• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제16권2E호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1997

The effect of pitch on tone durations was studied in several poeces of music. In previous work it was found that higher pitched sounds, of a given duration, were perceived to be of longer duration. That work however, was not undertaken in a musical context. The present work was done to determine whether the previously observed trend was also apparent in musical performances. Several measurements were undertaken. One of these involved analysing the recorded performance duration of notes in several performances of the Mozart Flute Quartet in A-mojor, K.298. Performed durations were also obtained from a Bach Flute Sonata and a Brahms Clarinet Quintet. An analysis of the musical performances revealed that while there were individual differences and exceptions in notes, the musicians tended to play higher notes significantly shortened.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1064-1069
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 SOM과 개선된 ART-1을 이용하여 악보를 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 악보 인식을 위해 스캔된 악보 이미지를 호프 변환, Otsu's 이진화를 원본 이미지에 적용하고, 히스토그램 분석을 통해 구분된 작은악절에서 오선을 제거하여 악보의 음표 성분을 추출할 수 있는 이미지 전처리 단계를 수행한다. 오선이 제거된 작은악절은 레이블링을 이용하여 음표 성분을 분리한다. 추출된 음표들은 SOM 알고리즘을 적용하여 일정한 크기로 정규화하고, 정규화된 음표 정보들을 개선된 ART-I 알고리즘을 적용하여 학습과 인식한다. 제안된 방법을 적용하여 음표 인식 실험을 한 결과, 제안된 방법이 음표 인식에 효율적임을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제22권4E호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2003

As music of digital form has been widely used, many people have been interested in the automatic extraction of natural information of music itself, such as key of a music, chord progression, melody progression, tempo, etc. Although some studies have been tried, consistent and reliable results of musical information extraction had not been achieved. In this paper, we propose a method to extract chord and tempo information from general polyphonic music signals. Chord can be expressed by combination of some musical notes and those notes also consist of some frequency components individually. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the frequency components included in musical signal for the extraction of chord information. In this study, we utilize a sinusoidal modeling, which uses sinusoids corresponding to frequencies of musical tones, and show reliable chord extraction results of sinusoidal modeling. We could also find that the tempo of music, which is the one of remarkable feature of music signal, interactively supports the chord extraction idea, if used together. The proposed scheme of musical feature extraction is able to be used in many application fields, such as digital music services using queries of musical features, the operation of music database, and music players mounting chord displaying function, etc.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.277-292
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental of young children's musical abilityes and musical conservation concepts. Two kinds of test were administered to 117 children aged 5-to 7-year-old. The musical ability test consisted of 30 tape-recorded questions regarding 5 musical ability domains, while the musical conservation test consisted of 17 questions regarding 4 musical conservation concept domains. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1)there was a significant difference in young children's musical abilities according to their sex and age. Girls developed their musical abilities better than boys did. Older children noticeable improved their musical abilities, especially, in such three domains as listening musical and rhythmic activities and playing musical instruments. 2)There was a significant difference in young children's musical conservation concepts according to their age, but not according to their sex. Older children improved musical conservation concepts specifically, in rhythm ,number of notes and duration conservation concepts. 3) the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the most influence in variable on the musical conservation concepts was musical ability, then followed by children's age and sex. Some suggestions for future research and for the ways to increase musical abilities were discussed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

아티스트에게 음악적 정체성을 가지고 있는가의 여부는 상당히 중요하다. 현재 국내의 대형기획사는 치밀한 기획력과 자본을 바탕으로 음악적 정체성이 없는 아이돌이라는 문화 상품을 만들어내고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 자신의 사상과 정체성을 명확하게 드러냈던 아티스트 프린스를 주목해야 할 필요가 있다. 그의 음악적인 천재성과 독특함에 대한 많은 연구는 음악의 본질에 대해 다시금 생각하게 하는 자극제가 될 것이다. 편곡자로의 프린스는 텐션 노트를 효과적으로 활용하고 어보이드 노트마저도 음악적인 색깔로 표현할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 그가 가지고 있는 음악적인 천재성과 독특함에 대한 더욱 많은 연구가 앞으로도 계속 이루어져야 하며, 이러한 연구는 음악공부를 하는 사람들을 비롯하여 대중에게도 음악의 본질에 대해 다시금 생각하게 하는 자극제가 될 것이다. 음악에는 정답이 없고, 그 본질에는 예술이라는 근본이 있어야 한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2006

