• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 1998

서 론: $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자에는 여러 종류의 다형성(polymorphism)가 존재하며, 천식 환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 대표적인 변이는 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 아미노산이 대치된 부분으로 Arg16-Gly, Gln27-Glu, Val34-Met 및 Thr164-Ile 등인 것으로 알려져 있다. 지속적인 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 유도체의 자극에 대하여 세포표면으로 부터 세포내의 전달과정이 둔화되어 점차 세포전달이 없어질 수도 있는 desensitization 또는 수용체와 수가 감소하는 downregulation이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 천식환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 desensitization 또는 downregulation 뿐만 아니라 천식 표현형과 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자 다형성의 상관 관계에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 논란이 많다. 이에 본 연구는 기관지 천식환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 가장 흔한 16, 27, 34 및 164 의 아미노산에 해당하는 유전자의 다형성을 MASA (Mutated Allele Specific Amplification)법으로 시행하여 각각의 다형성의 발생 빈도와 천식의 심한 정도와 연관이 있는 가를 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대상 환자는 천식 환자 103명이었으며, 이중 남자는 54명, 여자는 49명으로 평균 연령은 46.6세 (19~80세)였고 이환 기간은 4.7년이었다. 대상 환자는 경미하고 간헐적 증상을 보인 30명, 지속적인 경미한 천식 환자는 32명으로 경미한 천식은 모두 62명이었으며, 중등증의 천식 증상은 17명 및 중종의 천식증상을 보인 환자는 24명이었다. 이중 1년 중에 6개월 이상 전신적 스테로이드를 투여하는 환자는 39명이었으며, 투약 중에도 야간 발작이나 야간 기침이 발생되었던 환자는 44명이었다. 대상 환자로부터 10cc의 전혈구를 체취 하여 분리된 림파구에서 분리된 DNA를 이용하여 MASA 방법으로 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 16번, 27번, 34번 및 164번째 아미노산의 다형성을 검색하였고, 천식의 심한 정도 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자의 다형성의 분포와 야간 천식의 발작이나 증상의 유무에 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자의 다형성의 분포를 확인하였다. 결 과: 16 번째 Arginine이 Glycine으로 변이는 heterozygous 변이가 67명, homozygous 변이가 13명으로 heterozygous 변이가 65.1%로 가장 많았다. 27번째 Glutamine이 Glutamate로 변이는 heterozygous만 11명으로 10.7%였으며, 34번째 Valine이 Methionine으로 변이를 일으키는 100번째 핵산의 경우도 heterozygous만 6명으로 5.8%였다. 27 번째와 34번째 아미노산의 변이를 일으키는 homozygous 변이와 164번째 아미노산의 변이는 대상 환자 중에는 없었다. 천식 증상의 심한 정도를 경종 및 중등증, 중중으로 2 구분하여 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성의 발생빈도를 관찰한 결과 중증의 천식환자에서 16번째 아미노산의 변이의 빈도는 많았으나 (p=0.015), 27번, 34번 및 164번째의 아미노산의 변이는 천식 증상의 정도와는 연관성이 없었다. 야간 천식 증상의 유무에 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 16, 27, 34 및 164번째 아미노산의 핵산의 변이와 연관성이 없었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 기관지 천식 환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 Arg 16, Gln 27 및 Val 34의 변이가 존재하고, Arg 16이 가장 많았으며, Thr 164는 없었다. 기관지 천식 환자에서 증상이 심한 중증 천식은 $\beta_2$ 교감 신경 수용체의 다형성중 Arg 16의 변이는 중증 천식과 연관성이 있었다. 그러나 야간 천식 발작이나 증상과 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 서로 상관이 없었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 2023

