• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1991

휘발성 유기물질(VOC)은 많은 경로를 통해 발생되는데, 독성이 있을뿐 아니라 발암물질을 포함하고 있으므로, 이들 물질 제거는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 휘발성 유기물질 처리를 위해 활성탄을 사용할 경우 처리와 설계를 위해 흡착능력의 연구가 반드시 필요하다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 사용할 화합물에 대한 가스 상태의 등온흡착선을 물리적 특성과 액화상태의 등온흡착선으로 부터 예측하였다. 이를 위해 이용된 방법이 quantitative structure-activity relationships(QSAR) 방법이다. 가스 상태의 등온흡착선을 분자연결제수($^2{\chi}$)와 헨리의 계수, 또는 용해도와 가스 상태의 평형농도에 의해서 예측 할 수 있었다. 연구결과, Freundlich 모델을 근거로한 가스 상태의 등온흡착선은 ${\log}\;a_g=0.238\;^2{\chi}+0.573\;{\log}\;H_a+4.330(r^2=0.94)$ 이었다. 결과적으로, 저흡착능력 범위에서 Freundlich 이론을 근거로한 이 방법은 시간소비적 실험을 통하지 않고도 가스 상태의 등온흡착선을 예측할 수 있다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2005

[ $21{\alpha}$ ]- and ${\beta}$-Methylmelianodiol were isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Poncirus tripoliata. To develope as an anti-septic drug, the genotoxicity of $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ was subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. These compounds are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Before performing the comet assay, $IC_{20}$ of $21{\alpha}-methylmelianodiol$ was determined the concentration of $25.51\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;21.99\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. Also $21{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ was determined the concentration of $24.15\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;\;22.46\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. In the comet assay, DNA damage was not observed both $21{\alpha}-methylmelianodiol\;and\;21{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ in mouse lymphoma cell line. Also, the mutant frequencies in the treated cultures were similar to the vehicle controls, and none of $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ with and without S-9 doses induced a mutant frequency over. twice the background. It is suggests that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ are non-mutagenic in MOLY assay. The results of this battery of assays indicate that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ have no genotoxic potential in bacterial or mammalian cell systems. Therefore, we suggest that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$, as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and IL-5 inhibitory effects must be chosen.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.500-510
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• 2005

향료자원 꽃향유 전초의 향기성분 essential oil, absolute 및 oleoresin을 추출 분리 동정하고, 지질과산화 억제, 세포독성, 돌연변이유발성 및 거담효과 등의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 꽃향유 전초의 essential oil 수율은 0.28%이었으며, 2-cyclohexen-1-one이 26.81%와 elsholtizia ketone이 13.46%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 꽃향유 전초의 absolute의 수율은 12.45%이었으며, methyl linolenate가 12.38%이었고, palmitic acid 9.47% 비율로 존재하고 있었다. 꽃향유 전초의 oleoresin의 수율은 9.95%이었으며, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid가 22.15%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있었다. 세 방법의 지질과산화 억제활성 시험에서 $200{\mu}g/ml$ 처리했을 때 꽃향유전초의 essential oil과 oleoresin은 지질과 산화를 잘 억제하였으나, absolute는 거의 억제하지 못하였다. 꽃향유 전초의 oleoresin은 24시간에서 $EC_{50}$값이 $17.6{\mu}g/ml$로 고농도에서만 약간의 세포독성이 있으며, absolue와 oleoresin은 고 농도에서도 돌연변이 유발성과 항균성이 나타나지 않았으나 essential oil은 $500{\mu}g/ml$이상 처리 시 돌연변이 유발성 뿐만 아니라 항균성도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃향유 전초의 essential oil과 oleoresin은 약간의 거담효과는 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

