• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.665-671
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• 1999

Post mortem bovine muscle. semitendinosus was used to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties. The muscle was cut into pieces of 2 cm in thickness and packaged with 2 different methods; vacuum-packaged and air-packaged. The packaged samples were irradiated at designated doses of 0, 1, 3 and 5 kGy by Cobalt-60 irradiator. Muscle protein solubility, purge loss, composition and contents of free amino acids, and shear force were observed during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. We found no significant differences in the purge loss and the contents of free amino acids. Muscle protein solubility slightly increased depending upon the increase of the dose. The decrease of shear force by gamma irradiation was observed. Therefore, it is considered that meat quality can be improved by gamma irradiation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 1990

It is the aim of this study to determine the effects of facial denervation on physiological properties of facial muscles and facial bones in growing rabbits. Experimental animals of fifty two Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits were employed. Unilateral dissection of facial nerve was carried out on twelve rabbits, bilateral dissection of facial nerve was made on another twelve rabbits and the other twenty rabbits were on unilateral dissection of facial nerve for the histochemical analyses. Six rabbits on the bilateral surgical sham operations and six rabbits of non-intervention served the control groups. EMG records of the orbicularis oris, buccinator and masseter muscles as well as lateral and dorsoventral cephalometric films were taken and analyzed at 0, 1, 2, 5 and 8 weeks respectively. The orbicularis oris, buccinator and masseter muscles of both sides were removed from the animals of the histochemistry group and muscle fibers were classified on the basis of histochemical staining for $\alpha$-GPD, NADH-D and myosin ATPase. EMG activities of orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles were vanished immediately after denervation. Recovery of activities were detected one week after denervation in buccinator and five weeks in orbicularis oris muscles. Histochemical properties of masseter muscles remained as fast glycolytic through the experimental period. Orbicularis oris muscle fibers showed the gradual diminution of size and ratio of the slow oxidative fibers accompanied with atrophy, phagocytosis and vacuolation as well as the augmentation of fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. The buccinator muscle manifested the augmentation of fast oxidative glycolytic fibers at five weeks of experiment. Visual changes in morphology of craniofacial area were not evident, however it variety of subtle changes were apparent from statistical analysis of cephalometric measurements. It is concluded facial nerve regulates the physiological properties of facial muscles and interrelation between the function of the facial muscles and changes of facial bones would be in some degrees.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Background: To evaluate whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in the pain point is a more effective treatment than the trigger point for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the upper trapezius. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the most effective areas when applying extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Methods: A total of 30 patients with MPS were randomly assigned to the trigger point in the ESWT (n = 15) and pain point ESWT (n = 15) groups. Interventions in both groups were performed in one session, i.e., 2,000 shocks with 1.5 bar intensity. Pain and function were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and cervical range of motion (ROM) and based on mechanical muscle properties. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures two-way analysis of variance to determine the significance probability between pre- and post-test. Results: Changes in mechanical muscle properties were not statistically significant between the two groups. However, VAS and cervical ROM showed statistically significant differences at pre- and post-intervention, regardless of the group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although no significant difference was observed in the intervention effect, applying an extracorporeal shock wave to the pain point rather than the pain trigger point should be considered in order to save time in effectively and accurately identifying the pain trigger point and site.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.991-999
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• 2004

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an efficient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with artificial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of polymers, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, eyes as well as provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven types of actuator modules such as eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is sufficient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and happiness. Each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol fur the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 1972

Natural actomyosin was extracted from the dorsal muscle of carp (Cyprinus carpio), and some Physico-chemical properties were determined. The sedimentation constant ($s_{20},\;_\omega$) of the purified skeletal muscle actomyosin was about 24.76s and the ATP sensitivity 147-176. The specific viscosity was rapidly ascended with the increase of protein concentration as other vertebrate actomyosins. ATPase activating site under the effect of pH variation was showed on the both sides of acid and base resembling with the tendency of rabbit skeletal muscle actomyosin, and found at 6.0 on the acidic side and at 9.5 on the basic side.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.427-437
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• 2000

