• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

Background: Both objective body shape and perceived body image have been known to influence the mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of a combination between actual body mass index (BMI) status and perceived body image with anxiety depressive condition (ADC) in Korean men and women. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 26,239 subjects ${\geq}20$ years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2014). This study performed a Rao-Scott chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses reflecting survey characteristics and used a variety of independent variables such as socio-demographics and health behavior factors. Results: With all independent variables considered, people with normal weight who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely associated with ADC than a referent group with normal weight who perceived themselves as normal weight, as shown for both men (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.15) and women (OR, 1.25; CI, 1.06-1.48). Meanwhile, compared to the referent group, men with underweight who perceived themselves as underweight showed a lower association with ADC (OR, 0.63; CI, 0.41-0.97), whereas women with underweight who perceived themselves as underweight showed its higher association (OR, 1.47; CI, 1.10-1.96). Conclusion: A certain group of people categorized as a combination between actual BMI status and perceived body image showed a relatively high likelihood of having ADC, and the gender difference in the likelihood of having the condition for a group was clear. Therefore, this study suggests the need to identify the group at a high risk of ADC on the basis of actual BMI status and perceived body image and to develop an appropriate mental health management program for the group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5094-5101
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• 2011

In order to investigate recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence of gastric cancer after curative resection, we examined blood biochemical profile and clinicopathological features of 386 gastric cancer patients by using medical charts and data of hospital cancer registry from September 2010 to May 2011. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors. The recurrence rate of all gastric cancer patients was 2.6%; The recurrence rate by gender was 3.45% in male and 0.89% in female, and that was 4 times higher in male than in female. On univariate logistic regression analyses, lymph node metastases(OR=8.793), Helicobactor pylori infecton(OR=6.495), abnormal total cholesterol(OR=14.333) were related to recurrence. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, lymph node metastases and H. pylori infection were very important risk factors for recurrence of gastric cancer. In conclusion, lymph node metastases, H. pylori infection, and total cholesterol control were very important to prevent recurrence of gastric cancer, and it needs to monitor blood biochemical (C-reactive protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, etc) for the early detection of gastric cancer recurrence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4914-4923
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing job satisfaction to job stress of physician assistant(PA) nurses. This research design was a descriptive study. The subjects in this study were 104 PA nurses. Data were collected from September 1, 2010 to January 10, 2011, and analyzed by SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. The mean score of men on the job stress was 43.47(${\pm}13.77$), The mean score of women was 45.07(${\pm}9.78$). The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.72(${\pm}0.30$). There was no statistical difference between general characteristics and job satisfaction. There were statistical difference between unmarried subjects and organizing system(p<.05), inadequate compensation(p<.01). In the results of multivariate regression analysis, adjusted $R^2$ value was 0.567. The model fit was 56.7%. Job satisfaction was low in the insufficient job control and inadequate organizing system. It is hospital policies for the reduction of job stress(particularly, insufficient job control, and organizing system stress).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 1990

To investigate the structure of the plant community of Soribong area in Kwangnung forest, forty-six plots were set up by the clumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and four kinds of multivariate ordination(PO, PCA, RA, DCA) were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. The classification had been successfully overlayed on an ordination of the same data using DCA. The plots can be classified into four groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from Pinus densiflora through Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. aliena, Carpinus laxiflora, Sorbus alnifolia to C. cordata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Cornus controversa in the canopy layer, and from Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhus triohocarpa, Lespeoleza cyrtobotrya, Weigela subsessilis through Corylus sieboldiana, Lindera obtusiloba to Slaphylea bumalda, Callicarpa japonica, Lonicera maackii in the understory layer. As a result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables, they had a tendancy to increase significantly from the P. densiflora community to C. cordata community that was soil pH and the amount of humus, total nitrogen and exchangeable cations.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1173-1180
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• 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the postoperative accuracy of intraocular lens power prediction for patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomy and identified preoperative factors associated with refractive outcome in those with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 27 patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy to treat POAG. We recorded all discrepancies between predicted and actual postoperative refractions. We compared the data to those of an age- and sex-matched control group that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery during the same time period. Preoperative factors associated with the mean absolute error (MAE) were identified via multivariate regression analyses. Results: The mean refractive error of the 27 eyes that underwent phacotrabeculectomy was comparable to that of the 27 eyes treated via phacoemulsification (+0.02 vs. -0.01 D, p = 0.802). The phacotrabeculectomy group exhibited a significantly higher MAE (0.65 vs. 0.35 D, p = 0.035) and more postoperative astigmatism (-1.07 vs. -0.66 D, p = 0.020) than the phacoemulsification group. The preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the changes in the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were significantly associated with a greater MAE after phacotrabeculectomy. Conclusions: POAG treatment via combined phacoemulsification/trabeculectomy was associated with greater error in terms of final refraction prediction, and more postoperative astigmatism. As both a shallow preoperative ACD and a greater postoperative change in IOP appear to increase the predictive error, these two factors should be considered when planning phacotrabeculectomy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the brain dominant thinking type and empathy ability of nursing students. The subjects of this study were a total of 90 students enrolled in the 3rd year of the nursing department, who were subjected to Herrmann's BDI as a brain dominant thinking type test. The empathy test was conducted using the Interpersonal Response Index(IRI) adapted by Park(2004). For data analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate analysis were performed. As a result of the analysis, the dominant brain thinking type of nursing students was in quadrant C the most. And there was a statistically significant positive relationship between the brain dominance type and empathy in the C quadrant(r=.38) and D quadrant(r=.54). The overall empathy ability was highest in the D quadrant, and there was a statistically significant difference in the overall empathy ability according to the brain dominant thinking type(F=4.95, p<.01). Based on the results of this study, it is intended to be used in theoretical and practical education for nurse nurturing to improve empathy ability of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2021

