• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Recently, the demand for new cultivar of oriental mustard(Brassica juncea) is increased as the consumption of oriental mustard has increased dramatically in the market due to Kimchi is attracting the world's attention. However, absence of seed supply system can cause many problems including inbreeding depression due to self seed production, deterioration of the seed purity and heterogeneity of commercial seed. To establish the $F_1$ variety breeding system of oriental mustard, pure line and inbred lines were screened from inbreeding genetic resources. Male-sterile line was also selected from breeding combinations for the quality improvement of mustard. The combining ability from(Indojasai ${\times}$ Goheungdamyang) combinations and isolation line of(MS910 ${\times}$ Japan red mustard 8 ${\times}$ Ganghwa mustard 9) was highest, thus these lines were selected as parental lines. PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) and gene sequence analysis revealed that the genes related to CMS(orf263, orf220, and orf288) were distributed in mitochondria. The isolated lines from this study also showed good performance in yield test and farmhouse prove test.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 1997

The water extract of mustard seed was fractionated by solvents with an increase of polarity, and antimicrobial activities of each extracts were examined, and volatile compounds of each extract were identified by GC-MS. When the water extract was fractionated with solvents, the antimicrobial activities were high in the order of chloroform, ethylacetate, hexane, butanol and aqueous layer. In chloroform fraction, 16 volatile compounds, including 2 isothiocyanates such as 3-isothiocyanato- 1-propene and 4-isothiocyanato- 1-butane, 1 nitrile and 4 acids were identified, their contents were higher than other fractions. Twelve, 10, 4 and 7 volatile compounds were identified in ethylaceate, hexane, butanol and water fractions, respectively. The volatile compounds were considerably less in the fractions of butanol and water than others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2007

Eight feeds (mixture of wheat straw and oil seed cakes in 3:1 ratio) were evaluated for methane emission and fermentation pattern with buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum in an in vitro gas production test. The cakes tested were groundnut cake (GNC), soybean cake (SBC), mustard seed cake (MSC), cotton seed cake (CSC), karanj seed cake expeller extracted (KCEE), karanj seed cake solvent extracted (KCSE), caster bean cake expeller extracted (CBCEE) and caster bean cake solvent extracted (CBCSE). The gas production (ml/g dry matter) was significantly higher with SBC and MSC followed by CSC, GNC, KCSE, KCEE, CBCSE and was the lowest with CBCEE. Methane emission was significantly lower with KCEE, KCSE, CBCEE, CBCSE (20.32- 22.43 ml/g DM) than that with SBC, GNC, CSC (27.34-31.14 ml/g DM). Mustard seed cake was in-between the two groups of oil cakes in methane production. In vitro true digestibility was highest with SBC followed by GNC, CSC, MSC, KCSE, KCEE, CBCSE and CECEE. Ammonia nitrogen level was positively correlated with the amount of protein present in the cake. Total holotrich protozoa were significantly higher with SBC, whereas, large spirotrich protozoa tended to be lower than with other cakes. The counts of small spirotrich and total protozoa were similar with all the cakes. Total volatile fatty acid production and acetate to propionate ratio were significantly higher with SBC and significantly lower with KCEE as compared to the other cakes. Among the conventional oil cakes tested in the present experiment (GNC, SBC, MSC and CSC), mustard seed cake-based feed produced the minimum methane without affecting other fermentation characteristics adversely.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.569-577
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C₃L₁), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C₂L₁), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C₁L₁) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M₃L₁), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M₂L₁), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M₁L₁) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C₃L₁ experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C₃L₁ experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.655-666
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• 2022

We assessed the persistence of eight major cruciferous crops-leaf mustard, oilseed rape, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, turnip, and radish-growing in the field. In the first part of our experiment, we tested the viability of seeds that had been buried at two different soil depths for up to 16 months. We then broadcast seeds over the soil surface and left them undisturbed to investigate the survivorship of the resultant plants over two years. Seed viability was significantly affected by plant taxa and burial depth, but not substantially affected by the duration of burial. Although seeds of leaf mustard had the greatest viability among all crops examined here, the viability rates were significantly lower at 2 cm depth than at 15 cm. Seeds of leaf mustard, oilseed rape, broccoli, turnip, and Chinese cabbage remained viable throughout the 16-month period. A study of plant demography revealed that only leaf mustard and oilseed rape succeeded in producing seeds and overwintering in the undisturbed field. However, neither of those species competed well with other plants long-term and their overall growth and survival rates declined during the evaluation period. In addition, insect herbivory severely decreased the growth of all of these crops. Our results suggest that populations of leaf mustard and oilseed rape do not tend to persist in the field for more than a few years without disturbance and external seed inputs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1996

