• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an exercise with and without neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the quadriceps femoris muscle, on strength, pain, and weight distribution in patients with knee instability post surgery. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients in the early stage of rehabilitation after knee surgery were recruited as subjects and were randomly divided into either experimental group (exercise combined with NMES) (n=10) or control group (n=10). Both groups received strength training of the lower limb for 20 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The experimental group used NMES for unilateral quadriceps femoris training with incremental increases in the intensity of isometric contraction over 4 weeks. Outcome measurements were assessed using the digital manual muscle testing, 30-chair stand test (30CST), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and weight distribution using the foot analyzer before and after 4 weeks of training. Results: After the 4-week intervention, knee extensor strength increased significantly in the experimental group post intervention (p<0.05), and there was a significant improvement in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The 30CST and NPRS scores improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Weight distribution was significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group, (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in improvement between the two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that NMES combined with strengthening exercises of the lower limbs is effective in improving lower limb pain and strength in patients with instability after knee surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.68-72
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the effect of vibration exercise on the thickness of the oblique extrinsic, oblique abdominal, and biceps muscles, which are trunk muscles, targeting children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 children (8 male and 12 female) with cerebral palsy aged 5-10 years. They were classified into two groups using a randomized allocation method, and the trunk muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound-imaging device before and six weeks after the experiment. A paired t-test was used for the within-group changes, and an independent t-test was used for the inter-group changes. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in the inter-group change in the experimental group and control group in the intra-group change in the external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle. After six weeks, there was a significant increase in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Vibration exercise had a positive effect on the trunk muscle thickness of children with cerebral palsy. Vibration exercise produced a significant difference in the changes in the trunk muscle thickness in children with cerebral palsy compared to no vibration exercise. These results may provide basic data for future research and as a training method for strengthening the trunk muscles in clinical trials.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.915-918
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Ankle exercise on balance ability of stroke patients. Participants' balance ability were measured prior to the training and they conducted ankle exercise. As for ankle exercises, ankle stretching training and ankle muscle strengthening training were performed for 10 minutes respectively. They did warm up exercise for 5 minutes and then ankle exercise for 20 minutes. And then they did cooldown exercise for 5 minutes. Their balance ability was measured after 9 weeks. According to the results of analyzing the change of balance ability that timed up and go and Berg balance scale score significantly improved but in the control group it did not significantly decrease. In comparison between the groups, Berg balance scale score significantly improved in the ankle exercise group compared to the control group. Ankle exercise performed by stroke patients are considered to be effective in improving balance ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-128
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• 2003

This study tested whether repeated measurement of median frequency (MDF)-related variables could express the muscle power changes during a 12-week DeLome strengthening program, by using consecutive overlapping FFT (Fast Fourier transformation) and integrated EMG (IEMG) from surface EMG data for isometric and isotonic exercise. To evaluate the effect of training, the following were recorded every 3 weeks for the elbow flexors and knee extensors of 5 healthy male volunteers: MVC, lRM, limb circumference, and surface EMG during isometric MVC or isotonic contraction at 10RM load. From the EMG data, IEMG and variables from a regression analysis between MDF and time were obtained. MVC, lRM, IEMG, and initial MDF increased linearly over the training period. The fatigue index and slope of the regression line increased temporarily until the 6th week and decreased thereafter. From these results, there appeared to be enhanced neural recruitment of fast twitch fibers in the first 6 weeks and continued enhancement in the recruitment and hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers, which led to increased fatigue resistance, over the last 6 weeks. Accordingly, the MDF and IEMG analysis technique could demonstrate the effect of the program detected significant changes in both isometric and isotonic contractions. EMG analysis methods can be used to estimate the electrophysiological and histological changes in skeletal muscles during a strengthening program.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2001

Back extension exercises have been used for rehabilitation of the injured low back, prevention of injury, and fitness training programs. However, excessive loading on low back can exacerbate existing structural weakness. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity of low back muscles during back extension exercises. Twenty healthy male subject s were evaluated. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of low back muscles at L1 and L5 level were recorded during seven different back extension exercises and two reference tasks by surface EMG and saved for data analysis. Reference tasks of lifting 20% and 40% of their body weight were included for comparison. The result were as follows: 1) Single-arm extension and single-leg extension exercises on quadruped position appeared to constitute a low-risk exercise for initial extensor strengthening. 2) When arm extension was combined with contralateral leg extension on quadruped position, EMG activities of low back muscles were increased. 3) EMG activity of low back muscles was highest during the trunk extension exercises on prone position. 4) EMG activities of low back muscles during arm and leg extension exercises on quadruped position were less than those of reference task of lifting 40% of their body weight. These result s have important implications for progressive back extensor muscle strengthening exercises in patients with back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 2024

