• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Purpose: In the present study, the actual management state of trial contact lenses and lens care products in local optical shops was surveyed and analyzed to reduce the risk of lens complication possibly induced by neglecting lens care. Methods: The feeling of contact lens wearers during the wear of trial contact lenses was surveyed. Futhermore, the actual management state of trial contact lenses such as cosmetic lens and RGP lens and lens care products was also investigated by surveying opticians who trade contact lenses in local optical shops. Results: It was found that consumers trusted the sanitary conditions of the lens since trial cosmetic contact lens and RGP lens were cleaned before and after trails by over 98% of opticians in local optical shops. For trial cosmetic lens, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 38.5%, 40.5% and 21%, respectively, before trials. After trials, cosmetic lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 13%, 75%, and 12%, respectively. On the other hand, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 28.5%, 38.5% and 33%, respectively, before trying trial RGP lens. After trials, RGP lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 2.5%, 70%, and 27.5%, respectively, indicating that relatively many opticians followed the lens cleaning regimen. In local optical shops, the cleaning trial cosmetic lens was mainly conducted at every 10 days or a month and the washing cycle of cosmetic lens case was in a month or 2~3 months. The cleaning interval of trial RGP lens was primarily in a month or 2~3 months. For those lens cases, more than 75% of opticians washed them with a surfactant and then rinsed with cold water. The storing periods of lens care products were primarily in a week for saline and in a month and 2~3 months indicating that storing period of lens care products was relatively well-kept in local optical shops. Conclusions: It is thought that the concern about any microbial infection is not that high since trial contact lenses and lens care products were generally well-managed by opticians in local optical shops from the results above. However, better public eye health and better public confidence in opticians may be possible if further strengthen in avoidance of lens cleaning with saline, keep of cleaning cycles within 2 weeks and rinsing of lens cases with hot water happens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.697-702
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• 2016

Acanthamoeba keratitis has been increasing in recent years. Main risk factors are contact lens wear and their cleaning solutions. Most contact lens wearers use multipurpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS) for cleansing and disinfecting microorganisms because of its convenience. We determined amoebicidal effects of MPDS made in Korea and their cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelium cells. Fifteen commercial MPDS (A to O) were tested for their amoebicidal effects on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts by using a most probable number (MPN) technique. Among them, 7 kinds of MPDS showed little or no amoebicidal effects for 24 hr exposure. Solutions A, B, G, H, L, and O showed positive amoebicidal effects, and solutions M and N killed almost all trophozoites and cysts after 24 hr exposure. However, 50%-N solution showed 56% cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells within 4 hr exposure, and 50%-O solution also showed 62% cytotoxicity on human cells within 4 hr exposure. Solution A did not show any cytotoxicity on human cells. These results revealed that most MPDS made in Korea were ineffective to kill Acanthamoeba. The solutions having amoebicidal activity also showed high levels of cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells. New formulations for improved MPDS that are amoebicidal but safe for host cells are needed to prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to observe bleaching resulted from multipurpose contact lens solutions used to manage lenses with the subjects of colored contact lenses being distributed in Korea. Methods: The lenses have been worn for six months, and their refraction is 0.00D. Three types of colored contact lenses of which margin has been colored with a different manufacturing method have been adopted (type 1: pigment application method, type 2: chemical bonding process, type 3: sandwich method), and multipurpose solutions used were two types containing different components. Each of the colored contact lenses was stored in the multipurpose solutions for 20 days and went through vortexing for 15 seconds per day. Their fluorescence absorbance, surface roughness, brightness index, and color coordinate index were measured before and after the vortexing to see the degree of bleaching. Results: In the two types of multipurpose solutions, every type of the color contact lenses showed no statistically significant difference in their fluorescence absorbance value before and after the vortexing. Regarding surface image, the front surface of the lenses was smooth in every type, and about the back surface, type 3 indicated less protrusion than type 1 and 2. About the difference of color on the lens surface before and after the vortexing, type 3 showed significantly less difference than type 1 and 2; however, all fell into the permissible error. Conclusions: About the bleaching of colored contact lenses resulted from multipurpose solutions for soft contact lenses, there was no difference observed in terms of fluorescence absorbance and color. According to the methods of manufacturing dyes, however, there was difference in the protrusion of the posterior surface image.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

