• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 일반 인구의 대표 표본에서 우울증의 발현과 심각도, 씹기 불편감 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 전국 대표 표본(n = 8150)을 대상으로 하였으며, 씹기 불편감은 해당 문제에 관한 설문 조사에 응답한 사람들로 정의하였다. 우울증은 PHQ-9 설문 조사에서 총 점수가 10점 이상인 대상자로 정의하였다. 인구 통계, 사회적 경제적 특성 및 동반 질환에 관한 데이터를 포함하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하고 분석하였다. 결과: 한국인의 경우 씹기 불편감이 없는 사람(10.2%)보다 씹기 불편감이 있는 사람(17.2%)에서 우울증의 유병률이 유의하게 더 높았다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀 분석에서 우울증의 존재는 CP와 유의하게 관련 있었다(adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 1.90, P < 0.001). 씹기 불편감의 위험은 우울증의 심각도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다: 중증 우울증(OR: 2.62, P < 0.001), 중등도 우울증(OR: 2.19, P < 0.001). 결론: 중증 우울증을 보이는 개인에서 우울증의 공존여부가 씹기 불편감과 상당히 연관되었다. 씹기 불편감 환자 치료에 있어 우울증의 선별검사가 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2004

사과의 영양진단에서 사과잎 분석을 신속히 하기 위한 방법을 모색하기 위해 생잎과 건조잎을 이용해 근적의 스펙트럼을 측정하고 이를 질소 함량과의 최적의 상관관계를 도출하기 위해 부분소자승(PLS)과 주성분회귀(PCR)과 같은 다변량 분석법을 이용하여 비파괴 검량식을 작성하였다. 또한 검량식 작성에서 비파괴 측정 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 smoothing, mean normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). derivative 등의 다양한 데이터 전처리 조작을 수행하여 정확도 향상 가능성을 조사하였다. 사과 건조잎의 비파괴 측정 가능성을 조사한 결과 PLS-1 모델에서 Norris first derivate하였을 태 RMSEP가 $0.6999g\;kg^{-1}$ 로 가장 좋았으며, 생잎은 Savitzky-Golay first derivate하였을 때에 RMSEP 가 $1.202g\;kg^{-1}$으로 가장 좋았다. 건조잎의 PCR 모델은 mean normalization 처리 후 Savitzky-Golay first derivative하였을 때가 RMSEP 가 $0.553g\;kg^{-1}$, 이었으며 생잎에서도 RMSEP는 $1.047g\;kg^{-1}$로 나타났다. 이와 같은 견과로서 사과의 생잎과 건조잎의 분석이 근적외분석기술에 의해 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2020

Objectives Amyloid β positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) is widely used as a diagnostic tool in patients who have symptoms of cognitive impairment, however, this diagnostic examination is too expensive. Thus, predicting the positivity of Aβ PET before patients undergo the examination is essential. We aimed to analyze clinical predictors of patients who underwent Aβ PET retrospectively, and to develop a predicting model of Aβ PET positivity. Methods 468 patients who underwent Aβ PET with cognitive impairment were recruited and their clinical indicators were analyzed retrospectively. We specified the primary outcome as Aβ PET positivity, and included variables such as age, sex, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, education, dementia family history, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Box (CDR-SB), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and presence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) E4 as potential predictors. We developed three final models of amyloid positivity prediction for total subjects, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under curve (AUC) value was calculated for the ROC curve. Results Aβ PET negative patients were 49.6% (n = 232), and Aβ PET positive patients were 50.4% (n = 236). In the final model of all subjects, older age, female sex, presence of ApoE E4 and lower MMSE are associated with Aβ PET positivity. The AUC value was 0.296. In the final model of MCI subjects (n = 244), older age and presence of ApoE E4 are associated with Aβ PET positivity. The AUC value was 0.725. In the final model of AD subjects (n = 173), lower MMSE scores, the presence of ApoE E4 and history of HTN are associated with Aβ PET positivity. The AUC value was 0.681. Conclusions The cerebral amyloid positivity model, which was based on commonly available clinical indicators, can be useful for prediction of amyloid PET positivity in MCI or AD patients.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2016