Background: The most common form of injury in soccer is a hamstring strain. Eccentric bias exercises are crucial for reducing injury risk and improving sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to compare a 4-week hip-dominant hamstring strengthening exercise program (HDE) with a knee-dominant hamstring strengthening exercise program (KDE) in youth soccer players. Method: The sample (n=31) was randomly divided into two groups: HDE (n=17) and KDE (n=14), with soccer players in HDE performing hip joint-dominant hamstring strengthening exercises and those in KDE performing knee joint-dominant hamstring strengthening exercises. Each intervention was conducted three times per week for four weeks. The outcome measures included the hamstring strength test (isometric strength test, eccentric strength test), knee joint range of motion (90/90 active knee extension; AKE) test, lower limb function test Y-balance test and Agility T-test. Results: Following the intervention, both groups showed significant improvement in isometric and eccentric hamstring strength on both dominant and non-dominant sides (p<.05). The AKE test showed significant improvement in the dominant leg (p<.05) and non-dominant leg only in KDE. The agility test significantly improved in HDE (p<.05). There was a slight improvement in the Y-balance test score; however, the difference was not statistically significant. There were no differences between the two groups in the values before, and after the intervention for all items. Conclusion: The hip-dominant and knee-dominant hamstring strengthening exercise should be coordinated and used based on the environment during hamstring injury prevention training.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a balance training program could improve the balancing ability of elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus. If yes, the results could lead to development of a method to prevent falls in elderly patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Subjects were 28 elderly patients with type II DM. Subjects were divided into a control and an experimental group with 14 patients in each group. The experimental group had a balance training program consisting of balance training and lower extremity muscle strengthening exercises. The exercise group met twice a week for 8 weeks. All subjects were evaluated using a force plate for the amount of postural sway. To determine the degree of diabetes, we measured Hemoglobin A1c. Results: Balance in the experimental group (p<0.05) increased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a balance training program should be recommended for improving balance and preventing falls in elderly type II DM patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of falls prevention exercise program(center of gravity control training, multiple sensory training, strategic posture training, ambulation training, muscle strengthening training) to balance and muscular strength in the elderly females. Methods : A total of 30 elderly womens participated in this study. All subjects have participated in exercise program on three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after of exercise program, They have measured about Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Time Up & Go (TUG), Sit to stand, Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Quality of Life (QOL). Results : The results of this study were as follows ; 1) There were statistically significant difference in the BBS, POMA, FES, QOL test on within-subject. 2) There were not significant difference in the TUG, Sit to stand test on within-subject. 3) The BBS was correlated with POMA and QOL. The POMA was also correlated with QOL. Conclusion : The result of this study shows that falls prevention exercise program was meaningful increasing of balance ability and quality of life on elderly women

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this current study is to compare the effectiveness of respiratory circulation function and tidal volume according to two different types of practice methods, in terms of breathing training program and abdominis muscle strengthening using a swiss ball. Methods: The subjects were consist 18 college students, were randomly and evenly assigned to either breathing training program group (BTG) or swiss-ball exercise group (SEG). Exercise program was applied for 60 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Before, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of exercises, the subjects were tested using the bruce protocol. The significance of differences between the BTG and the SEG was evaluated by analysis of two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in respiratory circulation function after both of exercise. Especially, there was significant difference between the before and after 6 weeks in the BTG. Also, change of respiratory circulation function in BTG was significantly greater than SEG. Tidal volume was no significant differences between the before and after 6 weeks in both groups. In addition, there was significant difference between BTG and SEG. Conclusion: These results suggest that direct breathing training program were more useful to improve of respiratory circulation function.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the elastic band on ballet arabesque based on kinematics analysis. Methods : To observe the effect of the elastic band, the availability of the elastic band during movement was set as the independent variable, and the dependent variables were set by using factors from two different categories such as motor mechanics and kinematics variables. For motor mechanics variable, the muscle activity and the center of pressure(COP)'s trajectory and velocity were used. Furthermore, the physical angle was used for kinematic variables. Data samples from the experiment was used to understand the correlation between independent and dependent variables while using paired samples t-test as a data analysis tool. Results : After analyzing the result of experiment, the usage of the Elastic band on ballet arabesque movement seemed to increase the activity of the agonistic muscle, which is mainly used for movement, and to improve the stability of the supporting leg by decreasing the trajectory and velocity of the center of pressure(COP). Moreover, the elastic band increased the level of elevation of the stretching leg with reducing the angle of the hip joint that resulted into a more stable movement and furthermore providing more beauty while standing on it. Conclusion : The movement training program while the using elastic band are expected to lead to appropriate muscular development and reduce the muscle imbalance, which usually occurs to dancers, during training with unfamiliar specific movements or strengthening muscular strength for a specific movement. In addition, this work is expected to be used as a training reference to understand and learn the fundamentals of movements of ballet and other dance fields.