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease that occurs in children under 5 years of age. Its main causes are coxsackievirus (CV) and enterovirus (EV). Since there are no efficient therapeutics for HFMD, vaccines are effective in preventing the disease. To develop broad coverage against CV and EV, the development of a bivalent vaccine form is needed. The Mongolian gerbil is an efficient and suitable animal model of EV71 C4a and CVA16 infection used to investigate vaccine efficacy following direct immunization. In this study, Mongolian gerbils were immunized with a bivalent inactivated EV71 C4a and inactivated CVA16 vaccine to test their effectiveness against viral infection. Bivalent vaccine immunization resulted in increased Ag-specific IgG antibody production; specifically, EV71 C4a-specific IgG was increased with medium and high doses and CVA16-specific IgG was increased with all doses of immunization. When gene expression of T cell-biased cytokines was analysed, Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses were found to be highly activated in the high-dose immunization group. Moreover, bivalent vaccine immunization mitigated paralytic signs and increased the survival rate following lethal viral challenges. When the viral RNA content was determined from various organs, all three doses of bivalent vaccine immunization were found to significantly decrease viral amplification. Upon histologic examination, EV71 C4a and CVA16 induced tissue damage to the heart and muscle. However, bivalent vaccine immunization alleviated this in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the bivalent inactivated EV71 C4a/CVA16 vaccine could be a safe and effective candidate HFMD vaccine.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
• /
• pp.44-44
• /
• 2003

Gene expression in five tissues of the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was investigated using an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Randomly selected clones were obtained from cDNA libraries constructed with gill (GI), digestive diverticula(DD), hepatopancreas (HP), foot/mucus (FM) and rectangular muscle (RM). Of 1,235 clonesanalyzed (288 clones for GI, DD, HP each,166 for FM, and 205 for RM), 741 (60.0%) clones in total turned out to share significant similarity with the sequences from NCBI GenBank (less than 10/sup -3/ of e-values), 423 sequences showed poor similarity (> 10/sup -3/), and 71 sequences didn't match with any sequences in GenBank. The percent unique sequence (singleton) was ranged from 56.1% (RM) to 74.7% (FM) among libraries. On the other hand, overall percent singleton was 55.3% when all the ESTs from five libraries were assembled into contigs. Analysis of the organisms represented by the best hit for each EST (e-values < 10/sup -3/) showed that 23.8% matched with mammalian entries, 24.0% with mollusks, 14.4% with insects, 11.6% with fish and 26.2% with others. The expressed patterns differed among the tissues when judged by the categorization of the sequences from each library into 10 broad functional classes. In all the libraries, the class I (no hit o. poor similarity) was the largest category with an average of 40.1%. This largest class was followed by class V (general metabolisms) in DD (21.9%), GI (14.6%) and HP (16.7%), while the 'cell structure and motility'(class VI) was the second largest class in remaining two libraries (31.2% for RM and 9.6% for FM). The class IX (cell division and proliferation) was the smallest class in all the libraries (less than 3%). This report provides the first tissue-specific lists of expressed abalone genes, which could be a fundamental basis for genomics program of abalone species.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2010

Complex human tissues harbor stem cells and precursor cells, which are responsible for tissue development or repair. Recently, dental tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), dental follicle have been identified as easily accessible sources of undifferentiated cells. These tissues contain mesenchymal stem cells that can be differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat or muscle by exposing them to specific growth conditions. In this study, the authors procured the stem cell from pulp, PDL, and dental follicle and differentiate them into osteoblast and examine the bone induction capacity. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC), and dental follicle precursor cell (DFPC) were obtained from human 3rd molar and cultured. Each cell was analyzed for presence of stem cell by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACs) against CD44, CD105 and CD34, CD45. Each stem cell was cultured, expanded and grown in an osteogenic culture medium to allow formation of a layer of extracellular bone matrix. Osteogenic pathway was checked by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test and RT-PCR for ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression. According to results from FACs, mesenchymal stem cell existed in pulp, PDL, and dental follicle. As culturing with bone differentiation medium, stem cells were differentiated to osteoblast like cell. Compare with stem cell from pulp, PDL and dental follicle-originated stem cell has more osteogenic effect and it was assumed that the character of donor cell was able to affect on differential potency of stem cell. From this article, we are able to verify the pulp, PDL, and dental follicle from extracted tooth, and these can be a source of osteoblast and stem cell for tissue engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.524-529
• /
• 2006

