• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.512-530
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• 2023

The present study evaluated the effects of fermented whey protein using kimchi lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus casei DK211 on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy middle-aged males performing regular resistance exercises. Effective protein supplementation and regular exercise are two important factors for improving muscle health. Therefore, in this study, the effects of consuming fermented whey protein twice a day were investigated and compared with that of non-fermented supplementation. Forty-eight males (average age 44.8) were randomly assigned to two groups: Fermented whey protein supplementation (FWPS) and non-fermented whey protein concentration supplementation (WPCS) groups. Each group ingested 37 g of FWPS or WPCS twice a day for eight weeks. Body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Independent t-tests or chi-square tests for the categorical variables were performed for analyzing the observations. FWPS was effective in promoting the physical performance in dynamic balance measurement and muscle health, indicated through the increment in grip strength (left), upper arm circumference, and flat leg circumference from the baseline. However, similar improvements were not observed in the WPCS group. These results imply that whey protein fermented by L. casei DK211 is an effective protein supplement for enhancing muscle health in males performing regular resistance exercises.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.81-103
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the differences in masticatory performance, muscle activity, and patterns of occlusal contact between persons with natural dentition and removable partial denture wearers. Twenty healthy adult subjects with more than 28 teeth and thirteen removable partial denture wearers that classified Kennedy classification I was selected. The degree of pulverized rice and peanut was measured and analyzed by means of sieving method to compare the masticatory performance. For the muscle activity, EMG was recorded in selected muscles(Temporalis and masseter muscle) during mastication and resting state. The occlusal record in maximal intercuspation was taken with a silicone occlusal bite registration material for analysis of the patterns of occlusal contact. The obtained results were as follows: 1. When chewed peanuts, masticatory performance ratio at 10-sieve size was 81.31% in natural dentition group. In removable partial denture wearer, 27.01% without RPD and 69.09% with RPD. When chewed rice, 42.04%, 11.87%, and 21.58%, respectively. The differences of masticatory performance ratio between groups were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. 2. The mean EMG value in resting state was $1.06{\mu}V$ on temporal muscle, $0.98{\mu}V$ on masseter muscle in natural dentition group. In removable partial denture wearers, $1.13{\mu}V$ on temporal muscle, $1.05{\mu}V$ on masseter muscle without RPD and $1.11{\mu}V$ on temporal muscle, $1.04{\mu}V$ on masseter muscle with RPD. 3. The mean EMG value during mastication was $45.64{\mu}V$ in natural dentition group, and in removable partial denture wearers, $22.06{\mu}V$ without RPD and $31.01{\mu}V$ with RPD when chewed peanuts. When chewed rice, $45.24{\mu}V,\;25.53{\mu}V\;and\;32.14{\mu}V$, respectively. The differences of mean masticatory EMG value between groups were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. 4. The number of posterior occlusal contact point was 20.15 in natural dentition group and 11.92 in removable partial denture wearers. The area of perforated surface was $16.50mm^2$ in natural dentition group and $6.06mm^2$ in removable partial denture wearers. The area of contact surface was $78.93mm^2,\;51.52mm^2$, respectively. 5. The area of contact surface was effective to masticatory performance ratio in natural dentition group and removable partial denture wearers (p<0.05). From these results, it is concluded that in partially edentulous patient, masticatory efficiency can be improved by removable partial denture wearing, and for efficient mastication, tight occlusal contact surface shoud be maintained by maximum support that is provided from mucosa.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of WBV exercise on CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation according to different frequency of vibration in soccer player and also to find effective frequency for leading appropriate treatment reaction. Methods: Thirty three subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the three groups are WBV group using 20 Hz frequency, WBV group using 30 Hz frequency and squat exercise group according to training method. The exercise program was conducted for six weeks. Subjects were measured on CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation. Results: Significant difference in CMJ was observed in the group I, II compared with the group III (p<0.05). Results of post-hoc, showed a significant difference in CMJ in on group I, II compared with the group III, but no a statistically significant difference between group I and II. Significant difference in quadriceps muscle activation was observed in the group I, II compared with the group III (p<0.05, p<0.01). Results of post-hoc, significant difference in quadriceps muscle activation in on group I, II compared with the group III and significant difference between group I and group II. Conclusion: This research intervened WBV for soccer players and compared the differences of CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation; as a result of the effective frequency for improving performance, there is a significant difference in CMJ and quadriceps muscle activation of WBV group with comparison of control group; and it was proved that WBV is effective using 30 Hz frequency for improving quadriceps muscle activation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects muscle fatigue at the knee muscles on balance during standing in healthy adults. Methods Thirty healthy adults were recruited along with their written informed consent. Subjects were randomly assigned to knee extensor group (fatigue on knee extensor, KE), and knee flexor group (fatigue on knee flexor, KF). And subjects performed exercise with each muscle group until muscle fatigue was induced. They were assessed balance ability by functional reaching test (FRT), limit of stability (LOS), and postural sway (one leg standing, normal eye open (NO), normal eye close (NC), pillow with eye open (FO), and pillow with eye close (FC)) before and after fatigue. Results There were significant group differences balance performances in FRT, anterior of limit of stability, one leg standing, and the muscle fatigue of knee muscles were decreased balance performances. The balance performance was affected by visual sense and proprioception. Conclusions These results show that the muscle fatigue of knee muscles decreased balance performance. Therefore, balance exercise program should be trained without muscle fatigue.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1388-1400
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• 2004

