• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

미토콘드리아의 항상성은 미토콘드리아 생합성과 마이토파지(자가포식에 의한 미토콘드리아 분해)로 불리는 2가지 주요 과정들에 의해 정교하게 조절되고 있다. 지구성 운동 훈련에 반응하여 골격근에서 미토콘드리아 생합성에 관한 기전들은 잘 정립되어 있는 반면 지구성 운동 훈련 후 골격근의 마이토파지 조절 기전과 마이토파지와 미토콘드리아 생합성의 협응을 조절하는 기전은 아직 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 최근 연구들에 의하면 지구성 운동 훈련은 골격근에서 미토콘드리아 생합성, 미토콘드리아 역동성, 미토콘드리아 분해와 관련된 유전인자들의 발현을 증가시킨다고 하였다. 하지만 골격근에서 자가포식이 억제되었을 경우, 지구성 운동 훈련에 의한 미토콘드리아 생합성과 관련된 지표들인 Cox IV와 citrate synthase의 증가는 상쇄되었다. 따라서 자가포식과 마이토파지는 골격근의 미토콘드리아 생합성에 중요한 역할을 하며 정반대되는 이 두 과정(이화 또는 동화작용)의 협응 과정이 지구성 운동 훈련에 반응하여 대사적 기능과 지구력 운동 수행능력을 향상시키는 것과 같은 골격근의 적응에 중요한 듯하다. 지구성 운동은 미토콘드리아의 일정한 숫자를 유지시키기 위해 미토콘드리아 생합성, 미토콘드리아의 융합과 분열, 자가포식/마이토 파지들의 각각의 과정들을 조절하는 것으로 여겨진다. 지구성 운동 훈련은 골격근에서 마이토파지를 활성화시켜 미토콘드리아 양과 질을 조절하여 늙고 건강하지 않은 미토콘드리아를 젊고 건강한 미토콘드리아로 교체시킬 수 있다. 이 총론에서 미토콘드리아 생합성과 마이토파지의 분자학적 기전과 서로 상반되는 이 두 과정간의 협응이 골격근의 지구성 훈련에 대한 세포적 적응에 관련한다는 내용이 논의될 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of game based weight-bearing training (GBWBT) on lower extremity muscle activation and balance in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group I (n=15) and control group II (n=15). Each group was provided intervention under two conditions, as follows: in the Game based weight-bearing training (group I), 30 minutes per day, five times per week, with physical therapy for 30 minutes, and in the functional weight-bearing training (group II), 30 minutes per day, five times per week, with physical therapy for 30 minutes The training program was conducted for a period of eight weeks. Subjects were measured on lower extremity muscle (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) by electromyography and balance by Biorescue. ANCOVA was performed for comparison of lower extremity muscle activation and balance between different intervention methods. All patients were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment protocol. Statistical significance was tested between the patients before and after treatment by t-test. Results: Significant difference in lower extremity muscle activation was observed in experimental group I compared with control group II (p<0.05). Significant difference in balance was observed in experimental group I compared with control group II (p<0.001). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that game based weight-bearing training may have a beneficial effect on improvement of lower extremity muscle activation and balance in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training on the physical fitness of male short distance athletes. Methods: Combined training was applied with CLT and isokinetric training three times a week for eight weeks. For CLT, elastic bands were used in the sitting and standing positions to gradually increase sprint and skating movements. Isokinetic training was conducted at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $180^{\circ}/sec$ to improve muscle strength and muscle power. Results: After the application of combined training, strength (hand force) improved from 42.25 kg to 47.30 kg. Muscle power for standing long jump improved from 240.00 cm to 248.80 cm, while the sergeant jump improved from 55.00 cm to 58.00 cm. Isokinetic testing showed that muscle strength ($60^{\circ}/sec$) improved from 315.65 %BW to 365.79 %BW for the left extensor and from 306.60 %BW to 325.00 %BW for the right extensor. The left flexor improved from 177.23 %BW to 189.47 %BW, but the right flexor decreased slightly from 210.87 %BW to 201.53 %BW. Muscle power ($180^{\circ}/sec$) improved from 254.00 %BW to 293.00 %BW for the left extensor and from 256.00 %BW to 272.00 %BW for the right extensor. The left flexor improved from 150.00 %BW to 162.00 %BW and the right flexor from 145.25 %BW to 182.00 %BW. Conclusion: Combined training could be used as a physical training program for male short distance athletes.