• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

Purpose: In the age of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital volume tomography (DVT), with their outstanding post-processing capabilities, indications for planar radiography for the study of the dentition of ancient Egyptian mummies may easily be overlooked. In this article, the advantages and limitations of different approaches and projections are discussed for planar oral and maxillofacial radiography using portable digital X-ray equipment during archaeological excavations. Furthermore, recommendations are provided regarding projections and sample positioning in this context. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 specimens, including 19 skeletonized mandibles, 14 skeletonized skulls, 18 separate mummified heads, and 4 partially preserved mummies were imaged using portable digital X-ray equipment in the course of archaeological excavations led by the University of Basel in the Valley of the Kings between 2009 and 2012. Images were evaluated by 2 authors with regard to the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures using a 4-point grading system(Likert scale). Results: Overall, the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures was rated highest by both authors on X-ray images acquired using a dental detector. The tube-shift technique in the lateral projections of mandibular dentition achieved the second-best rating, and lateral projections achieved the third-best rating. Conclusion: Conventional planar digital X-ray imaging, due to its ubiquity, remains an excellent method-and often the only practicable one-for examining the skulls and teeth of ancient Egyptian mummies under field conditions. Radiographic images of excellent diagnostic quality can be obtained, if an appropriate methodology regarding the selected projections and sample placement is followed.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2000

Although the mummies of Lee Myeong-Jung and his wife who were a member of the Moon family, were buried in similar sites in around 1560, the degree of decay of the dead bodies and antiquities between two people were quite different. This study was focused on the cause of-those differences in terms of engineering geology. Cranular soil found several metered depth around the study site has good drainage ability and such characteristic could be a factor of excellent conservation of dead body. From the physical characteristics of the lime-containing material that is considered to be a barrier from water and air, it was observed that the material around dead body of wife was more compact and denser than that of husband. Such results could be a clear evidence that the lime containing material around dead body of wife was excellent barrier for keeping away from water and air. To investigate those differences of physical characteristics and constituent materials between two lime-containing materials, minerals had to be identified from the two materials. It was revealed that lime-containing material around dead body of wife contains gypsum and more calcite, which could be the reason for better barrier preventing from water and air than those around husband.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.367-370
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• 1998

Monilina fructicola, the brown rot fungus of stone fruits, was isolated from overwintering mummies and peduncles on peach trees from February to March, 1998. The resistant population of these isolates to benzimidazole (benomyl, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone) was examined. Among 417 isolates, the incidence of isolates resistant to benomyl, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl were 45 (10.8%), 47 (11.3%), and 46 (11.0%), respectively. Forty two (10.0%) isolates showed cross-resistance to benzimidazole fungicides. On the other hand, the resistant isolates against iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone were 186 (44.6%), 1 (0.2%) and 150 (36.0%), respectively. Among the isolates, 116 (27.8%) showed cross-resistance to iprodione and procymidone. Moreover, 27 (6.5%) of 417 isolates showed double-resistance to both benzimidazole (benomyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2014

싸리수염진딧물(Aulacorthum solani) 방제를 위해 기생성 천적으로 국내에서 선발한 목화검정진디벌(Ephedrus plagiator)과 외국에서 판매되고 있는 진디벌(Aphidius ervi)을 비교 조사하였다. 성충 수명과 산란 기간, 머미수, 우화충수 등에 대한 우열성을 싸리수염진딧물과 완두수염진딧물(Acyrthosiphon pisum)을 대상으로 온도 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$와 광주기 16(L) : 8(D)의 조건에서 조사하였다. 성충 수명은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 목화검정진디벌이 싸리수염진딧물에서 5.9일로 진디벌 3.6일에 비해 2.3일 길었다. 산란 기간도 $15^{\circ}C$의 싸리수염진딧물에서 목화검정진디벌이 5.3일인 반면, 진디벌은 2.2일로 상대적으로 짧았다. 싸리수염진딧물에서 목화검정진디벌과 진디벌의 머미수는 목화검정진디벌이 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 71.5, 41.0, 15.7, 7.7개로 진디벌의 22.1 16.3 6.2, 0.4 보다 많이 기생하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 완두수염진딧물에서 목화검정진디벌의 머미수는 70.3, 69.8, 34.3, 8.4개로 93.4, 71.2, 34.8, 14.5로 조사된 진디벌의 머미수보다 낮았다. 싸리수염진딧물에서 목화검정진디벌의 우화충수는 42.1, 36, 11.6, 0로 나타나 $30^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도에서는 우화하지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다. 진디벌의 경우에는 우화 개체수가 각 온도에서 19.6, 13.5, 3.7, 0.1로 나타나 목화검정진디벌에 비해 상대적으로 적게 우화한 것으로 조사되었다. 두 종의 비교결과, 싸리수염진딧물에서는 목화검정진디벌이, 완두수염진딧물에서는 진디벌이 우수한 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