Objective : People are living longer and the elderly population continues to increase. The incidence of degenerative spinal diseases (DSDs) in the elderly population is quite high. Therefore, we are facing more cases of DSD and offering more surgical solutions in geriatric patients. Understanding the significance and association of frailty and central sarcopenia as risk factors for spinal surgery in elderly patients will be helpful in improving surgical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data to assess the impact of preoperative central sarcopenia, frailty, and comorbidity on surgical outcome in elderly patients with DSD. Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent elective spinal surgery performed from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 at our hospital. We included patients aged 65 and over who underwent surgery on the thoracic or lumbar spine and were diagnosed as DSD. Central sarcopenia was measured by the 50th percentile of psoas : L4 vertebral index (PLVI) using the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle. We used the Korean version of the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight (K-FRAIL) scale to measure frailty. Comorbidity was confirmed and scored using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). As a tool for measuring surgical outcome, we used the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification for postoperative complications and the length of stay (LOS). Results : This study included 85 patients (35 males and 50 females). The mean age was 74.05±6.47 years. Using the K-FRAIL scale, four patients were scored as robust, 44 patients were pre-frail and 37 patients were frail. The mean PLVI was 0.61±0.19. According to the CD classification, 50 patients were classified as grade 1, 19 as grade 2, and four as grade 4. The mean LOS was 12.35±8.17 days. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that postoperative complication was significantly associated with surgical invasiveness and K-FRAIL scale. LOS was significantly associated with surgical invasiveness and CCI. K-FRAIL scale showed a significant correlation with CCI and PLVI. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that frailty, comorbidity, and surgical invasiveness are important risk factors for postoperative complications and LOS in elderly patients with DSD. Preoperative recognition of these factors may be useful for perioperative optimization, risk stratification, and patient counseling.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.33-51
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to provide practical implications for Korean companies searching for new market opportunities. From the experimental analysis, the impact of country image on product-country image and purchase intention of Korean products are measured. In addition, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image and purchase intention among ethnic groups in South Africa for searching further useful implications. Design/methodology - To examine South African consumers' country image and product-country image towards Korean products, data were collected between June and July 2019 through an online questionnaire, and 335 questionnaires were used for analysis. Firstly, the multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the general tendency of South African consumers' perceptions of country image to Korea, product-country image, and purchase intention among three ethnic group consumers. Then in order to verify the country image model and hypotheses of the study, we analyzed the structural models for each of the three ethnic groups and compared the sizes of the path coefficients for each groups. To compare the difference of path coefficients across ethnic groups, configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance tests were conducted sequentially. Findings - In the black and white ethnic groups, the country image had a statistically significant impact on product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention to Korean products. The product-country image showed a statistically significant impact on the purchase intention to Korean products in both ethnic group. However, in the coloured ethnic group consumer, the country image had a significant effect on the product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention of Korean products. In addition, the product-country image did not have a significant influence on the purchase intention of coloured ethnic group consumers unlike black and white ethnic group consumers. The results of this study suggest that even though differences in terms of the impact of CoI on PCI and PI were investigated for the sample of white, coloured, and black respondents, the groups seemed to respond in a reasonably comparable manner. Originality/value - South Africa occupies more than 20% of Africa's total GDP in sub-Saharan Africa and is a hub for Southern African logistics as a hub for Korean companies to enter Africa. However, it is rare to find a study focused on the determinants of consumer behavior in South Africa. In particular, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image on consumer behavior across ethnic groups in South Africa. Therefore, this study could provide practical implications for Korean firms which desire to diversify their export markets and pioneer future markets.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-59
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• 2021

This study reviews theoretical considerations and past studies about real estate prices, macroeconomic variables, and real estate policies. Monthly data from January 2003 to June 2021 are used, and a VEC model, the most widely used multivariate time series analysis method, is employed for analysis. Through the model, the effects of macroeconomic variables and real estate regulatory policies on real estate prices in Seoul are analyzed. Findings are summarized as follows. First, macroeconomic variables such as money supply and interest rates do not have a significant impact on Seoul's apartment prices. Due to the high demand for housing and insufficient supply, there is a demand for buying a home regardless of macroeconomic booms or recessions. Second, tax and financial regulatory policies have an initial impact on the rise in apartment prices in Seoul, and their influence diminishes over time. Third, anti-speculation zones are expected to decrease apartment prices through the suppression of demand. However, these zones cause a rise in apartment prices. This could be understood as a lock-in effect due to the strengthening of capital gains tax. Fourth, the price ceiling did not decrease apartment prices. These findings propose that, in Seoul, where demand is high and supply is insufficient, the supply of high-quality and sufficient housing should be prioritized over various regulations such as tax regulations, financial regulations, anti-speculation zones, and price caps. Moreover, the findings provide an implication that city-specific real estate policies should be implemented for Seoul rather than regulation-oriented approaches in public policy.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

Glimepiride, a third generation sulfonylurea, is an antihyperglycemic agent widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, an untargeted urinary metabolomic analysis was performed to identify endogenous metabolites affected by glimepiride administration. Urine samples of twelve healthy male volunteers were collected before and after administration of 2 mg glimepiride. These samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and then subjected to multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Through this metabolomic profiling, we identified several endogenous metabolites such as adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), quercetin, tyramine, and urocanic acid, which exhibit significant metabolomic changes between pre- and posturine samples. Among these, cAMP, which is known to be related to insulin secretion, was the most significantly altered metabolite following glimepiride administration. In addition, the pathway analysis showed that purine, tyrosine, and histidine metabolism was affected by pharmacological responses to glimepiride. Together, the results suggest that the pharmacometabolomic approach, based on LC-MS/MS, is useful in understanding the alterations in biochemical pathways associated with glimepiride action.