Problems with the control, oscillatory motion and compliance of pneumatic systems have prevented their widespread use in advanced robotics. However, their compactness, power/weight ratio, ease of maintenance and inherent safety are factors that could be potentially exploited in sophisticated dexterous manipulator designs. These advantages have led to the development of novel actuators such as the McKibben Muscle, Rubber Actuator and Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Manipulators. However, some limitations still exist, such as a deterioration of the performance of transient response due to the changes in the external inertia load in the pneumatic artificial muscle manipulator. To overcome this problem, a switching algorithm of the control parameter using a learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) is newly proposed. This estimates the external inertia load of the pneumatic artificial muscle manipulator. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments with different external inertia loads.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2002

In most of the medical literature that discusses the common problem of movement in patients with cerebral lesions. This critical problem is ascribed to a mechanism involving uninhibited neural activity. The goals of neurological physical therapy are focus on reduce of muscle hypertonicity, facilitates muscle activities, and improve of performance in living environment. A variety of studies suggest that spasticity is a distinct problem and separate from the muscle weakness. It has become increasingly recognized that the major functional deficits following brain damage are largely due to negative features such as muscle weakness and loss of performance rather than spasticity. Adequate recruitment of prime mover, not release was able to carry out the movement tasks well. The strengthening exercise of spastic limbs on changes in muscle properties and performance skill, the repeated motor practice has been identified as crucial for motor recovery. This article support the concept that strengthening is an appropriate intervention to improve the quality of physical function in patients with central nervous system lesions. Further studies and therapeutic approaches should be efforts at improving motor neuron recruitment in agonist rather than reducing activity in antagonists while retraining muscle strengthening.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.825-833
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• 2002