Purpose: The present study was aimed to compare the difference in adherence level of microorganisms according to contact lens materials and protein deposition and to evaluate disinfection efficacy of multipurpose solution. Methods: The evaluations of micro-organisms' adherence and disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solution were conducted by employing the Part 2. Regimen Procedure for Disinfecting Regiments in the Disinfection Efficacy Testing under the "FDA Evaluation Criteria & Method". Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans except Staphylococcus aureus adhered more on etafilcon A lens and disinfection efficacy of total 4 products investigated was almost perfect except Candida albicans. The 3 micro-organisms except Serratia marcescens adhered more to albumin-predeposited lens. Disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solution was higher against the micro-organisms adhered to albumin-deposited lens than against the micro-organisms adhered to the lysozyme-deposited lens. Furthermore, disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solution was different according to types of micro-organisms. Conclusions: It was revealed that the type of micro-organisms, the lens materials and type of absorbed tear protein affected the amount of adhered micro-organisms to contact lens and that adhesion of tear protein could induce the change of disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solution. It suggest that the hygienic condition of contact lens can vary by these factors influencing on disinfection efficacy and the occurrence of adverse effect can be affected.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of caring soft contact lens cases and the change in contamination level of lens cases by wearing and storage period of soft contact lens. Methods: The actual condition of caring soft lens cases was surveyed with sixty-three of contact lens wearers. Soft contact lenses were worn for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the lenses were separately stored in 12 lens cases for 1, 3 and 7 days. The contamination level of lens cases was determined by counting the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Results: Only 14% of survey answerers cleaned their lens cases with a brush, rinsed and dried them upside down before next usage of lens case when those lenses were kept for a long time. Furthermore, 54% of total answerers just kept soft contact lens in the case without changing the multipurpose solution. Microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi were detected in lens cases even when soft contact lens were kept for 1 day in the lens case after wearing for 1 day and cleaning it with multipurpose solution. The numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi in lens cases increased with storage periods of soft contact lens, and also contamination level of lens cases was increased in accordance with wearing period of lens. In the lens cases without changing multipurpose solution, the numbers of microorganisms, gram negative bacteria and fungi increased with storage period of lens with statistical significance. Conclusions: This study showed that lens wearers' concerns on caring contact lens case were not satisfactory. As the result, the contamination of lens cases was related to increase of lens wearing and storage periods suggesting that the proper instruction and education for lens wearers are required.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.491-494
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• 2018

Multipurpose contact lens disinfecting solutions (MPDS) are widely used to cleanse and disinfect microorganisms. However, disinfection efficacy of these MPDS against Acanthamoeba cyst remain insufficient. 2, 6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB), a cellulose synthesis inhibitor, is capable of increasing the amoebical effect against Acanthamoeba by inhibiting its encystation. In this study, we investigated the possibility of DCB as a disinfecting agent to improve the amoebicidal activity of MPDS against Acanthamoeba cyst. Eight commercial MPDS (from a to h) were assessed, all of which displayed insufficient amoebicidal activity against the mature cysts. Solution e, f, and h showed strong amoebicidal effect on the immature cysts. Amoebicidal efficacy against mature cysts remained inadequate even when the 8 MPDS were combined with $100{\mu}M$ DCB. However, 4 kinds of MPDS (solution d, e, f, and h) including $100{\mu}M$ DCB demonstrated strong amoebicidal activity against the immature cysts. The amoebicidal activity of solution d was increased by addition of DCB. Cytotoxicity was absent in human corneal epithelial cells treated with either DCB or mixture of DCB with MPDS. These results suggested that DCB can enhance the amoebicical activity of MPDS against Acanthamoeba immature cyst in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

