• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2002

This study focused on the production of high quality compost for the growth of aero-thermophilic fungi, which has a promoting effect on the growth rate and production of oyster mushrooms. The automated solid-state bioreactor system was designed on the basis of a Three-Phase-One system, which controls the serial steps of prewetting, pasteurization and fermentation processes. High numbers of thermophilic fungi and bacteria were recovered from the mushroom composts prepared by this solid-state bioreactor. The rates of composting process were depended on physical as well as chemical factors. Among these factors, the parameters of moisture content and temperature were found to be particularly important. In our automated system, constant levels of moisture content, temperature and ventilation via mixing were provided by a centralized control apparatus including PLC, water tank and water jacket systems. These features induced higher microbiological activity of aero-thermophiles.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushroom species. In the breeding of new button mushroom, 'Seolgang' was developed by crossing two monokaryons 'CM020913-27' and 'SSU423-31'. Because of the secondarily homothallism, only a small percentage of the basidia produce 3 or 4 spores, which are mostly haploid (n) and do not fruit. Single spore cultures derived from these types of spores produce a vegetative mycelium that also contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell called monokaryon. The lack of clamp connections between monokaryon and dikaryon required a series of mycelial culture and fruiting test. After crossing, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. For this, the spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of 'Seolgang' on CDA was better at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of '505 Ho'. The mature cap shape of new strain 'Seolgang' is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 41.2 mm on average. In comparison with white strain '505 Ho', the strain had a yield that was 9% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 19% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 3-4 days later than those of '505 Ho'. The physical characteristics such as elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness were better than that of '505 Ho'. Genetic analysis of the new strain 'Seolgang' showed different profiles compared to '505 Ho', CM02913-27, SSU413-31, when RAPD primers A02 and O04 were used.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2016

Since development of the first Korean button mushroom cultivar 'Sae-Ah' in 2010, mushroom farmers have demanded an improved cultivar. Although a new cultivar, 'Saejeong', was developed in 2011, this cultivar has thus far been difficult to cultivate in typical mushroom farms. To solve this problem, another new cultivar, 'Saedo', was developed in 2012. This new cultivar was selected by genetic analysis from crossing the heterokaryon line A175 and the homokaryon line ASI1346-15. The heterokaryon A175 was a crossed line between strains ASI1038-211 and ASI1346-20. The mycelium of 'Saedo' showed good growth on compost dextrose agar at $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological traits such as the pileus (cap) and stipe of the 'Saedo' cultivar were thicker than those of the reference control 'Saejeong', and the production yield was increased by 1.89-fold compared to that of the reference control. A field experiment of the 'Saedo' cultivar has been ongoing since 2013. The yield of the 'Saedo' cultivar was found to be substantially higher than that of the reference control during the $2^{nd}$ flush.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.98-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop revegetation methods for the restoration of the steep slopes by recycling of bark compost and mushroom media. In general, bark compost and mushroom media can be used as soil media for the restoration works, because they can increase infiltration of rainfall and give enough porous to breathe and elongate for the root growth as well as environmental value. This experiment was carried out to know the effect of soil media composed by different ratio of mushroom media for the restoration of steep rock-exposed slopes, and to certificate how soil media(PEC) will be effective to germinate and grow for native plants. The main results of the study are summarized as follows; 1. In percent coverage, the soil media PEC1 is more valuable than PEC2. The seed mixtures recommended by Government of Transportation and Construction can be used at PEC1 and PEC2, but it will be more useful if the total amount of seed are reduced and seed mixtures are altered in a direction of native plants. 2. The soil media is under 20 mm tested by Yamanaka Hardiness Tester which is available for the seed germination and growth. 3. The surface cracks are not occurred in PEC1 and PEC2, but more than 30 cracks per 1 square meter are occurred at soil media which is constructed by normal soil-seed-fertilizer hydro-seeding methods. 4. The soil moisture contents are over 20 percent level during 15 day. Such moisture content in soil media will be effective for the plant growth. By using Terra-Control, PEC can maintain enough soil moisture. 5. The eroded soils from $60^{\circ}$ slopes by artificial rainfall with the intensity of 20 mm/hr in one day after seeding are estimated under 1%. By the results of erosion test, it comes to the conclusion that soil media of PEC can be adapted at steep rock exposed slopes.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.169-181
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to produce Pleurotus ostreatus using fermenter with bag cultivation. These results are as follows. 1. While mushroom composts were being fermented in a fermenter, the physical property of the fermented composts was getting better when there isn't any screw or revolving flies in the fermenter and the strength of pressing the composts was getting less. 2. The composts were fermented well as slaked lime of 1% density added to the composts. 3. According to the result of examining our fermenting ways, composts were in the best condition after being fermented for 48 hours since the temperature in a fermenter has come to 60℃, which could be reached by heating the fermenter by 40℃ after putting compost materials and water into it. 4. The good condition of fermenting could be maintained by controlling the speed of revolving flies, therefore the speed be down when the temperature is above 60℃ and up bellow 60℃. 5. Since the composts had been added with 1.5~2% of cottonseed meal or rice bran, the fermented composts were in good condition and also the quantity and quality of the mushroom produced on the fermented composts were satisfied. 6. There were needed 7 hours of labour for 3days from the first day of putting composts into a fermenter for fermenting 3.5M/T(10,000~12,000bags of 750~800g per bag) of composts to the third day of finishing the fermenting work, and also the cost was 112,066￦(130$) including 52,066￦(60$) of electric charge and fuel expense.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2020