시설하우스의 주요 난방제 해충인 온실가루이, 진딧물 및 아메리카잎굴파리의 생물적 방제를 위해 사용되는 온실가루이좀벌, 콜레마니진디벌 및 굴파리좀벌 굴파리고치벌에 대한 친환경농자재 사용에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. 먼저 친환경농자재가 천적과 직접 접촉하였을 경우의 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 온실가루이좀벌의 머미에 분무하였을 경우, 61개 품목 중에서 살균성친환경농자재인 FEFAME (0.4%), 몰리브덴함유친환경농자재 G (2.7%)를 뿌린 경우에는 거의 우화하지 않았다. 또한, 성충에 미치는 잔효독성을 조사한 결과, 식물성추출물친환경농자재 J 와 몰리브덴함유친환경농자재인 EFAMMo C는 처리 후 48시간 후의 생존율이 0%였고, 미량요소함유친환경농자재인 EFAMME B (6.7%)., 식물성추출물친환경농자재인 EFAMPE H, 토양미생물친환경농자재인 EFAMSM H (13.3%), 살균성친찬경농자재인 FEFAM A와 D (20.0%) 등이 처리 48시간 후 생존율이 낮게 나타났다. 콜레마니진디벌의 경우 직접접촉에 대한 평가에서 머미에 분무하는 경우에는 대조구(물)조차도 22%의 낮은 우화율을 보이고 있으며, 성충에 대한 잔효효과의 경우에, 몰리브덴함유친환경농자재인 EFAMMo C는 처리 48시간 후 0%의 생존율을 나타내었고, 식물성추출물친환경농자재인 EFAMPE J (6.7%), EFAMPE F 와 EFAMPE H, 토양미생물친환경농자재인 EFAMSM H (13.3%)등이 20% 이하의 낮은 처리 후 48시간 후의 생존율을 나타내었다. 굴파리좀벌 굴파리고치벌의 경우에는 식물성추출물친환경농자재인 EFAMPE J가 처리 후 48시간 후 0%의 생존율를 나타내었고, 몰리브덴함유친환경농자재인 EFAMMo C가 53.3%로 낮은 처리 후 48시간 후의 생존율을 보였으며, 이외 친환경농자재에 대하여는 영향이 거의 없거나 낮은 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1994

1987년 5월부터 9월 사이에 대전근교의 콩에 기생하고 있는 콩진딧물에서 진디벌에 기생당한 mu-mmy를 채집하여 진디벌과 중기생벌에 관한 생물학적 연구를 수행하였다. 진딧물의 진디벌에 대한 기생율, 진디벌과 중기생벌의 기주선택, mummy형성수와 형성 비율, 주요 진디벌과 중기생벌 종의 수명 등을 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 177개의 채집된 진딧물 mummy 중 진디벌은 27.1%m 중기생벌은 50.3%였다. Aphidius cingulatus, Ephedrus persicae, E. plagiator가 콩진딧물에 기생하고 있는 진디벌의 주요 종으로 나타났다. 그리고 이들 진디벌에 기생하고 있는 중기생벌들 중에 A. vulgaris, A. convexa가 우점으로 나타났다. 이들 중기생벌중 Charios brasicae는 한국 미기록종이었다. E.plagiator가 다른 콩진딧물에 기생하는 진디벌에 비해 중기생벌에 적게 기생되었다. 기생능력은 A. cingulatus 보다 E. plagiator가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 진디벌과 중기생벌의 수명은 중기생벌이 3일~29일, 진디벌은 1일~4일로 추정되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The fruits showing brown rot symptom on dwarf flowering almond were found in Gongju, Chungchungnam-Do in Korea in July 2005. Small water-soaked lesions on the fruits were initiated, and gradually developed to soft rot covered with gray conidia. Then the diseased fruits were shrunk and became grayish-black mummies. A fungus was isolated from the diseased fruit and its morphological, cultural and molecular genetic characteristics were investigated. Typical blastospores of Monilinia spp. were observed under a light microscope both from tissues of the diseased fruits and from PDA-grown cultures. The fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and on PDA. The ITS ribosomal DNA region (650 bp) of the fungus was amplified by PCR and analyzed. Comparative data on ITS sequence homology among Monilinia spp., ITS sequence-based phylogram and morphological characteristics showed that the fungus is Monilinia fructicola. This is the first report on Monilinia fructicola causing brown rot on fruits of dwarf flowering almond in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.635-638
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• 2019

Horace N. Allen, an American physician, was a Presbyterian missionary to Korea. In 1886, he wrote the annual report of the Korean government hospital, summarizing patient statistics according to outpatient and inpatient classification for the first ever in Korean history. In the report, he speculated that hemoptysis cases of outpatient might have been mainly caused by distoma. Allen's conjecture was noteworthy because only a few years lapsed since the first scientific report of paragonimiasis. However, he was not sure of his assumption either because it was not evidently supported by proper microscopic or post-mortem examinations. In this letter, we thus revisit his assumption with our parasitological data recently obtained from Joseon period mummies.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.345-387
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• 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.