겨자의 가수분해 시간에 따른 향균력을 비교하고, 각종 미생물에 대한 겨자 물 추출물의 최소 저해 농도 및 최소 저해 투여량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같았다. 겨자의 자가분해 시간에 따른 물 추출물의 향균성은 처음에 아주 약하게 나타났던 것이 12시간 방치 후 크게 증가하였다. 최대 항균활성은 24시간 방치 후 나타났으며 이후 거의 변하지 않았다. 겨자를 첨가한 물의 산도는 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하였고, 겨자의 농도가 클수록 그 정도가 크게 나타났다. $37^{\circ}C에서$ 24시간 자가분해한 겨자 물 추출물의 MID는 Bacillus subtilils가 $70\mu1/disc로$ 다른 실험 균주에 비하여 낮았으며, 젖산균이 $95\mu1/disc로서$ 높게 나타났다. MIC는 Bacillus subtilils, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium 및 Vibrio parahaemolyticus 균이 $70\mu1/ml로$ 다른 실험 균주에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며, 젖산균 곰팡이에서 $90\mu1/ml로$ 높게 나타났다. 자가분해 시간에 따른 겨자물 추출물의 중류성분은 자가분해 시간이 지남에 다라 점차 증가하는 경향이었고, isothiocyanate 류의 함량은 24시간 때에 최대치를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.687-694
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• 1996

Myrosinase was purified from Korean mustard seed(Brassica juncea) by a sequential process of DEAE-cellulose, concanavalin A-sepharose, and Superose 6 chromatography. The molecular weight of puri-fied myrosinase(II-2) determined by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis was 67KD. About a 248-fold purification for myrosinase II-2 was obtained after Superose 6 chromatography. Optimum pH of the myrosinase was 7.0 and optimum temperature of the enzyme was $3^{\circ}C.$ The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0, and below $30^{\circ}C.$ Cu, Hg and Fe ion significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, but ascorbic acid enhanced, resulting in a maximum activity by 1mM ascorbic acid. Among tile ascorbic acid ana-logues, dehydroascorbic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas others showed a little effect. Reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol inhibited the enzyme activity, but the reducing agents with ascorbic acid was enhanced enzyme activity.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2014

This study was aimed to select useful mutants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), the seeds of three lines S-14, S-27, and S-28 were treated with gamma-ray and EMS. The optimum ranges of gamma-ray dose and EMS concentration to enlarge the characteristic morphological variations were also separately investigated. The survival rates of S-28 only linearly decreased with increasing the gamma-ray dose. The overall growth parameters decreased of gamma-ray dose in all three lines of S-14, S-27, and S-28. The reduction dosage 50 of gamma-ray was identified as 1,200 Gy for S-14 leaf mustard, while those of S-27 and S-28 rapeseed lines were appeared as same 1,000 Gy. The emergence rates of S-14 and S-27 showed no significant differences by EMS treatment, while the growth of all three lines were significantly decreased. The reduction concentration 50 in S-14 could not be determined, demonstrating that this leaf mustard line is presumably insensitive to mutagenic EMS, while those in S-27 and S-28 were identified as 3.0 and 2.5%, respectively, showing that these rapeseed lines possess higher sensitivity to EMS than S-14. Various morphological characteristics of $M_1$ generation obtained from mutagen treatment were elaborately investigated for further maintenance of $M_2$ generation. In $M_2$ generation variants showing short stem, yellow color in seed coat, chlorophyll deficiencies in leaf or pod, abnormal flower color were selected as potentially useful mutants for breeding.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2016

Bacillus velezensis YP2 inhibited the mycelial growth of several plant pathogens including Cercespora spp., Septoria sp., Phoma sp., Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia scleotiorum occurring in leafy vegetables. Control efficacy for powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cruciferarm on red leaf mustard and cheong mustard by treatment of spraying with 10-fold diluted Luria-Bertani (LB) broth of B. velezensis YP2 was 91.8% and 80.9%, respectively. When B. velezensis YP2 was treated four times with five-day interval, three times at seven-day interval and two times at ten day interval in the greenhouse test, the control effect of red leaf mustard powdery mildew was 70.6%, 65.0% and 40.9%, respectively. Also B. velezensis YP2 could promote the seed germination and plant growth of led leaf mustard. The results showed that the culture broth of B. velezensis YP2 was very effective to control the powdery mildew of leaf mustard.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.131-139
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• 2006

This study carried out the standardization of processing conditions in mustard powder (MP) for quality improvement and suggested a recycling scheme of mustard oil(MO). Pungent taste in MP and MO was estimated using allylisothiocyanate (AITC) content as a marker. Recovery of crude oil from mustard seed (MS) was best by the cold pressing method. Residual AITC content at $30^{\circ}C$ pressing was 0.54% and 0.42% at $230^{\circ}C$. But residual AITC contents in MOs were 92ppm, 139ppm, respectively. The residual AITC content in MP was the highest (0.54%) when the moisture content in MP was 4.5%. The residual content of volatile oil in MP and MO showed similar results. In summary, crude oil must be removed from MS using the cold pressing method.