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to suggest a more effective method by comparing the effects of changes in pain intensity, muscle strength, and athletic performance after applying a 6-week eccentric training program (ET-MWM) or concentric training program (CT-MWM) with MWM for high school baseball players with shoulder internal impingement (SII). Methods : A total of 75 participants were randomly assigned to each group and divided into two groups, "ET-MWM group (n=35)" and "CT-MWM group (n=32)" according to the intervention method. Pain intensity, muscle strength (external rotation, internal rotation), and athletic performance were first measured before the intervention, and after the intervention 3 times a week for a total of 6 weeks, both groups were re-measured in the same way. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity, biodex dynamometer for muscle strength (60 °/sec.), and Kerlan-Jobe orthopedic clinic shoulder & elbow score (K-KJOC) for athletic performance. Results : As a result of analyzing the homogeneity of the pre-intervention characteristics and initial measurement variables of the study subjects, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all variable values. Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly reduced in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). In addition, the maximum muscle strength of external rotation & internal rotation of the shoulder (60 °/sec.) and athletic performance (K-KJOC) were significantly increased in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). Conclusion : Compared with the CT-MWM training program, the ET-MWM training program reduced shoulder joint pain and further increased the muscle strength required for throwing motion in high school baseball players. As the result showed better athletic performance improvement, the ET-MWM training program can be clinically recommended as a more effective intervention.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of physical training on the utilization and recuperation of stored fuel with exercise in rats. For physical training, animals were exercised on treadmill for 30 minutes everyday. Forty eight rats were given either a physical training or no training for 4 weeks and were then subdivided into 3 groups: before-exercise (BE); during-exercise (DE); after-exercise (AE). The DE group was exercised on treadmill for 1 hour just before being sacrificed Animals in the AE group were allowed to take a rest for 2 hours after being exercised like the DE group. Glucose and free fatty acids were compared in plasma. Glycogen and triglycerides were compared in liver and skeletal muscle. Protein were compared in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Plasma glucose levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group. Muscle glycogen levels of trained group were significantly higher than those of non-trained group. Liver glycogen level of trained group was also significantly higher than that of non-trained group in DE while was not significantly different from those of non-trained group in BE and AF. Plasma free fatty acid levels of trained group were significantly higher than those of non-trained group in BE and AE. Muscle triglyceride levels of trained group tended to be higher than those of non-trained group in BE and DE and significantly higher than those of non-trained group in AF. Plasma and muscle protein levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group. liver protein levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group in BE and DE but were significantly higher than that of non-trained group in AE. Thus, it is suggested that an even moderate physical training may delay the onset of fatigue and improve exercise performance by facilitating the mobilization and oxidation of fat and conserving limited carbohydrate store.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

본 연구는 다운증후군을 가진 아동($9{\sim}12$세) 9명을 대상으로 12주간의 근력, 평형성, 보행 동작 훈련이 보행과 관련된 운동학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 규명하는 것이다. 근력, 평형성, 보행의 변화를 관찰하기 위해서 훈련이 시작되어 12주가 경과한 시점에서 사전 검사와 동일한 방법으로 보행의 운동학적 변인을 측정하였다. 보행의 운동학적 특성은 3차원 영상분석법을 통하여 산출하였다. 12주간의 근력, 평형성, 보행훈련 후에 골반의 회전이 감소하였으며, 무릎과 엉덩 관절의 굴곡이 증가하였으며, 다리를 스윙할 때 엉덩관절의 외전이 감소하였다. 또한, 분당 보폭 수가 증가하였으며 보폭은 감소하였다. 결론적으로 다운증후군 아동들은 12주간의 근력, 평형성, 보행훈련 후에 보행의 운동학적 변인이 향상되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2020

