• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 1999

The Buildings and facilities of municipal Councils of fundamental autonomous organization in various regions were made on the basis of its experiences in 1950s but lacked constructional sophistication and failed to comprehend their functions, resulting in several repairs and renovations after the dedications of the buildings. They also undermined the efficiencies of the worn and was a big drain on the budget of municipal councils. Furthermore, especially after the integration of rural and urban areas. Municipal councils in urban areas couldn't accommodate the increased staffs. Thereby, They used the established councils in the cities and countries and repaired and renovated other buildings of which were permitted as offices, decreasing the eligibility of the buildings for municipal councils. The poor constructional working conditions triggered new constructions of the buildings reserved only for municipal councils. The study finds out find out about the work of municipal councils and analyzes how the municipal council buildings are used as substitutional spaces, directing which way they should go in mapping out spaces. Resultantly, It becomes basic materials in constructing municipal buildings.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analysis of convenience facilities for disabled in the municipal buildings. The physically disabled based on comparative analysis of disabilities code in Korea. For this objective, the code and guideline were analysed, and based on the analysis the checklist was developed for field observation. Convenience facilities ought to consider various aspects like size, and spatial composition of facilities, safety factors. and the present conveniences facility regulation. The research was conducted for municipal buildings located in Jeonbuk province. The procedures for research was made to investigate the finding of architectural related code and faculty standards. The results of investigation should be complemented and clarified guidelines in terms of accessibility and convenience which in detail. If the disabled would be convenient to use municipal buildings facilities, there should be no difficulties. As a result, convenience facilities for disabled in the municipal buildings has been improved that the design concept for the disabled person in general architectural planning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2833-2845
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• 2012

In this study, the amount of waste resource that could be recovered was analyzed. The installation and operation costs of waste resource recovery for both single- and multi-regional facility were calculated, and compared with the costs of landfill to investigate the feasibility of them. RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) process and resource recovery by incineration process were considered as waste resource recovery facility. And, the multi-regions for cost analysis were established on the basis of the proper generation rate of municipal waste with the consideration of combustible ratio. The study results showed that single region facility for both RDF and incineration process has no economic benefit, compared with the landfill method. For the multi-regional facility, RDF process could save a large cost than the landfill method, but the incineration facility couldn't. Separate from the economic benefits, the waste resource recovery should be importantly considered when considering the depletion of fossil fuel, global warming, environmental toxicity, and the enormous expenses due to social conflict and confuse. When the CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) is vitalized in the near future, the additional economic benefits by CERs(Certified Emission Reductions) could be expected. CERs for RDF facility is corresponding to about 256.5 billion won, and CERs for incineration facility is corresponding to about 54 and 77.4 billion won for single- and multi-regional facility, respectively.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2009

In order to plan and manage public facilities effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to diagnose the current status of facilities and decide the objective features. Performance measurement is to provide managers with the information they need to measure competitive advantages. This paper discusses public facility performance in order to establish the conceptual framework for performance measurement for public facilities. In order to develop the measurement of public facility performance, a pilot study was conducted with facilities managers of facilities management corporation of public districts in Seoul. We investigated how public facilities management teams have assessed their performance and collected data regarding financial aspects, service aspects, community aspects, and building aspects. There is no standard format to measure facility performance since building sizes, programs, community needs widely differ. However, it is necessary to have a more consistent system to measure facility performance. In addition, each public municipal district needs to empower each district facilities management corporation to participate in managerial decisions and budget control.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

The paper presents results of qualitative analysis of non-regulated organic pollutants in municipal wastewater and treated municipal wastewater with flocculation, ozone and UV process using GC-MS. The majority of the pollutants in the influent of the municipal wastewater treatment facility were either food related or due to the diffuse discharge from products used both in households and in industry. In the case of biological treatment process removed some organic pollutants effectively. But some organic pollutants were not removed with biological treatment. Thus, additional steps to improve the quality of effluent municipal wastewater will require a more rigorous control of consumer products used in household and municipal wastewater process using advanced treatment processs. The obtained data contributed to the evaluation of pollutants discharges to the ecosystem as well as to the characterization of pollution sources in the basin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.259-266
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• 2008

