• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2009

In the periphery, a galectin-1 receptor, CD7, plays crucial roles in galectin-1-mediated apoptosis of activated T-cells as well as progression of T-lymphoma. Previously, we demonstrated that $NF-{\kappa}B$ downregulated CD7 gene expression through the p38 MAPK pathway in developing immature thymocytes. However, its regulatory pathway is not well understood in functional mature T-cells. Here, we show that CD7 expression was downregulated by Twist2 in Jurkat cells, a human acute T-cell lymphoma cell line, and in EL4 cells, a mature murine T-cell lymphoma cell line. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Twist2 in Jurkat cells reduced galectin-1-induced apoptosis. While full-length Twist2 decreased CD7 promoter activity, a C-terminal deletion form of Twist2 reversed its inhibition, suggesting an important role of the C-terminus in CD7 regulation. In addition, CD7 expression was enhanced by histone deacetylase inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, which indicates that Twist2 might be one of candidate factors involved in histone deacetylation. Based on these results, we conclude that upregulation of Twist2 increases the resistance to galectin-1-mediated-apoptosis, which may have significant implications for the progression of some T-cells into tumors such as Sezary cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2015

In the present study, we determined the effect of $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) in the mice model bearing xenografts of HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Data from the cytotoxicity assay displayed that $18{\beta}$-GA induced cell death in HT-29. The cytotoxicity was enhanced as the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment was prolonged. In case of 72 hrs treatment, $LD_{50}$ of $18{\beta}$-GA was approximately $90{\mu}M$, and the efficacy at $100{\mu}M$ of $18{\beta}$-GA appeared to be equivalent to that of doxorubicin at $1{\mu}M$. Based on the in vitro data, we tested the anti-tumor effect of $18{\beta}$-GA in thymic mice (Balb/c strain). Xenograft tumors were generated by subcutaneous injection of HT-29 ($3{\times}10^6cells/mouse$) to mice and the mice were treated intraperitoneally with $18{\beta}$-GA ($50{\mu}g/time/mouse$) every other day for 4 times. The tumor volumes were measured for a period of 14 days. Data displayed that the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment reduced the tumor volumes (P < 0.05) as compared to control mice. However, this activity was demolished when athymic mice (Balb/c nu/nu) were used instead of thymic mice. This observation appeared that T lymphocyte played an important role in the anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that $18{\beta}$-GA has anti-tumor activity in HT-29 tumor-bearing mice, which may be associated with T cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

We found that the main bacterial metabolite M1 is an active component of orally administered protopanxadiol-type ginsenosides, and that the anti-metastatic effect by oral administration of ginsenosides may be primarily mediated through the inhibition of tumor invasion, migration and growth of tumor cells by their metabolite M1. Pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 revealed that M1 was detected in serum for 24 h by HPLC analysis but Rb1 was not detected. M1, with anti-metastatic property, inhibited the proliferation of murine and human tumor cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro, and also induced apoptotic cell death (the ladder fragmentation of the extracted DNA). The induction of apoptosis by M1 involved the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) inhibitor $p27^{Kip1}$ as well as the down-regulation of a proto-oncogene product c-Myc and cyclin D1 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, M1 might cause the cell-cycle arrest (G1 phase arrest) in honor cells through the up/down-regulation of these cell-growth related molecules, and consequently induce apoptosis. The nucleosomal distribution of fluorescence-labeled M1 suggests that the modification of these molecules is induced by transcriptional regulation. Tumor-induced angiogenesis (neovascularization) is one of the most important events concerning tumor growth and metastasis. Neovascularization toward and into tumor is a crucial step for the delivery of nutrition and oxygen to tumors, and also functions as the metastatic pathway to distant organs. M1 inhibited the tube-like formation of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial (HSE) cells induced by the conditioned medium of colon 26-L5 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. However, M1 at the concentrations used in this study did not affect the growth of HSE cells in vitro.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3109-3116
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• 2013

The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have a poor prognosis with current therapies, and new approaches are urgently needed. We have developed a novel therapeutic cancer vaccine platform based on tumor cell derived autophagosomes (DRibbles) for cancer immunotherapy. We here evaluated the effectiveness of DRibbles-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) immunization to induce anti-tumor immunity in BALB/c mouse HCC and humanized HCC mouse models generated by transplantation of human HCC cells (HepG2) into BALB/c-nu mice. DRibbles were enriched from H22 or BNL cells, BALB/c-derived HCC cell lines, by inducing autophagy and blocking protein degradation. DRibbles-pulsed DC immunization induced a specific T cell response against HCC and resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to mice treated with DCs alone. Antitumor efficacy of the DCs-DRibbles vaccine was also demonstrated in a humanized HCC mouse model. The results indicated that HCC/DRibbles-pulsed DCs immunotherapy might be useful for suppressing the growth of residual tumors after primary therapy of human HCC.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2011