The early studies of cardiac and smooth muscle cells provided evidence for two different calcium channels, the L-type (also called high-voltage activated [HVA]) and T-type (low-voltage activated [LVA]). These calcium channels provided calcium for muscle contractions and pace-making activities. As might be expected, the number of different calcium channels increased when researchers studied neurons and the identification of the neuronal calcium channels has proven to be much more difficult than with the muscle calcium channels. There are two reasons for this difficulty; (1) a larger number of different calcium channels in neurons and (2) many of the different calcium channels have similar kinetic properties. This review uses the N-type calcium channel to illustrate the difficulties in identifying and characterizing calcium channels in neurons. It shows that the discovery of toxins that can specifically block single calcium channel types has made it possible to easily and rapidly discern the physiological roles of the different calcium channels in the neuron, Without these toxins it is unlikely that progress would have been as rapid.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.374-379
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of frozen pork muscle which has been thawed using the ohmic thawing process, and to establish the optimal ohmic power intensity. The samples were frozen at $-40^{\circ}C$ and thawed at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 V by ohmic thawing. Increasing ohmic power intensity correlated with increased thawing rates. The relationship between ohmic power intensity and thawing rate can be represented as a polynomial function. The pH value decreased with increasing ohmic power intensity (p<0.05). With regard to color measurement, the $L^*$, a, and b values of thawing at all ohmic power intensities were not significantly different. The water holding capacity showed a peak value of 41.62% with an ohmic thawing intensity of 30 V. Cooking losses were lowest at the lowest ohmic thawing intensity of 10 V. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels with all thawing processes were slightly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Increasing ohmic power intensity did not tend to change the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) value.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.494-502
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate functional properties of reduced-salt pork meat products made of pre-rigor pork loin treated by different freezing temperatures (-30℃ and -70℃) during storage. Methods: Pre-rigor cured pork loin with 1.0% added salt was compared to post-rigor muscle added with 1.5% salt for pH, color (L^*, a^*, b^*), cooking loss (CL), expressible moisture, warner-Bratzler shear value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN). Results: Pre-rigor cured pork loins had higher pH and temperature than post-rigor ones as raw meat (p<0.05). pH values were higher for pre-rigor pork loins than those of post-rigor pork loins (p<0.05). Color values did not different among treatments (p>0.05). No color differences were observed during storage period after cooking (p>0.05). The CL (%) of pre-rigor cured pork loins was the lowest when frozen at -70℃. The TBARS and VBN increased from 8 weeks of storage (p<0.05), but no further changed thereafter (p>0.05). Pre-rigor cured pork loins added with 1.0% salt showed similar characteristics to post-rigor pork loins added with 1.5% salt. Conclusion: Cured pork loins could be produced using pre-rigor muscle added with 1/3 of the original salt level (1.5%) and could be stored for up to 4 wks of frozen storage, regardless of a frozen temperature of -30℃ or -70℃ without detrimental effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.464-469
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate a knowledge on food components of muscle and adductor muscle of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) as pearl processing byproducts. The concentrations of mercury and chromium as heavy metal were not detected in both pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle, and those of cadmium and lead were 0.06 ppm and 0.11 ppm in only pearl oyster muscle, respectively. Thus, the heavy metal levels of pearl processing byproducts were below the reported safety limits. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and pH of pearl oyster muscle were 11.6 mg/100g and 6.31 and those of abductor muscle were 8.6 mg/100 g and 6.33, respectively. It was concluded that pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle might not invoke health risk in using food resource. The contents of crude protein (16.5%) and total amino acid (15,691 mg/100 g) of adductor muscle were higher than those of muscle (11.2% and 10,131 mg/100 g) and oyster (12.1% and 11,213 mg/100 g) as a control. The contents of calcium and phosphorus were 95.4 mg/100 g and 116.0 mg/100 g in muscle, 75.2 mg/100g and 148.1 mg/100 g in adductor muscle, respectively. The calcium level based on phosphorus was a good ratio for absorbing calcium. The free amino acid contents and taste values were 635.5 mg/100 g and 40.2 in muscle, and 734.9 mg/100 g and 24.1 in adductor muscle, respectively, but that (882.8 mg/100 g and 40.2) of oyster was higher than those of pearl processing byproducts. Based on the results of physicochemical and nutritional properties, pearl oyster muscle and adductor muscle can be utilized as a food resource.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.108-120
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• 2004

Objective : Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine, commonly used to treat tumors in Korea and China for centuries. Several earlier studies have indicated that EA exhibits anti-tumor properties, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of EA in a human uterine leiomyomal smooth muscle cell (ULSMC) line. Methods : This study was evaluated by: (a), morphological changes by using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining; (b), DNA fragmentation by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL); and (c), sub-G1 cell analysis. Results : This study observed that EA treatment caused apoptotic cell death and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and that reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential was found to be involved in the initiation of apoptosis by EA. Conclusion : This results show that EA exerted clear cytotoxic effects and strongly inhibited the proliferation of ULSMC.