For the repairing of bone defect, autogenous or allogenic bone grafting remains the standard. However, these methods have numerous disadvantages including limited amount, donor site morbidity and spread of diseases. Tissue engineering technique by culturing stem cells may allow for a smart solution for this problem. Adipose tissue contains mesenchymal stem cells that can be differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat or muscle by exposing them to specific growth conditions. In this study, the authors procured the stem cell from buccal fat pad and differentiate them into osteoblast and are to examine the bone induction capacity. Buccal fat-derived cells (BFDC) were obtained from human buccal fat pad and cultured. BFDC were analyzed for presence of stem cell by immunofluorescent staining against CD-34, CD-105 and STRO-1. After BFDC were differentiated in osteogenic medium for three passages, their ability to differentiate into osteogenic pathway were checked by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR for osteocalcin (OC) gene expression. Immunofluorescent and biochemical assays demonstrated that BFDC might be a distinguished stem cells and mineralization was accompanied by increased activity or expression of ALP and OC. And calcium phosphate deposition was also detected in their extracelluar matrix. The current study supports the presence of stem cells within the buccal fat pad and the potential implications for human bone tissue engineering for maxillofacial reconstruction.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2014

In early April 2014, a month-old Alexandrine Paraqeet (Psittacula eupatria) that was raised in a domestic aviary located in Gyungju-si, Korea was suddenly died and submitted to Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University in order to diagnose the causative agent. In post-mortem examination, the bird had abnormally developed feathers on the neck and abdomen region and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the neck and cheek adjacent to the beak. At necropsy, the bird had hemorrhage on the muscle of the femoral region, ascites, multi-focal hemorrhages on the epicardium, and diffuse hemorrhages on the sub-serosa of proventriculus and gizzard, suggesting typical avian polyomavirus (APV) infection. The partial large tumor (T) antigen gene of APV was detected by PCR from tissues of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, proventriculus and feathers of the APV-suspected birds. However, other pathogenic virus-specific nucleic acid common with psittacine birds such as avian bornavirus, psittacine beak and feather disease virus and psittacid herpesvirus were not detected from the mixed tissue samples of the bird, indicating this case is due to single infection of APV. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the partially amplified large T antigen DNA was confirmed to have 99~100% homology with that of the previously reported APV strains. This case report describes the first detection of APV in Alexandrine Paraqeet in Korea.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2002

점액질이 풍부한 꼼치 조직에서 NIH 3T3 세포주를 이용하여 subtracted cDNA 라이브러리를 얻어 200례의 클론을 제작하였다. 이 클른 중에서 비반복성 유전자를 선택하고, RNA in situ hybridization을 실행하여 꼼치 조직에서 특이하게 발현되는 곰신 클론(C90-171)을 선택하였다. 이 클론은 사람의 타액선 조직에서도 특이하게 발현되는 유전자로서 이를 확인하기 위하여 C90-171(곰신) 항체를 제작하였다. 꼼치의 cDNA 라이브러리에서 곰신의 항체를 통하여 스크리닝한 결과 PRP(proline-rich protein)와 가장 많이 교차반응하며, 면역조직화학적 염색으로 PRP와 유사한 양성반응으로 나타나 PRP와 유사한 기능을 하는 단백질로 사료된다. 또한 타액 내에서의 꼼치 단백질의 분해에 대한 실험결과 거의 분해가 일어나지 않는 것으로 보아, 곰신은 꼼치의 몸통을 보호하는 유전물질일 뿐만 아니라, PRP와 유사하게 조직을 보호하는 안정된 새로운 기능성 단백질로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.312-329
• /
• 2022