1. Objectives The present study purposed to examine the contents and the principles of music therapy according to Oriental medicine theories in order to prove that music therapy is not a new research area but its principle is found in the long tradition of Oriental medicine. 2. Methods We investigate the possibility of music therapy based on Oriental medicine theories and examine the meanings of music therapy from the viewpoint of Oriental medicine. 3. Conclusions and discussions (1) The principles of music therapy are the principle of homogeneity, catharsis and balance. (2) When one’s mind changes, there are naturally occurred sounds, which are called Oseong (五聲: the oriental five voices exhalation, laughing, singing, wailing and groaning), and the notes defined by arranging the Oseong according to the principle of Ohaeng (五行: the oriental five phases wood, fire, earth, metal, water) are Oheum (五音: the oriental five musical notes Gakeum, Chieum, Gungeum, Sangeum and Wooeum.). If Eum (musical notes) is classified into Ohaeng, it can be divided into Gakeum, Chieum, Gungeum, Sangeum and Wooeum. (3) Change of Sinji (神志: consciousness) induces change of Gigi (氣機: function of Gi), which can change the character of voices. Oseong controls the functions of Ojang (五臟: the oriental five viscera) by ruling one’s Jeongji (情志: emotion). It can reduce the damage of the viscera caused by excessive vent of emotion resulted from unconscious expression of Oseong - Hoseong (呼聲: exhalation), Soseong (笑聲: laughing), Gaseong (歌聲: singing), Gokseong (哭聲: wailing) and Sinseong (呻聲: groaning). (4) Yijeongseungjeong (以情勝情: Control emotion with emotion) therapies, which suppresses an emotion by stimulating another, include Noseungsabeop (怒勝思法: Control anxiety with anger), Heeseungbibeop (喜勝悲法: Control sorrow with joyfulness), (思勝恐法: Control fear with anxiety), Biseungnobeop (悲勝愁法: Control anger with sorrow) and Gongseungheebeop (恐勝喜法: Control joyfulness with fear). (5) Seongeum (聲音: voices and musical notes) can be applied to a stimulation method that not only harmonizes the rhythm of living organs but also controls the occurrence of diseases caused by mutual Pyeonseongpyeonsoi (偏盛偏衰: relative preponderance and weakness) through direct induction of the strength and weakness of Gi function of the oriental five viscera in a human body according to the individual character. Sounds preferred by the patient, the material of an instrument selected by the patient, the character of rhythm and music expressed by the patient and the sound or voice uttered frequently by the patient can be considered in diagnosis and treatments for the patient’s body and mind.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.266-285
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• 2008

This study investigated the relationship between musical understanding and expression, the purpose of music education. It also intended to present the theoretical basis of integrated early childhood music education by examining into the necessity of it as a method to help young children with musical understanding and expression. The results of the study showed that either of the understanding and expression of music should be necessary and there is a mutual promotional relationship between them. It was found out that real musical understanding can be formed not by mechanical skill, but when the relationship between notes is understood with various experiences. Therefore an integrated early childhood music education became necessary as a principle of educational method to help young children with musical understanding and musical expression. Concretely it was found out to be necessary in terms of the characteristics, interest and concern of young children, the use and development of multi intelligence and the translation of the same knowledge into the same level.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2012

특정 정수비 1:2:3:4는 동양과 서양을 막론하고 음의 생성에 중요한 역할을 했다. 유클리드 작도법을 이용한 음계보를 만들어 악기를 제작하고 소리를 들으면서 수학의 이론이 음악에 끼친 영향을 알게 한다. 대학의 교양수학이나 중등학교 대상의 교육에 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2017

A musical key is a fundamental concept in Western music theory. It is a collective characterization of pitches and chords that together create a musical perception of the entire piece. It is based on a group of pitches in a scale with which a music is constructed. Each key specifies the set of seven primary chromatic notes that are used out of the twelve possible notes. This paper presents a method that identifies the key of a song using Hidden Markov Models given a sequence of chroma features. Given an input song, a sequence of chroma features are computed. It is then classified into one of the 24 keys using a discrete Hidden Markov Models. The proposed method can help musicians and disc-jockeys in mixing a segment of tracks to create a medley. When tested on 120 songs, the success rate of the music key identification reached around 87.5%.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

본 논문은 디지털 음악 도선관에서 음악정보를 효율적으로 검색하기 위한 시스템의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 종래의 전형적인 음악정보 검색 항목인 제목이나 작곡자 또는 주제 목록을 입력하는 것이 아니라, 사용자가 음악 데이터베이스로부터 검색하고자 하는 음악의 일부 선율을 마이크를 통해서 노래한다. 그러면 입력된 선율에 대한 음 신호를 처리하여 음표 정보를 인식하고, 이를 바탕으로 음정 곡선을 생성하여 이를 탐색 패턴으로 사용한다. 탐색 패턴을 가지고 제안한 음표열 탐색 알고리즘을 이용하여 근사 탐색을 함으로써 사용자는 노래의 어느 마디를 부르더라도 쉽게 후보곡을 검색하고, 감상할 수 있도록 했다.