• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.589-598
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• 2021

White strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus are more difficult to cultivate than are brown strains; therefore, new white strain breeding strategies are required. Accordingly, we constructed the genetic map of H. marmoreus with 1996 SNP markers on 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1380.49 cM. Prior to analysis, 82 backcrossed strains (HM8 lines) were generated by mating between KMCC03106-31 and the progenies of the F1 hybrid (Hami-18 × KMCC03106-93). Using HM8, the first 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits were detected with high limit of detection (LOD) scores (1.98-9.86). The length, thickness, and hardness of the stipe were colocated on LG 1. Especially, length of stipe and thickness of stipe were highly correlated given that the correlation coefficients were negative (-0.39, p value ≤ .01). And a typical biomodal distribution was observed for lightness of the pileus and the lightness of the pileus trait belonged to the LG 8, as did traits of earliness and mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Therefore, results for color traits can be suggested that color is controlled by a multi-gene of one locus. The yield trait was highly negatively correlated with the traits for thickness of the stipe (-0.45, p value ≤ .01). Based on additive effects, the white strain was confirmed as recessive; however, traits of mycelial growth, lightness, and quality were inherited by backcrossed HM8 lines. This new genetic map, finely mapped QTLs, and the strong selection markers could be used in molecular breeding of H. marmoreus.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.711-716
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• 2010

'Sanggang', a new cultivar of Agrocybe aegerita, was bred with mating between monokaryotic strains isolated from 'GMAG45109' and 'GMAG45107' in Mushroom Research Station, Gyonggi Province A.R.E.S. in 2009. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of 'Sanggang' was 26 to 28$^{\circ}C$ on PDA(potato dextrose agar) medium. The optimum temperature for the primordia formation and fruiting body development of 'Sanggang', was 18 to 20$^{\circ}C$. In the bottle cultivation of 'Sanggang', the period of spawn running was around 38 days at 22 to 23$^{\circ}C$ and the period from scratching of inoculum to harvest was 12 days. These characteristics of 'Sanggang' were not different from those of 'Mihwang' (control). 'Sanggang' had brown-colored pileus, whereas 'Mihwang' had yellowish brown-colored one. In bottle cultivation, 'Sanggang' hada little smaller but stronger stipe and pilus than 'Mihwang', and 'Sanggang', as well as 'Mihwang', had upright stipe. And 'Sanggang' was shown to have lower veil opening ratio than that of 'Mihwang' at harvest time.The yield of fruiting bodies of 'Sanggang' was 134 g/850ml bottle, which was similar to that of 'Mihwang'. Resistance of'Sanggang' against Trichoderma spp., as well as 'Mihwang', was weak. Freshness of 'Sanggang' was maintained for 13 days under storage temperature 4$^{\circ}C$, while that of 'Mihwang' was maintained for 10 days.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2017

Hypsizygus marmoreus is a mushroom with abundant flavor and medicinal properties. However, its application is limited by problems such as long cultivation period, low biological efficiency, and microbiological contamination; therefore, there is a substantial need for development of new cultivars of this species. In this study, 55 strains of H. marmoreus were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis to identify markers for the selection of mother strains for breeding from the collected germplasm. ISSR 13 and 15 were confirmed as polymorphic markers. The three strains (KMCC03106, KMCC03107, and KMCC03108) with white cap color were found to be genetically closely related upon UPGMA analysis of both ISSR 13 and 15. Based on the PCR analysis results for ISSR 15, the collected germplasm were differentiated into three groups according to the strain collection year. Thus, ISSR 15 could be a marker for determining the phylogeny of cap color and genetic variations according to the strain collection year. These results suggest that ISSR markers can be effective tools for the selection of mother strains for breeding of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.144-213
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• 2006

The mushroom production reached to 1000 billion won in monetary value in Korea. We, however, do not have systematic terminology dictionary published yet. Recently new varieties of medicinal mushrooms in addition to culinary mushrooms are being introduced steadily through out the world. This makes the necessity of coordinated and consistent arrangement of terms involved in culture, cultivation and physiological aspects of mushrooms. Various components in relation to the medicinal and physiological functionality also poses ambiguity in terminology along with the terms used in breeding and genetic researches. Moreover, some of the scientific terms are being used erroneously. In order to help mushroom cultivators, students, and mushroom business personnel in understanding the terms on mushroom science and technology we intended to collect and organize all the terms related to mushroom morphology and cultivation, poison and medicinal functionality, processing and utilization, and so on. Thirteen professionals from each field participated in this project. The fields included here are : 1) Genetics and breeding of mushrooms, 2) Cultivation and physiology of mushrooms, 3) Taxonomy and ecology of mushrooms, 4) Processing and functional components, 5) Blight and insects of mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2014