In the past, MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) disposal was typically done by recycling, incineration, or landfilling. In South Korea prior to the late 1950's, land burial was usually accomplished by disposal in an open dump. Currently, with increasing concerns and environmental recognition, MSW disposal and landfilling is more restricted. MSW landfill facilities have been developed with certain design and construction specifications. However, these methods have a space for improvement. MSW landfill facilities follow a step wise approach of design, construction, operation and closure management after use in agreement with established environmental and sanitary standards. This study intends to give a technical guidance for installation and consideration of newly established MSW landfill facilities, and also provide an establishment and regular inspection of MSW landfill facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

P city government considers to treat a part of food waste leachate in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP), as the capacity of an existing combined treatment plant for food waste leachate is lower than the generation of food waste leachate in the city. Furthermore, the combined treatment plant also treats landfill leachate and directly discharges the effluent to the sea, which may result in a potential environmental problem. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of the addition of food waste leachate and the effluent of the combined treatment facility on the MWWTP. Acceptable addition amount of the food waste streams, increased pollution loading on the MWWTP, and the treatment cost were estimated according to four scenarios. All the scenarios estimated that the MWWTP would receive most of the food waste streams according to the manual of the ministry of environment with little increase of pollution loading.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.770-776
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• 2018

This study measured the energy recovery rate of each municipal waste incineration facility according to the revised energy recovery rate estimation method, which targeted four municipal waste incineration facilities (Unit No. 7). The results calculated by the measuring instruments were used for each factor to estimate the recovery rate, and the available potential of available energy was examined by analyzing the energy production and valid consumption. As a result of the low heating value, 2,540 kcal/kg was calculated on average when the LHVw formula was applied, which is approximately 116 kcal/kg higher than the average design standard of 2,424 kcal/kg. The energy recovery rate was calculated as 96.9% on average based on production and 67.5% based on effective consumption, and the analysis shows that approximately 29.4% energy can be used.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.762-769
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• 2018

This study was carried out to examine the improvement plan by analyzing the characteristics of imported wastes, operation rate, and benefits of energy recovery for incineration facilities with a treatment capacity greater than 50 ton/day. The incineration facility capacity increased by 3,280 tons over 15 years, and the actual incineration rate increased to 2,783 ton/day. The operation rate dropped to 76% in 2010 and then rose again to 81% in 2016. The actual calorific value compared to the design calorific value increased by 33.8% from 94.6% in 2002 to 128.4% in 2016. The recovery efficiency decreased by 29% over 16 years from 110.7% to 81.7% in 2002. Recovery and sales of thermal energy from the incinerator (capacity 200 ton/day) dominated the operation cost, and operating income was generated by energy sales (such as power generation and steam). The treatment capacity increased by 11% to 18% after the recalculation of the incineration capacity and has remained consistently above 90% in most facilities to date. In order to solve the problem of high calorific value waste, wastewater, leachate, and clean water should be mixed and incinerated, and heat recovery should be performed through a water-cooled grate and water cooling wall installation. Twenty-five of the 38 incineration facilities (about 70%) are due for a major repair. After the main repair of the facility, the operation rate is expected to increase and the operating cost is expected to decline due to energy recovery. Inspection and repair should be carried out in a timely manner to increase incineration and heat energy recovery efficiencies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

As the combination of technique and art, environmental facilities have the function to improve the image of urban green space. Among these facilities, some can be designed and arranged reasonably. But to the facilities of sewage, electricity and sanitation and so on, are usually ignored and become the blemish in the green space. Based on the analysis of the status, taking the design of well cover of sewage as an example, the landscape approaches are discussed from form, material, color and artistic technique and so on.