Quercetin and naringenin are representative flavonoids that not only exert anti estrogenic, cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities but also can modulate the metabolism of many xenobiotics. The activity of the specific form(s) of CYP450 is likely to be a major determinant of susceptibility to chemically induced carcinogenesis between which varies among between individuals due to different dietary habits as well as genetic characteristics. People consume cooked meat or fish together with various vegetables containing substantial amounts of quercetin and naringenin that can modify the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 to stimulate or to inhibit the mutagenic activities of HCAs. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) produced by cooking meat products at high temperatures are promutagens that are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) lA2. Using a newly developed Salmonella typhimurium TA1538/1A2bc-b5 strain, we tested the effect of quercetin and naringenin on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ). TA1538/1A2bc-b5 bears two plasmids, one expressing human CYP1A2 and NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR), and the other plasmid which expresses human cytochrome b5 (cyp b5). TA1538/1A2bc-b5 cells showed high activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) associated with CYP1A2 and are very sensitive to mutagenesis induced by several HCAs. MeIQ was found to be the strongest mutagen among the HCAs tested in this system. Mutagenicity of MeIQ was enhanced 50 and 42% by quercetin at 0.1 and 1 mM, respectively, but suppressed 82% and 96% at 50 mM and 100 mM. Naringenin also increased the MeIQ-induced mutation about 37% and 22% at 0.1 and 1 mM, but suppressed it 32% and 63% at 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations, respectively, in TA 1538/1A2bc-b5 cells. Thus, they stimulated the MeIQ induced mutation at low concentrations, but strongly suppressed it at high concentrations. This biphasic effect of flavonoids was due to the stimulation or the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity in a dose-dependent manner judging by the activities of EROD or MROD in the Salmonella cells. Collectively, it is likely that the biphasic effects of quercetin and naringenin on the MeIQ-induced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA1538/CYP1A2bc-b5 were due to their differential modification of the CYP1A2 activity in these cells.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.21-26
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• 1984

생체에 투입되는 이물질(xenobiotics)들이 돌연변이를 일으키고 나아가서는 암을 유발시키게 되는 것은 이물질들이 생체내에서 어떤 양상으로 대사되느냐, 즉 이물질이 독성화되는 과정과 해독되는 과정에 있어서의 활성도의 차이에 따라 좌우되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 인삼이 이물질 대사 및 해독작용에 어떤영향을 미치는가를 밝혀보기 위하여 동물 실험을 통하여 발암물질로 알려진 Benzopyrene과 그 외 다른 유독한 화학약물들의 대사과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 보았다. 인삼투여군에 있어서 cyt. P-450와 관련된 Monooxy-genase system이 선택적으로 유도되었고 또 해독작용에 필수적인 Conjugation도 현저히 상승되었다. 이와 같은 이물질 해독작용의 선택적 유도는 인삼이 이물질 대사과정에 영향을 미쳐 독성물질 해독 항진효능이 있음을 제시해 주는 것으로 해석되어진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 산수유 에탄올 추출물의 항산화능, 항돌연변이 및 항암활성을 분석하여 새로운 생리활성 물질의 탐색과 고부가가치의 기능성식품으로서의 이용 가능성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 산수유 에탄올 추출물의 전자공여능은 농도 의존적으로 증가하여 500 ppm의 농도에서는 합성항산화제인 BHT보다 높았고 천연항산화제인 L-ascorbic acid와 유사하였다. 뿐만 아니라, S. Typhimurium TA100에 대해 산수유 에탄올 추출물은 직접돌연변이원인 4-NQO 사용 시 항돌연변이 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 산수유 에탄올 추출물은 $700{\mu}g/plate$ 첨가하였을 때 인체 간암 세포와 자궁경부암 세포의 증식을 모두 78% 이상 억제하였다. 산수유 에탄올 추출물은 비교적 높은 함량의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드를 함유하고 있어, 이들 물질이 항산화와 항암효과에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되었다. 그러나 산수유에는 비타민 C를 비롯한 다른 항산화 성분도 함유되어 있으므로 이들의 항산화성도 추출물의 항산화력에 영향을 주었을 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로, 산수유 에탄올 추출물은 항산화능과 항돌연변이 활성이 있었으며 인체 간암세포, 자궁경부암 세포 및 대장암 세포에 대해 항암 활성이 있는 것으로 나타나 기능성식품의 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found at high levels in grapes and in grape products such as red wine, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-oxident, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects, but its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced growth inhibitory activity and cell growth-regulatory gene products in astroglioma C6 cells to elucidate its possible mechanism for anti-cytotoxicity. It is shown that LPS induced time-dependent growth inhibition and morphological changes of C6 cells, which were recovered by pre-treatment with resveratrol. The anti-proliferative effect of LPS was associated with the induction of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in time-dependent manner in C6 cells. In addition, the pro-apoptotic Bax expression was also up-regulated in LPS-treated C6 cells without alteration of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. However, resveratrol significantly inhibited LPS-induced p53, p21 and Bax levels, suggesting that the modulation of p53, p21 and Bax levels could be one of the possible pathways by which resveratrol functions as anti-cytotoxic agent.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.195-195
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• 2003

