• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2023

We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named 'Charmjon', using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon's mycelial growth was found to be 25℃, and its mycelial growth at 15℃ and 25℃ was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2014

Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) in Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 17 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has been increased through out the world last decade years. Production of mushrooms has also been increased 10-20% and many varieties have been cultivated. Similar trends were also observed in Korea. Approximately two hundred commercial strains of 37 species in mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. Somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom 'Wonhyeong-neutari' were developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to grower in 1989. The fruiting body yield index of somatic hybrids of Pleurotus ranged between 27 and 155 compared to parental values of 100 and 138. In addition, more diverse mushroom varieties such as Phellinus baumi, Auricularia spp., Pleurotus ferulae, Hericium erinaceus, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, Agrocybe aegerita and Pleurotus cornucopiae have been attempted to cultivate in small scale cultivation. Production of mushrooms as food was 190,111 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if include mushroom factory products; 1dollar = 1,040 Won) in 2011. Major cultivated species are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which cover 90% of total production. Since mushroom export was initiated from 1960 to 1980, the export and import of mushrooms have been increased in Korea. Technology developed for liquid spawn production and automatic cultivation systems lead to the reduction of the production cost resulting in the increasement of mushroom export. However some species were imported because of high production cost for these mushrooms requiring the effective cultivation methods. Developing of effective post-harvest system will be also directly related to mushroom export. In academic area, RDA scientists have been conducting mushroom genome projects. One of the main results is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. An electrophoretic karyotype of of F. velutipes was obtained using CHEF with 7 chromosomes, with a total genome size of approximately 26.7 Mb. The mususcript of the genome of F. velutipes was published in PLOS ONE this year. For medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting the genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods using this mushroom. In 2013, Korea Food and Drug Administraion (KFDA) approved Cordyceps mushroom for its value as an immune booster.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

Shiitake breeding requires the procedures of mating of two different parental strains and selection of hybrid strains that have good traits for the mushroom production. In this study, we tested the possibility of the use of chromogenic plate-based assay for extracellular enzyme production in order to assess and find good biochemical properties-possessed hybrid strains that were generated from genetic cross of the monokaryotic strains derived from two different parental strains of Lentinula edodes Sanjo-101ho and Sanjo-108ho. We observed that there was difference in the ability of producing ${\beta}$-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease among the monokaryotic strains. We could also comparatively assess that the ability of the seven extracellular enzymes production in the hybrid strains depended on the mating combination of the monokaryotic strains. Our results demonstrate that the assessment method for extracellular enzyme production using chromogenic plate assay could be usefully applied to the assessment of the hybrid strains derived from the breeding procedure of L. edodes.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2014

Commonly known as the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species of edible fungi. In the breeding of new button mushroom, Seolwon was developed by crossing two homokaryons. Because of the predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle, only a small percentage of homokaryotic meiospores are produced, which do not fruit. Homokaryotic cultures derived from these types of single spores produce a vegetative mycelium that contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell. After crossing two homokaryons, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. The spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of Seolwon on CDA was better at $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of Seolgang. The mature cap shape of new strain Seolwon is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 39.7 mm on average. In comparison with white strain Seolgang, the strain had a yield that was 11% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 9.7% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 1-2 days later than those of Seolgang. The physical characteristics such as springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, gumminess were better than that of Seolgang.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2018

In Korea, the oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is highly preferred by consumers in the food industry and makes up about 97.7% of the total forest mushroom production. This indicates that the oak mushroom is an important non-timber forest product in Korea. Recently, the breeding and development of new cultivars of L. edodes have been actively initiated, and the development of molecular markers that are able to identify and discriminate the new cultivars is crucial for protecting the breeder's rights. This study was carried out to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for the identification and discrimination of a new cultivar, Sanmaru 2ho from the 37 other oak mushroom cultivars. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the $1,803,483^{rd}$ position of scaffold2 in the genome of Sanmaru 2ho. The amplified DNA containing the SNP of Sanmaru 2ho was uniquely not cleaved by the restriction enzyme, Hha I, and thus Sanmaru 2ho was successfully distinguished from the other oak mushroom cultivars.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2016

Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of Agaricus bisporus, two strains of A. bitorquis, and one strain of A. silvaticus, from 17 countries were used. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IGS1 rDNA in these 37 Agaricus strains confirmed that genetic variations exist, not only among the four domestic strains, but also between the four domestic strains and foreign strains. Crossing two different haploid strains of A. bisporus seems to generate genetic variation in the IGS1 region in their off-spring haploid strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS1 sequence revealed all A. bisporus strains could be differentiated from A. silvaticus and A. bitorquis strains. Five genetic groups were resolved among A. bisporus strains. Saejung and Saeyeon cultivars formed a separate genetic group. Our results suggest that IGS1 could be complementarily applied in the polymorphism analysis of button mushroom.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.288-293
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• 2010

'Cham', a new cultivar of Agrocybe aegerita, was bred by crossing between monokaryotic strains isolated from GMAG45021 and 'Beodeulsongi1ho' in Mushroom Research Station, Gyonggi Province A.R.E.S. in 2007. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of 'Cham' was 26 to $28^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium, whereas that of 'Beodeulsongi1ho'(control) was 24 to $26^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature for the primordial formation and fruiting body development of 'Cham', as well as 'Beodeulsongi1ho', was 18 to $20^{\circ}C$. In the bottle cultivation, the spawn run period of 'Cham' at 22 to $23^{\circ}C$ was around 38 days and the period from scratching of inoculum to harvest was 12 days. These characteristics of 'Cham' were not different from those of 'Beodeulsongi1ho'. However, 'Cham' had more dark brown-colored, and thicker and stronger pileus, and longer and thicker stipe compared to that of 'Beodeulsongilho'. Freshness of 'Cham' was maintained for 10 days at the storage temperature of $4^{\circ}C$, while that of 'Beodeulsongi1ho' was maintained for 8 days. Moreover, the yield of fruiting bodies of 'Cham' was $141g/850m{\ell}$ bottle, which was similar to that of 'Beodeulsongi1ho'. Both 'Cham' and 'Beodeulsongilho' have lower resistivity against Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2018

Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most commercially important mushrooms cultivated in Korea. However, the shelf-life of the fruiting body is short, limiting its export. A new hybrid strain H17 of P. eryngii was developed to extend the shelf-life by mono-mono crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from DanBi and KNR2774. Although the cultivation period of H17 was slightly longer than that of the reference cultivar Kenneutari No.2, the quality did not change and remained normal after a period of 65.0 days at $4^{\circ}C$. This result was significantly different from that of the reference cultivar Kenneutari No.2. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new hybrid strain H17 revealed a different profile from that of the parental and reference cultivars when random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers was used. These results demonstrate that H17 is a new cultivar with improved storability after harvesting.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2009

The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one of the most important edible mushrooms worldwide. The mechanism of P. ostreatus fruiting body development has been of interest both for the basic understanding of the phenotypic change of the mycelium-fruiting body and to improve breeding of the mushrooms. Based on our previous publication of P. ostreatus expressed sequence tag database, 1,528 unigene clones were used in macroarray analysis of mycelium, fruiting body and basidiospore developmental stages of P. ostreatus. Gene expression profile databases generated by evaluating expression levels showed that 33, 10, and 94 genes were abundantly expressed in mycelium, fruiting body and basidiospore developmental stages, respectively. Among them, the genes specifically expressed in the fruiting body stage were further analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot to investigate temporal and spatial expression patterns. These results provide useful information for future studies of edible mushroom development.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2004

To develop neohaplonts for Ganoderma breeding, protoplasts were isolated from dikaryotic mycelium and regenerated. Selection rate of neohaplonts varied between ASI7074, ASI7091, ASI7094, ASI7100 and ASI7115, showing 5.24% on the average. Auxotropic mutants from Ganoderma monokarions were recovered by UV irradiation on protoplasts. Protoplast survival rates were 1.9% ASI 7074, 0.17% ASI 7091, and zero percent ASI 7100 using 300 second irradiation. Four auxotrophic strains were recovered from 1,536 colonies screened that will be further utilized for protoplast fusion and transformation.