) was obtained. This strain was screened again by mono-spore isolation method. Finally a strain C8-14 (cellulase activity: 2351u/g) which had lesser spores than the wild strain was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.581-586
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to prepare seaweed extracts suppressing mutagenic activity of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine ( PhIP ) ana 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) derived from cooked meat produce. The tumor initiation activity of PhIP and MeIQx was assayed with Ames method using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S-9 mixtures before and after addition of methanol-solubles of seaweed, such as, Phaeophyta; Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia stolonifera Ecklonia cava, Laminaia japonica Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum hornezi, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum thunbergii, Agarum cribrosum and Hizikia fusifomis, Rhodophpei Porphyra yezoensis, Grateloupia eiliptiut Lomentraria catenata, Ploemium telfairiae and Glarilaria verrucosa, Chlorophyta; Codium fragile, Enteromorpha compresa and Ulva pertusa. Among seaweed tested, Phaeophyta was shown the higher desmutagenic activity than Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. E. stolonifera, E. cava and S. miyabei, among Phaeophyta exerted the stronger desmutagenic activity (above $90\%$/2 mg). The ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and chlomform extracts except water extracts from E. stolonifera exhibited a high desmutagenic activity. The ethyl acetate extract of E. stolonifera which showed highest activity was fractionated with Sephadex LH20 column chromatography to give active fraction A-7, which showed desmutagenicity of $90\%$/mg against PhIP and $80\%$/mg against MeIQx. The active fraction had the absorbance at 207.7 and 232nm.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity of Porturaca oleracea L. in Korea. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of Poturaca oleracea L. inhibited mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. But hot-water extract Poturaca oleracea L. only Inhibited mutagenic activity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, On 4NQO, the ethanol extract 100-1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Porturaca oleracea L. showed a slight inhibitory effect of 13-48%, 4-47% in TA98 and TA100, respectively, but on MNNG, it showed higher inhibitory effect of 6-86% in TA100, And the treatment of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of ethanol extract of Porturacea L. had strong antimutagenicity with 74-87% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by B(a)P and with 85-93% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract was fractionated with ether. chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among them, most of the fraction except water fraction showed strong antimutagenicity effects against mutation induced by 4-NQO, MNNG, B(a)P and Trp-P-1. Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 91% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG, diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 92%, 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO, Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 97% inhibition against TA100 induced by B (a)P and diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against both strain Induced by Trp-P-1, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2018

Air pollution is increasing, along with consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and diesel gas. Air pollutants are known to be a major cause of respiratory-related illness and death, however, there are few reports on the genotoxic characterization of diverse air pollutants in Korea. In this study, we investigated the mutagenic activity of various particles such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), combustion of rice straw (RSC), pine stem (PSC), and coal (CC), tunnel dust (TD), and road side dust (RD). Ultra-fine particles (UFPs) were collected by the glass fiber filter pad. Then, we performed a chemical analysis to see each of the component features of each particulate matter. The mutagenicity of various UFPs was determined by the Ames test with four Salmonella typhimurium strains with or without metabolic activation. The optimal concentrations of UFPs were selected based on result of a concentration decision test. Moreover, in order to compare relative mutagenicity among UFPs, we selected and tested DEP as mutation reference. DEP, RSC, and PSC induced concentration-dependent increases in revertant colony numbers with TA98, TA100, and TA1537 strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. DEP showed the highest specific activity among the particulate matters. In this study, we conclude that DEP, RSC, PSC, and TD displayed varying degrees of mutagenicity, and these results suggest that the mutagenicity of these air pollutants is associated with the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these particulate matters.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 1999

Commonly eaten fish, meat and other protein-containing foods show some level of mutagenic activity following normal cooking such as broiling, frying, grilling, roasting etc. The main food mutagens found in cooked products are“heterocyclic aromatic amines”. Several of them have been shown to be carcinogenic in rodent and suggested to be relevant for human cancer etiology. This review summarizes the chemistry, formation, occurrence and toxicity of food-borne heterocyclic aromatic amines. Factors that influence the formation of them are also discussed with special emphasis on dietary factors. From a health safety point of view, it is desirable to estimate the intake of heterocyclic amines via foods, and reduce or prevent the formation of food mutagens.