• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2022

Despite the beneficial aspect of fish consumption, bioaccumulation of toxic metals such as arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) can enhance the health risk for the consumers. Arsenic and Hg concentrations were measured in edible tissue and two targeted organs, namely gill and liver of longtail tuna species (Thunnus tonggol) from Terengganu waters, including Kuala Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Dungun and Kemaman. The concentration of As and Hg were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of both elements were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the locations and targeted organs. The hierarchy of As and Hg mean concentrations in muscle samples were Dungun > Kuala Besut > Kemaman > Kuala Terengganu. The mean concentration of As in all samples, including muscle, exceeded the permitted level set by Malaysia Food Act. Estimate Weekly Intake (EWI) was conducted to assess the health risk effect, and 63 kg was used as the average body weight of Malaysian adults. However, the EWI values show that the weekly intake of As and Hg does not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake limit suggested by Food and Agricultural Organization for the United Nations and is considered safe to be consumed.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.92-105
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This aim of this study is to compare the reflux esophagitis improvement effects of Sepiae Os, Arcae Concha, Ostreae Concha, and Proton Pump Inhibitor(esomeprazole) through rat experiments. Methods: NO production inhibitory effect was measured by NO production amount and iNOS mRNA expression level in cell lines. iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $p-I{\kappa}B$, and serotonin were compared using immunohistochemistry at the rat reflux esophagitis. Reflux esophagitis connection external form, lower esophageal sphincter, and gap were observed and an esophageal inflammatory indicator, IL-6 activity was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: NO production and iNOS mRNA expression was showed concentration dependent decrease in cell lines treated with Sepiae OS, Arcae Concha, and Ostreae Concha at the experiments of cell lines. In the suppression of iNOS and $p-I{\kappa}B$ at the rat reflux esophagitis, Sepiae Os treat group(SOT) and Ostreae Concha treat group(OCT) were more effective. In the increase of serotonin at the rat reflux esophagitis, ACT, MT and OCT were more effective. Damage of lower esophageal sphincter, and gap between esophageal keratin and mucosa were observed less at the SOT, ACT, OCT. In the suppression of IL-6 at the rat reflux esophagitis, SOT and OCT were more effective than GE and, SOT was more effective than MT significantly. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory effect was the best in the SOT and lower esophageal sphincter muscle contraction was the best in the ACT at the rat reflux esophagitis. Sepiae OS was more effective than esomeprazole in the suppression of iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권9호
• /
• pp.1177-1182
• /
• 2013

선모충(Trichinella spiralis)은 감염 후 nurse cell 형성과정에서 영양분 공급 및 배설을 위해 혈관신생인자인 vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF)를 유도하여 혈관신생을 촉진한다. 하지만 이러한 과정 중 선모충이 어떻게 VEGF의 발현을 유도하는지에 대해서는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. Nurse cell 형성 과정에서 저산소현상이 발생되고 이러한 저산소 현상이 VEGF의 발현을 유도할 것이라는 제안이 있지만 실제 nurse cell 형성 과정에 저산호 현상이 일어나는지도 조사되지 않았으며 저산소 현상이 실제 VEGF를 통한 혈관신생을 유도하는지도 규명되지 않았다. 최근 연구결과에 의하면 VEGF의 발현을 유도하는 티모신베타4 단백질이 초기의 선모충 감염 nurse cell에서 강력하게 유도되는 것이 관찰되었다. 게다가 저산소 현상이 nurse cell 형성 과정에서 관찰되지 않았고 면역세포들이 응집되어 있는 파괴되는 nurse cell에서만 관찰되는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 티모신베타4가 저산소 현상과 무관하게 선모충 감염 nurse cell에서의 VEGF 유도 및 혈관신생을 유도할 가능성을 제시해 준다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

Nebulin, a giant modular protein from muscle, is thought to act as molecular ruler in sarcomere assembly. In skeletal muscle, the C-terminal ${\sim}50 kDa$ region of nebulin extends into the Z-line lattice. The most recent studies implicated highlighting its extensive isoform diversity and exciting reports revealed its expression in cardiac and non-muscle tissues containing brain. Also these novel findings are indicating that nebulin is actually a multifunctional filament system, perhaps playing roles in signal transduction, contractile regulation, and myofibril force generation, as well as other not yet defined functions. However the binding protein of nebulin and function in brain is still unknown. A novel binding partner of nebulin C-terminal region was identified by screening a human brain cDNA library using yeast two-hybrid system. Nebulin C-terminus binding protein 51 (NCBP51) was contained a RING-finger domain and identified a new isoform of RING finger protein 125 (RNF125). The interaction was confirmed using the GST pull-down assay. NCBP51 belongs to a family of the RING finger proteins and its function remains to be identified in brain. The role of nebulin and NCBP51 will be studied by loss-of-function using siRNA technique in brain.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 비만인의 보행과 관련된 근거자료를 제시하고 근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 임상적 자료로 활용하고자 시행하였다. 신체 건강한 여대생 40명을 정상체중집단(20명), 비만집단(20명)으로 분류하여 보행패턴(smartstep), 균형지수(biodex balance SD), 근활성도(surface EMG)를 정량적으로 측정하여 비교하였다. 연구결과, 정상체중집단에 비해 비만집단의 경우 체중으로 인한 압력과 부하를 이겨내고, 체중 증가로 인한 신체 불균형 상태에서 발목관절 움직임을 증가시켜 보행함으로써 발목 움직임에 작용하는 근육의 활성도가 더 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 비만인의 하지 근골격계 질환예방을 위해서는 하지 근육의 근력강화 및 지속적인 균형훈련과 보행 훈련이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.599-605
• /
• 1996