목적: 말기 암환자에서 악성 복수는 흔하게 발생하며, 그 자체가 나쁜 예후를 시사한다. 악성 복수에 대한 효과적이고, 최소한의 침습적인 방법으로 복수배액관 삽입이 제안되었다. 본 연구는 복수배액관 삽입을 시행한 말기 암환자들을 대상으로 복수배액관 시술의 효과와 부작용에 대하여 분석하고 시술 후 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 서울 소재 일개 3차 의료기관 호스피스 병동에 2010년 1월 1일부터 2013년 12월 31일까지 입원한 말기 암환자 2,608명 중 복수배액관 삽입을 시행한 67명의 환자들의 의무기록을 조사하였다. 인구학적 정보, 완화의료 수행지수, 혈액검사, 복수 배액관 유지 기간, 시술 합병증의 종류와 빈도, 항생제 사용 여부와 기간, 시술 후 생존기간을 분석하였다. 복수 배액관 삽입 후 생존기간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 평가하기 위해 단변량 및 다변량 콕스 비례위험 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 총 67명의 연구대상자 중 원발암은 간암 및 담도암과 위암이 가장 흔하였다. 복수배액관 시술 후 복수관련 증상의 호전은 55명(82.1%)에서 있었다. 시술 후 합병증은 통증(19.4%), 누수(14.9%), 배액관 빠짐(7.5%), 배액관 막힘(6%), 발열(4.5%)이었다. 복수배액관 시술 후 생존기간에 영향을 주는 인자는 다변량 콕스 비례위험 회귀분석 결과 완화의료 수행지수(HR 0.73; P=0.045), 저나트륨혈증(HR 2.77; P=0.003)이었다. 결론: 복수를 동반한 말기 암환자에서 복수 배액관 시술 시, 완화의료 수행지수와 저나트륨혈증은 예후 인자로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 추후 대규모의 전향적 연구가 요구된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Mental health has been shown to be linked with certain underlying physiological mechanisms. The objective of this cross sectional study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and brachial artery reactivity (BAR) in an understudied population: police officers. Methods: Participants were 351 police officers who were clinically examined in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Police Stress (BCOPS) study. BAR was performed using standard B-Mode ultrasound procedures. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Mean values of the difference between the baseline and maximum diameters of the brachial artery were determined across three categories of CES-D score using the analysis of variance and the analysis of covariance. p-values for linear trends were obtained from linear regression models. Results: The mean age (${\pm}$ standard deviation) of all officers was $40.9{\pm}7.2$ years. Women had a slightly higher mean CES-D score than men ($8.9{\pm}8.9$ vs. $7.4{\pm}6.4$) and a slightly higher percentage increase of BAR than men (6.90 vs. 5.26%). Smoking status significantly modified the associations between depressive symptoms and BAR. Among current smokers, mean absolute values of BAR significantly decreased as depressive symptoms increased after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, hypertension, and diabetes; the multivariate-adjusted p-values were 0.033 (absolute) and 0.040 (%). Associations between depressive symptoms and BAR were not statistically significant among former smokers or never smokers. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were inversely associated with BAR among police officers who were current smokers and together may be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among police officers. Further prospective research is warranted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic oral mucosal disease that has been recognized as an immune condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the clinical outcomes of topical corticosteroid application on OLP lesions using dexamethasone gargle and ointment. Methods: The charts of patients who were clinically diagnosed with OLP and treated with dexamethasone from July 2003 to August 2017 at the Section of Dentistry of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were thoroughly evaluated to identify subjects who were suitable for this retrospective study. For each patient, age at the index date, gender, medical history, and dental records related to OLP lesions and dexamethasone treatment were reviewed. Results: In total, 113 of the 225 patients were included in the present study. Among them, 79 patients were female (69.9%) and 34 were male (30.1%), with a mean age of 57.6 years. The average duration of dexamethasone treatment was 4.7 months and the mean follow-up period was 2.24 years. Improvements were observed within 1 year after dexamethasone treatment in most cases, and 17.7% of patients had a new OLP lesion after treatment. New OLP lesions were more frequently gingival than mucosal, although mucosal OLP lesions were more common than gingival OLP lesions in all age groups. In age- and gender-adjusted multivariate logistic regression, a history of malignant disease was found to be a significant factor affecting the formation of new lesions. Gingival OLP lesions and intermittent use of dexamethasone showed near-significant associations. In Kaplan-Meier failure analysis, history of malignancy, menopausal status, age, and the site of the OLP lesion were significant factors affecting clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The treatment outcomes of OLP were significantly influenced by age, history of malignancy, menopausal status, and the site of the OLP lesion, but not by factors related to dexamethasone treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.1133-1140