Feed cost is the main factor affecting the economic benefits of pig industry. Improving the feed efficiency (FE) can reduce the feed cost and improve the economic benefits of pig breeding enterprises. Liver is a complex metabolic organ which affects the distribution of nutrients and regulates the efficiency of energy conversion from nutrients to muscle or fat, thereby affecting feed efficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate feed efficiency through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we analyzed miRNA profiling of liver tissues in High-FE and Low-FE pigs for the purpose of identifying key miRNAs related to feed efficiency. A total 212~221 annotated porcine miRNAs and 136~281 novel miRNAs were identified in the pig liver. Among them, 188 annotated miRNAs were co-expressed in High-FE and Low-FE pigs. The 14 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in the livers of high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs, of which 5 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of liver DE miRNAs in high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs indicated that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in insulin signaling pathway, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. To verify the reliability of sequencing results, 5 DE miRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results of miRNAs were confirmed to be consistent with sequencing data. DE miRNA data indicated that liver-specific miRNAs synergistically acted with mRNAs to improve feed efficiency. The liver miRNAs expression analysis revealed the metabolic pathways by which the liver miRNAs regulate pig feed efficiency.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.242-250
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 C2C12 근육 세포에서 IGF-I이 리간드 비의존적으로 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과 IGF-I 이 리간드 비의존적으로 엔드로젠 수용체의 coactivator인 GRIP-1, SRC-1, ARA70 유전자들의 단백질과 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰으며, p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2 신호전달 경로 억제제인 SB203580과 PD98059를 IGF-I과 함께 처리한 결과 IGF-I에 의한 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현의 증가를 감소시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator가 엔드로젠 물질이 없이도 IGF-I에 의해 발현이 증가하였다는 사실은 운동에 의해 근육에서 분비가 증가하는 IGF-I이 리간드 비의존적으로 근육 세포에서 엔드로젠 수용체 활성화 안정에 기여하는 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator를 활성화 시킬 수 있다는 사실을 증명 하였다는데 의의가 있다고 사료된다. 또한, IGF-I의 하부신호전달 경로로 잘 알려진 p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2 신호전달 경로를 차단하였을 때는 발현이 억제되었는데 이를 통해 IGF-I이 근육세포 내에서 p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 경로를 통해 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 발현에 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근육에서 중요한 기능을 담당하는 IGF-I이 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현을 조절하는 기능이 있으며 이러한 IGF-I에 의한 리간드 비의존적인 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현 조절에 있어 p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2는 필수적인 신호전달 경로임을 확인하였다는 데서 그 의의가 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 향후 다양한 성장인자들에 의한 coactivator 발현에 관한 연구를 비롯하여, corepressor의 발현 억제 기능 및 신호전달 경로에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.1123-1127
• /
• 2015

Uterine leiomyomas (ULM), are benign tumors of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. They represent a common health problem and are estimated to be present in 30-70% of clinically reproductive women. Abnormal angiogenesis and vascular-related growth factors have been suggested to be associated with ULM growth. The angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is related with several tumors. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlation between ULM and the ACE I/D polymorphism, to evaluate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism could be a marker for early diagnosis and prognosis. ACE I/D was amplified with specific primer sets recognizing genomic DNA from ULM (n=72) and control (n=83) volunteers and amplicons were separated on agarose gels. The observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ($x^2=2.162$, p=0.339). There was no association between allele frequencies and study groups ($x^2=0.623$; p=0.430 for ACE I allele, $x^2=0.995$; p=0.339 for ACE D allele). In addition, there were no significant differences between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype frequencies and ULM range in size and number ($X^2=1.760;$ p=0.415 for fibroid size, $X^2=0.342;$ p=0.843 for fibroid number). We conclude that the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not related with the size or number of ULM fibroids in Turkish women. Thus it cannot be regarded as an early diagnostic parameter nor as a risk estimate for ULM predisposition.