This study was designed to examine the mechanism of penile erection in adult bull by analyzing the responses of bovine proximal retractor penile muscle strips(BRP) to electtical field stimulation(EFS), exogenous nitric oxide(NO), NO synthesis precursor(L-arginine), NO synthase inhibitors(L-NAME, L-NMMA), guanylate cyclase inhibitor(methylene blue) and nonspecific potassium channel blocker(tetraethylammonium, TEA) treatments. Isometric tension of BRP was measured using physiograph. Results were summarized as follows: 1. EFS of nonadrenergic noncholinrgic(NANC) nerve in BRP produced frequency-dependent inhibitory responses to the contraction induced by co-treatment of epinephrine, guanethidine and atropine. The inhibitory responses to EFS were blocked by tetrodotoxin(TTX, $1{\mu}M$). 2. Treatment of L-NAME ($10,\;20{\mu}M$) inhibited the relaxation to EFS whereas L-NMMA ($100{\mu}M$) had no effect. 3. Treatment of NO($20,\;40{\mu}M$; as an acidified solution of $NaNO_2$) induced concentration-dependent relaxation whereas preincubation of TTX($1{\mu}M$) and L-NAME($20{\mu}M$) had no effect on the relaxation response. 4. L-arginine treatment(10mM) blocked the inhibitory effect of L-NAME($20{\mu}M$). 5. Pretreatment of methylene blue($40{\mu}M$) reduced the NANC-induced relaxation of BRP. 6. Tetraethylammonium(TEA, 80mM) reduced NANC relaxation. These results suggest that NO may act as a NANC neurotransmitter in BRP and the effects might be mediated by cGMP and potassium channel.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the peak torques of the knee and ankle joint and local stability of the lower extremity's joints, and muscle activation patterns of the lower extremity's muscles between fallers and non-fallers in the elderly women during walking. Method: Four elderly women (age: $74.5{\pm}5.2yrs.$; height: $152.1{\pm}5.6cm$; mass: $55.3{\pm}5.4kg$; preference walking speed: $1.19{\pm}0.06m/s$) who experienced falls within six months since experiment had been conducted (falls group) and thirty-six subjects ($74.2{\pm}3.09yrs.$; height: $153.6{\pm}4.9cm$; mass: $56.7{\pm}6.4kg$; preference walking speed: $1.24{\pm}0.10m/s$) who had no experience in falls (non-falls group) within this periods participated in this study. They were measured torque peaks of the knee and ankle joint using a Human Norm and while they were walking on a treadmill at their natural pace, kinematic variables and EMG signals were collected with using a 3-D motion capture system and a wireless EMG system, respectively. Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) was determined to observe the dynamic local stability of the lower extremity's joints, and muscles activation and their co-contraction index were also analysed from EMG signals. Hypotheses between falls and non-falls group were tested using paired t-test and Mann-Whitey. Level of significance was set at p<.05. Results: Local dynamic stability in the adduction-abduction movement of the knee joint was significantly lower in falling group than non-falling group (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, muscles which act on the abduction-adduction movement of the knee joint need to be strengthened to prevent from potential falls during walking. However, a small number of samples for fallers make it difficult to generalize the results of this study.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the asymmetrical difference between the use of leg muscles on the surgical and non-surgical sides during initial lower extremity ergometer exercise after unilateral knee arthroplasty. Methods: Twelve elderly patients diagnosed with degenerative arthritis of the knee and who underwent unilateral arthroplasty were included in this study. The leg length of each subject was taken into account when setting the application distance of the lower extremity ergometer. The same pedal resistance, strength, and speed were used for all the subjects. The total angle of use of the ergometer (360°) was analyzed by dividing it into an extension section and a flexion section. Using a surface electromyography system, the activities of the muscles of the surgical and non-surgical sides were converted into maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and analyzed using the paired t-test. Results: When the activities of the muscles on the surgical and non-surgical sides were compared, it was found that the rectus femoris and biceps femoris had significant differences in the flexion and extension sections (p < .05), and that the tibialis anterior significantly differed in the flexion section (p < .05). There was no significant difference in the extension section of the tibialis anterior muscle, or in the flexion and extension sections of the gastrocnemius (p >.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius on the surgical side act in an opposite manner to those on the non-surgical side during pedaling in the same section.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.213-216
• /
• 2004

To confirm the possibility of a wild marine crab, Gaetice depressus, as a carrier for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and to develop an alternative experimental model for WSSV in winter season, the susceptibility of the crab to WSSV was assessed by artificial challenge and subsequently tested for infection by PCR assay. The results revealed that the crabs were as highly susceptible as penaeid shrimps. WSSV caused 100% mortality in G. depressus within 16 days after intramuscular injection. The presence of WSSV in the moribund crabs was confirmed by PCR and was found in gills and muscle tissue. These results suggest that G. depressus can be naturally infected by WSSV via moribund shrimps, and can act as a potential carrier of WSSV. In addition, G. depressus can be used as an alternative experimental animal for WSSV.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
• /
• pp.260.1-260.1
• /
• 2002

Green tea contains several antioxidants including polyphenols of the catechin. which have been shown to act in vitro and in vivo as anti-inflammatory. anti-viral and anti-tumor drugs. Prostaglandins (PGs) are a family of intercellular and intracellular messengers derived from arachidonic acid(AA) by phospholipase(PL) and cyclooxygenase(COX). These mediators exert a wide range of effects on processes such as smooth muscle tone. vascular permeability, cellular proliferation. and inflammatory/immune function. (omitted)