To develop a new cultivar of King oyster mushroom white variety (Pleurotus ferulae), GW10-68 as parental strain was selected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strain ASI 2798-24 derived from ASI 2798 and dikaryotic strain ASI 2803. The GW10-95(ASI 2803 ${\times}$ ASI 2798-24) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and designed as 'Beesan No.2'. The 'Beesan No.2' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains ASI 2803, ASI 2798 and Beesan No.1. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar 'Beesan No.2' showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains, ASI 2803, ASI 2798 and 'Beesan No.1', when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP4 was used. The optimum temperature and pH arrange for mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 123.3 g. And also the stipe was long. This new cultivar 'Beesan No.2' of Pleurotus ferulae was characterized white-like variety of King oyster mushroom in the color of stipe, that was long and low yield compared to that of other cultuvar 'Beesan No.1'. We therefore expect that this new strain will increase of export and substitute cultivar of King oyster mushroom.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

'Sunjung', a new variety of golden oyster mushroom was bred in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. This oyster mushroom was selected one which mate with monokaryon collected from KME20064 and KME20066. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was about 26 ~$28^{\circ}C$ and that for the primordia and growth of fruitbody was about $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. Compared to the control which took 25 days of incubation period, Sunjung required 21~22days. It grew primordia after developed a lump of mycelium. In the characteristics of fruit body, pileus was infundibuliform of yellow-color and stripe was slender/long shape of white color. The yield was 112.9g/850cc bottle and 275.5g/2kg P.P bag.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.256-259
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• 2021

Currently, button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed mushroom in the world. However, despite of its importance in food market, molecular genetic modification method for breeding of A. bisporus is not well established. In this study, we optimized yield of A. bisporus protoplast with Lysing enzyme, Chimax-N and cellulase. With this composition, 1.0 × 10⁸/mL of protoplasts were obtained reliably. PEG-mediated transformation with spermidine showed almost 100-fold higher yield than non-spermidine method.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) strains from diverse origins were compared in this study to obtain basic information on their growth and biochemical properties that are helpful for breeding. Among 31 dikaryotic strains tested, most strains showed better mycelial growth on oatmeal agar than on MEA and PDA. Mycelia of the mushroom strains revealed ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity the most clearly among the seven extracellular enzymes tested. All the strains showed protease activity, but ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was found in 27 strains and xylanase activity was found in 30 strains. The activity of avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, and pectinase was detected in less than 20 strains. These results implied that enzymatic characteristics could be used as a criterion of strain selection for breeding study.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2019

The two most common mushroom species grown in Korea are pearl oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and king oyster mushroom (P. eryngii). In recent years, the production of king oyster mushroom greatly increased due to the automation of the cultivation facilities, and it became a major export mushroom owing to its excellent shelf life. However, the increase in the production of king oyster mushroom led to a decline in its market price; thus, necessitating the development of new mushroom species that could replace king oyster mushroom, to diversify the mushroom market for the benefit of both, the producers and the consumers. The Mushroom division at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) reported the development of a new interspecific hybrid between P. ferulae and P. tuoliensis, referred to as 'Creamy.' Two parental strains KMCC00430 (Bisan2ho, P. ferulae) and KMCC00461 (P. tuoliensis) were selected based on the results of genetic resource analysis, and their monokaryons were collected. About 1,000 Mon-Mon crosses were performed and 73 of them were selected. Following repeated cultivation tests and strain analyses, we selected strain 7773, which had a bright creamy pileus and a thick straight stipe, and named it 'Creamy.' Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Creamy was 25-30℃, and that for fruiting body growth was 16℃. The pileus, which had a brighter creamy color, was small in size with a diameter of 61.2 mm. Although it was cultivated in suboptimal conditions, such as low temperature and high CO₂ concentration, Creamy was characterized by its straight and smooth stipe. Field production tests and further analyses indicated that the yield of Creamy was 5% higher than that of Baekhwang. It is expected that Creamy, the new interspecific hybrid with a bright creamy pileus and a pleasant flavor, will help create new opportunities for mushroom farmers and diversify the mushroom market.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

To develop a new cultivar of King oyster mushroom white variety (Pleurotus ferulae), GW10-95 as parental strain was selected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strain ASI 2850-24 derived from ASI 2850 and dikaryotic strain ASI 2803. The GW10-95(ASI 2803 ${\times}$ ASI 2850-24) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and designed as 'Beesan No.1'. The 'Beesan No.1' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains ASI 2803 and ASI 2850. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar 'Beesan No.1' showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains, ASI 2803 and ASI 2850, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP6 was used. The optimum temperature and pH arrange for mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 245 g using demonstration farms. And also the stipe was thick and long. This new cultivar 'Beesan No.1' of Pleurotus ferulae was characterized by fast fruitbody formation, the stipe was thick and long and high quality yield compared to that of other cultuvars. We therefore expect that this new strain will increase of farmer's income by construction of stabilized production system.