효율적 비혈관용 약물방출 스텐트 제조를 위해 풀루란 아세테이트(pullulan acetate, PA)가 테프론(poly-tetrafluorethylene; PTFE)으로 피막된 스텐트(PTFE-stent)의 코팅재료로 연구되었다. 파크리탁셀 함유 PA가 코팅된 PTFE-stent의 표면, 약물 방출 거동, 세포독성이 측정되었으며, 동물실험을 통해 이의 가능성이 검토되었다. 전자현미경으로 표면을 관찰한 결과 표면이 PTFE 피막에 비해 훨씬 매끄러웠고, 약물은 80일 동안 서방적 방출 거동을 보였다. PA와 함께 코팅된 파크리탁셀의 안정성을 annexin V 결합 염색법을 통하여 측정한 결과 apoptosis의 비율이 천연 파크리탁셀과 유사한 것으로 보아 봉입된 파크리탁셀의 변성이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 소동물 실험에서는 파크리탁셀이 봉입된 PA-PTFE가 고형암의 성장을 억제하였다. 위의 결과로 보아 PA는 효율적 비혈관계 약물방출 스텐트 개발에 매우 유용한 물질이라고 기대된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.861-867
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• 2003

Inhibitory effect of the lectins (KML-C) isolated from Korean mistletoe (KM; Viscum album coloratum) on tumor metastases produced by murine tumor cells (B16-BL6 melanoma, colon 26M3.1 carcinoma and L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells) was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of KML-C (20-50 ng/mouse) 2 days before tumor inoculation significantly inhibited lung metastases of both B16-BL6 and colon 26-M3.1 cells. The prophylactic effect of 50 ng/mouse of KML-C on lung metastasis was almost the same with that of 100 $\mu$ g/mouse of KM. Treatment with KML-C 1 day after tumor inoculation induced a significant inhibition of not only the experimental lung metastasis induced by B16-BL6 and colon 26M3.1 cells but also the liver and spleen metastasis of L5178Y-ML25 cells. Furthermore, multiple administration of KML-C given at 3 day-intervals after tumor inoculation led to a significant reduction of lung metastasis and suppression of the growth of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity. i.v. administration of KML-C (50 ng/mouse) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells 2 days after KML-C treatment. In addition, treatment with KML-C (50 ng/mouse) induced tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages against B16-BL6 and 3LL cells. These results suggest that KML-C has an immunomodulating activity to enhance the host defense system against tumors, and that its prophylactic and therapeutic effect on tumor metastasis is associated with the activation of NK cells and macrophages.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 1998

During the last few years, nitric oxide(NO) as a potent macrophage-derived effector molecule against a variety of bacteria, parasites, and tumors has received increasing attention. More recent studies suggest that NO also has antiviral effects in both murine and human cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Yongdamsagantang(YST) on the production of NO. Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with YST after the treatment of recombinant $interferon-{\gammer}(rlFN-{\gammer})$ resulted in the increased NO synthesis. YST had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. When YST was used in combination with $rIFN-{\gammer}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of YST on NO synthesis was shown 6 hour after treatment with $rIFN-{\gammer}$. This increase in NO synthesis was reflected as increased amount of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) protein. NO production was inhibited by $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$. The increased production of NO from $rIFN-{\gammer}$ plus YST-stimulated cells was decreased by the treatment with staurosporin. In addition, synergy between $rIFN-{\gammer}$ and YST was mainly dependent on YST-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ secretion. These results suggest that the capacity of YST to increase NO production from $rIFN-{\alpha}-primed$ mouse peritoneal macrophages is the result of YST-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2022