The effects of dietary supplementation of Eleutherococcus senticosus, taurine and carnitine on maximal endurance exercise performance along with other related parameters were evaluated in rats that underwent aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks. Thirty-two male rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups, and fed experimental diets and/or aerobic exercise trained according to the protocol: SC (sedentary control group), EC (exercise-trained control group), EE (exercise-trained Eleutherococcus senticosus-supplemented group), and EETC (exercise-trained Eleutherococcus senticosus, taurine and carnitine-supplemented group). The food efficiency ratio of EC rats was significantly lower than the value for SC rats (p < 0.01). Exercise-trained control animals (92 $\pm$ 8.8 min) could run significantly longer until exhausted on the treadmill than sedentary control rats (11 $\pm$ 0.8 min) (p < 0.001). Animals fed an Eleutherococcus senticosus-supplemented diet, and an Eleuthherococcus sonticosus, taurine and carnitine- supplemented diet while undergoing aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks exhibited, respectively, 8 and 5 minutes longer running performance until exhausted than the rats fed the control diet. The gastrocnemius muscle glycogen concentration of the rats, measured at 48 hours post maximal exercise performance test, was 43% higher in EC rats than the value for SC rats (p < 0.05), but was not different among EC, EE, and EETC rats. The mitochondrial citrate synthase activity of the soleus muscle was significantly higher in EC rats compared to the value for SC rats (p < 0.01), and showed a tendency to increase, without statistical significance, in EE or EETC rats compared to the value for EC rats. These results indicate that aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks significantly improved maximal exercise performance, muscle glycogen content along with citrate synthase activity, which are important in the energy metabolism of muscle under aerobic exercise. Dietary supplementation of Eleutherococcus senticosus in rats while undergoing aerobic exercise training improved maximal endurance exercise performance without significantly affecting muscle glycogen content and enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism during exercise. Taurine and carnitine supplementation failed to show an additive effect on maximal endurance exercise performance when consumed along with Eleutherococcus senticosus.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The objective of research was to explore the effects of Kinesic taping treatment on Kayaker's athletic performance and muscle fatigue variable. In order to accomplish such study objective, this study employed 8 ordinary university students and 8 university kayaker's as study subjects. The athletic performance records and blood lactate were analyzed before and after Kinesic taping treatment (KTT). Kinesic taping treatment was applied to the regions of agonist such as vastus medialis muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Trapezius muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, and Triceps brachii muscle, which are major muscles for Kayaker's. Records for rest heart rate, athletic performance and blood lactate were measured upon 200m and 500m distance exercise using kayak ergometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA at significant level of a = .05. First, performance records of 200m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 60.13 second before and 58.75 second after kinesic taping treatment. University kayakers had a mean score of 58.75 second before and 53.0 second after kinesic taping treatment. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. In addition, levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 5.89mM before and 8.90mM after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 5.79mM before and 8.48mM after KTT. The ANOVA showed that the level of ordinary university students' blood lactate was significantly higher than university kayakers only after KTT. Second, performance records of 500m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 2.90 minute before and 2.77 minute after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 2.30 minute before and 2.20 minute after KTT. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. Moreover, only university kayaker's had a significantly higher performance record than the counterpart. Levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 7.71mM before and 8.85mM after KTT and university kayakers had a mean score of 8.09mM before and 8.45mM after KTT. However, such a level of increase had no significant difference between the groups

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1430-1434
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• 2009

The present study used the liquid extraction pretreatment method and developed a liquid chromatographyultraviolet detector (LC-UV) for the simultaneous determination of 14 sulfonamides (SAs) residues in porcine and chicken muscle. Linearity within a range of $50-150\;{\mu}g/kg$ was obtained with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of 0.9673-0.9997. The mean recovery of SAs was 55.9-109.7% (relative standard deviations; RSDs 1.7-17.3%) in porcine muscle and 52.8-112.4% (RSDs 2.3-16.9%) in chicken muscle. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 2-32 and $7-96\;{\mu}g/kg$ in porcine muscle, and 4-32 and $13-97\;{\mu}g/kg$ in chicken muscle, respectively. These values were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. The sum of all SAs residues present should be less than $100\;{\mu}g/kg$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1331-1337
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance, fiber characteristics of the pectoralis major muscle, and meat quality characteristics in the heavy weight (HW) and random bred control (RBC) quail lines and genders. The HW male exhibited more than two times greater body (245.7 vs 96.1 g, p<0.05) and pectoralis major muscle (PMW; 37.1 vs 11.1 g, p<0.05) weights compared to the RBC female. This growth performance in the HW line was associated with a greater muscle fiber area (1,502 vs $663.0{\mu}m^2$, p<0.001) compared to the RBC line. Greater muscle mass of the HW male was accompanied by a higher percentage of type IIB fiber compared to the HW female (64.0% vs 51.0%, p<0.05). However, muscle fiber hyperplasia (increase in fiber number) has had a somewhat limited effect on PMW between the two lines. On the other hand, the HW line harboring a higher proportion of type IIB fiber showed rapid pH decline at the early postmortem period (6.23 vs 6.41, p<0.05) and lighter meat surface (53.5 vs 47.3, p<0.05) compared to the RBC line harboring a lower proportion of type IIB fiber. There were no significant differences observed in the measurement of water-holding capacity including drip loss (2.74% vs 3.07%, p>0.05) and cooking loss (21.9% vs 20.4%, p>0.05) between the HW and RBC lines. Therefore, the HW quail line developed by selection from the RBC quail, was slightly different in the meat quality characteristics compared to the RBC line, and a marked difference was found in growth performance between the two quail lines.