본 연구는 지면의 유형에 따른 서스펜션 트레이닝의 효과를 분석하기 위해 14명의 건강한 남자 대학생을 대상으로 2종류의 다른 지면 편평한 지면, 짐볼을 이용한 불안정한 지면에 따른 서스펜션 트레이닝의 주목적인 코어 근육의 활성 특성을 연구하였다. 지면의 유형에 따른 코어 근육의 활성도를 측정하기 위해 EMG(Electromyography)를 활용하였고 측정부위는 복직근, 외복사근, 내복사근, 하부요추 기립근의 근활성도를 측정하였다. 측정변인은 각각의 코어 근육 별로 지면의 유형에 따라 근전도 신호를 표준화하기 위해 %MVC방법으로 측정하였다. 지면의 유형에 따른 코어 근육의 차이를 검증하기 위해 paired t-test를 실시하였으며 유의수준은 p<. 05로 설정하였다. 다양한 유형의 지면에 따른 코어 근육의 활성도에 관한 특성을 측정한 결과 두 지면 사이의 근육 별, 지면 별 차이점은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 이는 코어 근육의 트레이닝의 적용 시 반드시 불안정한 형태의 지면에서의 트레이닝 효과가 안정된 지면에서의 효과보다 우월하다는 통념을 다시 한 번 생각하게 하는 중요한 결과라 사료된다. 본 연구의 의미는 불안정한 지면이나 안정된 지면이 코어 근육 활성화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으므로 어떠한 운동프로그램이던지 정규화된 코어근육 강화프로그램을 실시해도 근육의 활성화에 차이가 없음을 의미한다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

This study performed in order to investigate the effect of isometric resistance exercise for vastus medialis oblique muscle with EMG(electromyography) biofeedback training which are applied to the patello-femoral joint of patients with osteoarthritis on the improve of function. The subjects had no neuromuscular disorders, and they were elder patients with osteoarthritis, 20 women. And the experiment was performed in control group, taping with EMG biofeedback training group respectively, and the measurement was carried out before and after the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment. Motor unit action potential analysis with surface electromyography showed a significant change in RMS(root mean square) amplitude and MDF(median frequency) in vastus medialis oblique muscle(p<0.05). VMO/VL(vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis oblique) MDF ratio showed a significant change between groups(p<0.05). Taping with EMG biofeedback training applied to patello-femoral joint of osteoarthritis patients appeared to be effective for muscle function improvement. However, increase of muscular force in vastus medialis oblique muscle appears to have a positive effect on improve of function along with correction effect on patella malalignment. In conclusion, in case of osteoarthritis patients with loss of patello-femoral joint function, it appears to be effective to practice isometric resistance exercise of vastus medialis oblique muscle selective with taping.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of elastic band resistance training for muscle strength among community-dwelling older adults. The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Data were pooled using fixed effect models. Sit to stand, arm curl, and grip strength were analyzed for main effects. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistics and publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Twelves studies were included representing 611 participants. Elastic band resistance training was effective for lower (d=3.89, 95% CI: 3.03, 4.75) and upper extremity muscle strength (d=4.08, 95% CI: 2.94, 5.23). Heterogeneity was moderate and no significant publication bias was detected. Based on these findings, there is clear evidence that elastic band resistance training has significant positive effects on muscle strength among community-dwelling older adults. Further study will be needed to perform subgroup analysis using number of sessions and exercise intensity as predictors.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of low-intensity muscle training on neurotransmitters associated with depression and emotion regulation disorders in survivors with stroke who were diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder. Methods : Survivors of chronic stroke diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder (n = ) were included in the study. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured before and after. Low-intensity muscle training was performed once a day for 50 minutes, 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Result : Levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine improved significantly after intervention (p < .05). Conclusion : These results confirm that low-intensity muscle training has a positive effect on neurotransmitter concentrations in survivors with stroke diagnosed with depression and emotion regulation disorders. Future studies should analyze the changes in neurotransmitters in more detail using various exercise methods and intensities to investigate their effects on depression and emotion regulation disorders.