• /
• 2014

Altered DNA repair capacity can result in increased susceptibility to cancer. The base excision repair (BER) pathway effectively removes DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation and reactive oxidative species (ROS). In the current study, we analyzed the possible relation of polymorphisms in BER genes, including 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 protein (XRCC1), with breast cancer risk in Chinese Han women. This case-control study examined 194 patients with breast cancer and 245 cancer-free hospitalized control subjects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and APE1 (Asp148Glu and -141T/G) were genotyped and analyzed for their association with breast cancer risk using multivariate logistic regression models. We found that XRCC1 Arg399Gln was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Similarly, the XRCC1 Gln allele was significantly associated with an elevated risk in postmenopausal women and women with a high BMI (${\geq}24kg/m^2$). The OGG1 Cys allele provided a significant protective effect against developing cancer in women with a low BMI (< $24kg/m^2$). When analyzing the combined effects of these alleles on the risk of breast cancer, we found that individuals with ${\geq}2$ adverse genotypes (XRCC1 399Gln, APE1 148Asp, and OGG1 326Ser) were at a 2.18-fold increased risk of breast cancer (P = 0.027). In conclusion, our data indicate that Chinese women with the 399Gln allele of XRCC1 have an increased risk of breast cancer, and the combined effects of polymorphisms of BER genes may contribute to tumorigenesis.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 한국 어린이를 대상으로 안축장과 신체 계측치와의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법: 서울지역에서 11-12세(평균 연령: $11.95{\pm}0.22$세, 여학생: 45.0%)의 초등학생 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 부분 간섭측정법에 의한 안축장, 각막 곡률반경, 굴절이상도, 신장(m), 그리고 체중(kg)을 측정하였고, 체질량지수(BMI $[kg/m^2]=weight/[height]^2$)와 비만정도지수(DO[%]=[actual weightstandard weight]/standard weight)는 계산하였다. 근업 활동으로 1일 평균 독서시간, TV 시청시간, 그리고 컴퓨터 사용시간에 대하여 설문하였다. 결과: 전체 대상자의 평균 굴절이상도는 $1.06{\pm}0.84D$였고, 이들의 안축장과 몸무게(r=0.427, p=0.006), 체질량지수(r=0.508, p=0.001), 비만정도지수(r=0.371, p=0.018)는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 안축장은 체중(p=0.041)과 체질량지수(p=0.015)의 1사분위수, 그리고 비만정도지수가 가장 높은 그룹(p=0.042)에서 유의하게 길었다. 연령, 성별, 그리고 근업 활동을 보정한 후에 다중회귀분석에서 체중, 체질량지수 그리고 비만정도지수는 안축장과 유의한 관련성을 보였고, 특히, 근업 활동에서 1일 독서시간은 안축장과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 결론: 한국 초등학생의 안축장은 체중과 관련이 있었다. 특히, 긴 안축장과 1일 독서시간은 유의한 관계를 보였다.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제67권2호
• /
• pp.137-159
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 개인적 특성, 물리적 사회적 환경, 제도적 특성을 포괄하는 건강결정요인에 관한 분석틀을 토대로, 최저주거기준미달과 주거비 과부담을 기준으로 한 주거빈곤이 개인의 주관적 건강, 신체 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 종단분석하였다. 분석대상은 전국적인 대표성을 지닌 한국복지패널에서 추출된, 2009-2013년에 실시된 조사에 모두 참여한 만 18세 이상 성인으로, 총 8,583명이다. 분석방법으로는 종단연구에서 자주 사용되는 고정효과모형의 장점에 일반화추정방정식 혹은 확률효과모형의 장점을 결합한 회귀분석-하이브리드방법을 적용하였다. 연구결과는 주거의 물리적 환경이 최저주거기준에 미달하는 것과 주거의 경제사회적 측면인 주거비 과부담이 발생하는 것 모두 정신건강(e.g., 우울)에 부정적임을 보여 주었다. 최저주거기준에 미달하는 가구는 전체인구의 4분의 1, 빈곤층에서는 3분의 1에 달하며, 주거비 비중이 30%를 초과하는 가구의 비율은 빈곤층에서 약 23%에 이르러 전체 인구에서의 비율보다 4배 이상 높았다. 이 연구의 결과는 첫째, 최저주거기준을 온전히 적용할 경우 거주에 적합하지 않은 환경에 사는 가구의 비율이 기존의 보고보다 매우 높고, 둘째, 빈곤층의 경우 적절한 주거환경에서 거주하는 것과 적정한 비용으로 거주공간을 확보하는 것 모두 큰 도전이라는 것, 셋째, 주거급여의 제공과 주택개량사업과 같은 저소득층을 위한 주거지원 정책이 주거비부담 완화 및 주거환경 개선이라는 주효과와 더불어 수혜자의 우울감 완화와 같은 정신건강 증진의 부수적 효과도 수반할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 최저주거기준 및 주거비 과부담의 실태에 대한 새로운 정보를 제공하고, 나아가 주거가 건강에 미치는 영향의 방향성과 정도를 보다 명확히 밝히는데 기여하였다.