• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

Stem bark extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance were found to contain two major bioactive components, esculetin and esculin. Esculetin substantially inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.8{\mu}M$, and reduced melanin synthesis in Melan-A cells. Moreover, esculetin suppressed melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $40{\mu}M$. Taken together, these results suggest that esculetin could serve as an effective skin-lightening agent that inhibits melanin production by regulating the activity of melanogenic enzymes.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2018

A low profile asymmetrical fractal boundary patch antenna based on reactive impedance surface (RIS) and a mushroom unit cell (MUC) is proposed and studied for dual band operation. The sides of the square patch antenna are replaced with asymmetrical half circled fractal curves for circular polarization operation at patch mode band. The fractal patch antenna is loaded with MUC for dual band operation. The antenna radiation characteristics are investigated and illustrated with both simulated and experimental results in detail. The 10-dB return loss bandwidth are 8.48% (3.21-3.49 GHz) and 2.59% (2.30-2.36 GHz) at upper and lower resonance frequencies, respectively. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 4.26% (3.21-3.35 GHz). A close agreement between simulation data with experimental results is observed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.233-236
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• 2015

This report is the result of devising a method for utilizing the device of the load cell to maintain a constant water content of the medium every day to prepare a cultural substrates with the mixer for growing mushrooms bottle cultivation. A load cell was device under the medium mixer. It is developed when the device reaches the weight calculated as amount of substrate bottled and number of the bottle, it is automatically terminated by water injection. In addition, measuring the water content of each medium and the total weight of the medium reaches the target moisture content were calculated by using the program Cheong et al. (2015). Enter the total weight of the medium on the display unit of the load cell, when starting the water supply to reach the weight-based mixing media, the water supply is stopped. This method can improve the convenience by reducing the user's trouble in repeated work medium prepared by automating water supply. The suitable moisture content of the mixed medium for some kind of mushroom can be improved by the composition accuracy. And mycelial culture period, primordial period, mushroom growing period is maintained even of the medium can be produced stably. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a stable management of the mushroom farm according to mushroom quality and quantity stable throughout the year.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 2012

In order to enhance the isolation level between two dual-band E-slot microstrip patch antennas, EBG structure which operates in UMTS Tx(1.92~1.98 GHz) and Rx(2.11~2.17 GHz) band is proposed. The proposed EBG structure made with a periodic array of two different size EBG unit cells which has a modified mushroom-type for isolation improvement between two antennas. They do not share a common ground plane of the microstrip patch antenna. Overall size of the fabricated antenna is $210.5mm{\times}117mm$. The two different EBG unit cell sizes are $15.6mm{\times}4mm$ and $17.4mm{\times}4mm$, respectively. It was etched on the FR-4 substrate(thickness=3.93 mm, ${\varepsilon}_r$=4.6). The experiment results show that the isolation level between antennas in Tx/Rx band were improved by about 9 dB and 12 dB, respectively, through the use of the proposed EBG structure.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Our study investigated the fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pleurotus ferulea. Fibrinolytic activity was investigated using the fibrin plate method. Thrombin inhibitory activity was used to analyze thrombin inhibitor assay. The DPPH assay was used to estimate anti-oxidative activity. Inhibition of NO production was measured for anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. An MTS assay was used to evaluate the effects of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pleurotus ferulea on cell viability. Our results showed the fibrinolytic activity to be strong in the ethyl acetate fraction at 1.33 plasmin units. The ethyl acetate fraction also showed high thrombin inhibitory activity at 94.45%. The anti-oxidative activity of the water extract was 37.01% and the anti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform fraction was 98.13%. These findings suggest that Pleurotus ferulea's extract and fractions could be applicable in the development of functional foods for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

This study was performed in order to analyze the fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, anti-oxidative, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and immuno-enhancing activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Grifola frondosa. Fibrinolytic activity was analyzed using the fibrin plate method, and thrombin inhibitory activity was assayed using the substrate H-D-Phe-piparg- pna. Anti-oxidative activity was estimated using the DPPH assay, and AChE inhibitory activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Immuno-enhancing activity was examined using the nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cell viability was determined using the MTS assay. Fibrinolytic activities were the highest in water extract (1.55 plasmin units/mL) followed by water fraction (0.85 plasmin units/mL). The thrombin inhibitory activities of the water and ethyl acetate fractions were determined to be 76.43% and 72.59%, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of chloroform and hexane fractions exhibited values of 95.14% and 94.74%, respectively. The butanol fraction showed the highest anti-oxidative activity at 94.47%. Anti-proliferating activity against Raw 264.7 cells showed no cytotoxicity. The production of NO in Raw 264.7 cells increased up to 2-fold by adding the water fraction compared to the untreated control. These results suggest that Grifola frondosa may serve as a useful functional food for the enhancement of immune function and the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.309-312
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• 2013

Fungal cell walls consist of various glucans and chitin. Fungi produce chitinases for their growth and development. The inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produces at least two different chitinases during its life cycle. Chitinase 1 (chi1) is expresses throughout its life cycle while chitinase 2 (chi2) is expressed at the mushroom autolysing phase. The cloned cDNA of chi1 is successfully expressed as a fusion protein with c-myc in Pichia pastoris, and purified by the affinity chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature of Chi1 was pH 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively when 4-nitrophenyl N,N',N"-triacetyl-${\beta}$-D-chitotrioside was used as the substrate. The $K_m$ value and $V_{max}$ for the substrate was 0.780 mM and 0.10 OD $min^{-1}unit^{-1}$, respectively. The addition of purified Chi1 resulted in total growth inhibition against several plant pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium graminearum and Trichoderma harzianum at the concentration of 60 ${\mu}g/ml$.