The murine leukemia virus-based semi-retroviral replicating vectors (MuLV-based sRRV) had been developed to improve safety and transgene capacity for cancer gene therapy. However, despite the apparent advantages of the sRRV, improvements in the in vivo transduction efficiency are still required to deliver therapeutic genes efficiently for clinical use. In this study, we established a gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) envelope-pseudotyped semi-replication-competent retrovirus vector system (spRRV) which is composed of two transcomplementing replication-defective retroviral vectors termed MuLV-Gag-Pol and GaLV-Env. We found that the spRRV shows considerable improvement in efficiencies of gene transfer and spreading in both human glioblastoma cells and pre-established human glioblastoma mouse model compared with an sRRV system. When treated with ganciclovir after intratumoral injection of each vector system into pre-established U-87 MG glioblastomas, the group of mice injected with spRRV expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene showed a survival rate of 100% for more than 150 days, but all control groups of mice (HSV1-tk/PBS-treated and GFP/GCV-treated groups) died within 45 days after tumor injection. In conclusion, these findings sug-gest that intratumoral delivery of the HSV1-tk gene by the spRRV system is worthy of development in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant solid tumors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

목적: 마우스 대퇴부에 심은 종양에 43 도의 열을 가한 뒤 수지상 세포를 종양내에 주입하여 국소 및 원격 항종양 효과를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 마우스 우측 대퇴부에 MCA-102 fibrosarcoma를 피하로 주입하여 종양을 만들었고, 7일째는 반대편 대퇴부에도 주입하여 종양을 만들었다. 종양 세포를 접종한 지 7 일째 약 6 mm 가 된 종양에 43도의 열을 30 분간 가하고 골수 유래 미성숙 동종 수지상 세포를 종양내에 직접 주입하고, 이를 1 주 간격으로 2회 더 시행했다. $3{\sim}4$일 간격으로 양측 대퇴부의 종양의 크기를 측정하여 국소 및 원격 항종양 효과를 평가하였다. 또한 종양 특이적 면역 반응을 평가하기 위해 마우스의 비장 세포를 분리하여 cytotoxicity를 측정하였다. 결과 : 온열치료는 apoptosis를 유도하고 heat shock protein 발현을 증가시켰고, 6시간 경에 최고치를 보였다. 치료한 국소 종양에 있어서 온열 요법 단독만으로 종양의 성장을 억제했지만, 온열 요법 후 수지상세포를 주입했을 때는 그 성장 억제 효과는 온열요법 단독의 효과보다 높게 나왔다. (p<0.05). 한편 치료하지 않은 원 격종양에 있어서도 온열 요법 단독으로 원격 종앙의 성장 억제 효과를 보였으며 온열 요법 후 수지상 세포 를 주입했을 때도 원격 종양의 성장 억제 효과가 온열 요법 단독보다 높았으나, 그 억제 정도가 온열 요법 단독과 비교하여 통계적인 차이는 없었다 (p>0.05). Cytotoxicity 검사에서 온열요법과 수지상 세포 복합 치료 군에서 가장 높은 세포살해능을 보였고 (p<0.05), 이러한 면역 반응은 종양 특이적이었다. 결론 : 온열요법으로 apoptosis 와 heat shock protein 을 유도하고 종양내에 동종의 미성숙 수지상 세포를 주입하여 국소 및 원격 종양에 높은 항종양 효과를 유도할 수 있었다. 이러한 새로운 치료법은 암 치료에 응용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a medical plant that has been widely utilized as a tonic and nutritional agent since ancient times in Korea. Ginseng has anti-metastatic property of cancer and immunomodulating activity. The novel acidic polysaccharide compound(MB40) was isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. To determine immunomodulating activities of MB40, we evaluate anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of MB40 in tumor bearing immune competent mice. Material and Methods : C3H mice were divided into three equal groups(Cisplatin treatment group, MB40 treat-ment group, Cisplatin and MB40 treatment group) and were transplanted SCC(Squamous Cell Carcinoma) cells(2${\times}$106) to the lateral side of abdomen. From day 4 after transplantation, MB40 was administrated at dose of 10mg/kg, respectively, every other day by intratumoral injection. Cisplatin was systemically administrated at doses of 1mg/kg, respectively, every week by intraperitoneal injection. Results : 5 days after administration, tumors can be palpated in every mice group. After 13 days of administration, the mice group to which MB40 were administrated exhibited reduction in tumor size respectively, compared to cisplatin group. Overall status of mice such as body weight and activity were superior in MB40 group than cisplatin group. Conclusion : The result of this study indicates MB40 may have significant therapeutic effect and decreases complications induced by systemic chemotheraphy. MB40 may be developed as a novel and potent immunotropics to improve the cell immune system and anti-cancer drug for the treatment of cancer patients in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.