It is well known that diesel exhaust particulate matter contains mutagenic PAHs, such as benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene, benz[${\alpha}$]anthracene, chrysene, etc. Therefore it is suspected that these chemicals act on estrogen receptor and reveal endocrine-disrupting effects. Recent attention has focused on causative chemicals of endocrine-disrupting effects. We examined the estrogenic activity of respirable diesel exhaust particulate matter derived from diesel powered vehicle. PM2.5 diesel exhaust of vehicle was collected using a high volume sampler equipped with a cascade impactor. Diesel exhaust samples were fractionated according to EPA methods. The presence of estrogenic and antiestrogenic chemicals in PM 2.5 diesel exhaust was determined using E-screen assay. To quantitatively assess the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities in diesel exhaust particulate matter, estradiol equivalent concentration (bio-EEQ) was calculated by comparing the concentration response curve of the sample with those of the estrogen calibration curve. Weak estrogenic activities and strong antiestrogenic activities were detected in the crude extract and moderately polar fractions. Higher antiestrogenic potency was observed with higher EROD activities in aliphatic and aromatic compounds fraction. In conclusion, estrogenic/antiestrogenic-like activities were present in diesel exhaust particulate matter. However, the health consequences of this observation was unknown, the presence of these activities may contribute to and exacerbate adverse health effect evoked by diesel exhaust particulate matter.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2003

To develope the novel anti-allergic drug, many sophoricoside derivatives were synthesized. Among these derivatives, JSH-II-3, JSH-Ⅵ-3, JSH-Ⅶ-3, and JSH-Ⅷ-3 were selected and subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk$\^$+/-/) gene assay (MOLY) and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammalian cells were used as HTTS tool in our laboratory. In MOLY assay, JSH-Ⅶ-3 at 50 ∼ 6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. However, the concentration of ISH-II-3, 38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, induced increased mutation frequency (MF) in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Also in comet assay, DNA damage was not observed in JSH-Ⅵ-3 and JSH-Ⅶ-3, wherase concentration of 32.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in JSH-II-3 and 13.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in JSH-Ⅶ-3 were induced DNA damage in the absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Therefore, we suggest that JSH-Ⅵ-3 and JSH-Ⅶ-3 have no genotoxic effects but JSH-II-3 and JSH-Ⅷ-3 induce some mutagenicity and DNA strand breaks in mouse lymphoma cell line used this study.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

Radix Astragali, the root of Astragalus (A.) membranaceus, has been applied in a variety of diseases for a long time in Asian countries such as Korea and China. In addition, the aerial parts such as leaves and stems of A. membranaceus have received a great deal of attention. Recently, the polysaccharide fraction showing a potent immunomoduating activity was isolated from the aerial parts of A. membranaceus. Thus, the aerial parts of A. membranaceus would be worthy enough for a food material and a dietary supplement. However, they should be safe even though valuable. In our previous study, it was estimated that NOAEL for female rats are 5000 mg/kg/day of the crude polysaccharide fraction from A. membranaceus-aboveground parts. As a series of safety evaluation, genotoxicity test for the crude polysaccharide fraction was carried out in this study. In conclusion, the three genotoxicity assays provided strong overall support that the crude polysaccharide fraction lacks mutagenic and/or clastogenic potential under the GLP-based test conditions. This indicates the aerial parts of A. membranaceus would be safe enough for a food material and a dietary supplement.