Purpose: The cleaning effect of protein deposit and the change of contact lens parameters by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses on the soft contact lenses were investigated. Methods: Etafilcon A contact lenses contaminated with protein, was ultrasonicated by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses and for the control group, spoiled contact lenses were cleaned by multi-purpose solution. The remaining protein deposits on the contact lenses were determined after extraction and the changes of overall diameter, base curve, center thickness power, and water contents on contact lenses were measured and surfaces of contact lenses were observed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The cleaning efficacies of multi-purpose solution on protein deposited etafilcon A contact lenses were 6.08%, and 23.73~33.92% in the group of ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses with multi-purpose solution and 0~12.99% in the group of ultrasonic clear for contact lens with multipurpose solution depending on the treatment time. The changes of parameters and surface on contact lenses by ultrasonication were not observed. Conclusions: Ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses can be used to eliminate protein deposits for the diagnostic soft contact lens in the office since it was effective to eliminate protein deposits and not caused change of parameters on soft contact lenses.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare the amoebicidal effects of nephrite containing contact lens (CL) storage cases with conventional CL storage cases. Methods: Acanthamoeba lugdunensis were inoculated onto 5% nephrite containing CL storage cases as well as conventional CL storage cases both with and without silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs). Then the amount of Acanthamoeba proliferation on CL storage cases and the number of adherent Acanthamoeba on SHCLs were determined and compared. The effects of multipurpose solution (MPS) with and without 1% or 5% nephrite solution on Acanthamoeba adhesion were analyzed. Results: Nephrite containing CL storage cases showed more inhibitory effects on Acanthamoeba proliferation (p = 0.02) and significantly reduced the number of adherent Acanthamoeba on SHCLs compared with conventional CL storage cases, regardless of SHCLs generation (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of adherent Acanthamoeba on the first generation of SHCLs was significantly reduced by MPS with 1% and 5% nephrite solutions (p = 0.03 and p = 0.004, respectively), but the numbers for the second and third generation SHCLs were not. Conclusions: Nephrite could be used as a new additive component for CL storage cases and multipurpose solutions to improve the disinfection effects on Acanthamoeba.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.428-433
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• 2003

We measured the effect of wettability of six MPSs for RGP(rigid gas permeable) lens. The used MPSs(multipurpose solutions) were OPTI-SOAK(ALCON), SOLO care hard(CIBA Vision), Total care(ALLERGAN), Simplicity(BOSTON), Wetting and Soaking Sol.(Bausch & Lomb) and Aquas-multi(Saehan). These MPSs keeps hydrophilic property of lens surface and increase the effect of cleaning or increase the effect of preservative effect. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. The results showed that every lens was nearby hydrophilic property within $25\;^{\circ}-36\;^{\circ}$. Also, it was differed by various factors. The surface tension showed various differences between 19.8 and 31.3 mN/m. In the viscosity, MPSs represented the highest viscosity between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. It was much higher than compared with the viscosity of soft lens MPS. This experiment could be used to grasping the interaction between solutions used to MPS and the natural endowments of lens and to considering the relations of different factors effecting the wettability.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2010

Purpose: An in vitro study was conducted to compare the lipid cleaning efficacy of care solutions on balafilcon A silicone hydrogel (SiHy) lens. Methods: Lipid spoilation was performed by incubating balafilcon A SiHy lenses in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing oleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester and cholesterol. Spoiled contact lenses rinsed with PBS were cleaned with surfactant cleaner, alcohol containing cleaner and multipurpose solution (MPS) respectively and repetitive spoilation and cleaning was conducted up to 14 times. To observe the cleaning effect of ultrasonic wave on the lipid deposit, each spoiled lens was ultrasonicated and then compared with non-sonicated lens. Lipids deposit on the contact lenses was extracted by methanol:chloroform (1:1, v/v) solution. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze and quantify lipid deposit extracts. Results: The effectiveness of alcohol containing surfactant cleaner on the lipid deposits was better than that of surfactant cleaner and MPS, and the cleaning efficacy was significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave treated group. Lipid deposits were not removed completely by contact lens care solutions so that lipid deposits increased continuously and cumulatively. Conclusions: The cleaning efficacy of contact lens care solutions was not satisfactory to remove lipid deposits on the SiHy lens that new cleaning products specially designed for SiHy lenses are needed to develop.