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of composting spent mushroom substrate (SMS) materials of Lentinula edodes (Le), Hericium erinaceus (He), and Pleurotus ostreatus (Po). The different SMSs were composted for 7 to 10 days at high temperatures over 50℃; the composting procedure was completed in 30 days. A maturity test was conducted using the radish seed germination index and CoMMe-100. The composted SMS (CSMS) from Le and He showed gemination indices of 130% and 81%, respectively, that satisfied the criteria of maturity standard (gemination index over 70%) and the CoMMe-100 analysis. The physicochemical changes of CSMSs included an increase in the pH range from 4-5 to 6-7, slight reduction in the EC to 1-1.4 dS/m, and an organic content of 36.9% in LeCSMS. In LeCSMS, the contents of N, P, and K were 1.2%, 2.3%, and 0.77%, respectively, and heavy metals were detected below the standard value in all CSMSs; the Ca and Mg contents in the CSMSs were increased from 30% to 60% when compared to those in the SMSs. The C/N ratio (from 26-33) in LeSMS and HeSMS decreased to 15.3-15.9 in CSMSs. The growth effect of LeCSMS treatment on pepper seedlings was 60% higher than that in the control groups, one of which was treated with commercial organic compost; the former showed a superior growth effect on the leaf width, leaf length, and leaf number compared to other control groups. In conclusion, LeCSMS and HeCSMS could be utilized as compost resources capable of efficient soil amendment and plant growth promotion.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

A total of 179 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from oyster mushroom substrates in Korea. On the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics, Trichoderma isolates were divided into seven groups, namely T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, and two unidentified species, referred to as Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2. The predominant species was Trichoderma sp. 2 (n=86) followed by Trichoderma sp. 1 (n=52). Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2 were morphologically distinct not only from the other species of Trichoderma reported but also from each other in the characteristics such as mycelial growth rate, colony appearance, shape of conidia and conidiophores and branching pattern of phialides, although branching pattern of phialides of Trichoderma sp. 1 was similar to that of T. harzianum. In virulence test, the degree for compost colonization of Trichoderma sp. 2 was significantly greater than that of the other Trichoderma species. Trichoderma sp. 2 was found to be the main cause of green mold disease in oyster mushroom production. More work including molecular characterization is needed to confirm the species of Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1971

Four species of Trichoderma causing green mildew of Agaricus bisporus were isolated from 38spots of mushroom growing areas in Korea. These are T. koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum and an unidentified species, and their frequencies of occurrence are $50\%,\; 32\%,\; 13\%; and\; 5\%$ respectively. All of these species grew well in potato dextrose, Waksman's and Richard's solution, and preferred acid (pH. 4) to neutral. The temperature in mushroom trouse should be kept at $15^{\circ}C$ during cropping period, not only for the high yield of mushroom but also for the prevention of green mildew of mushroom caused by Trichoderma spp . T. lignorum was killed in soil on an exposure of 60 minutes at $70^{\circ}C$ and when exposed for 30minutes at $80^{\circ}C$. Peak heat procedure of compost eliminated T. lignorum and T koningi.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1997

The change of industrial structure has brought the sharp declination of mine products, and has made many mines closed, which results in environmental pollution by untreated acid mine drainage(AMD). AMD with low pH and high concentration of heavy metals could severely destroy the ecosystem. Many researches have been carried out for the treatment of AMD. In this study, we have treated AMD with oak compost, mushroom compost, sludge cake and cow manure which usually used in AMD treatment systems, and compared the capability of each organic matter. Cow manure and oak compost have been most effective among 4 organic materials. Oak compost removed the heavy metals by ion exchange between Ca-rich particles and soluble heavy metal ions. It also captured the heavy metals using bound functional groups like -OH and -COO-. Sulfate reducing bacteria existing in the cow manure removed effectively heavy metals by producing metal sulfide compound. Therefore, it is effective to use both organic materials in mixture on the treatment of AMD.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2013

The effects of the composition of a mixture containing food waste compost (FWC), rice bran (RB), and oak sawdust (SD) on the antler-type fruiting body (FB) yield of Ganoderma lucidum were studied. Experiments were performed using 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% (w/w) FWC added to a basal growth medium consisting of 20% (w/w) RB and 80% (w/w) SD. The content of 15% FWC gave the highest FB yield ($27.0{\pm}1.3$ g/bottle), which was 44% higher than the yield ($18.6{\pm}2.8$ g/bottle) of the control treatment. However, FWC contents of 20~40% showed reduced yield (2.4~23.0 g/bottle), partly because FWC had a high Na concentration (0.6%). These results demonstrate the potential for use of FWC as a component of a growth medium for production of G. lucidum FBs.