• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2008

This paper designs sigma-delta D/A Converter with a high resolution and low power consumption. It reorganizes the input data along LJ, RJ, I2S mode and bit mode to the output data of A/D converter. The D/A converter decodes the original analog signal through HBF, Hold and 5th CIFB(Cascaded Integrators with distributed Feedback as well as distributed input coupling) sigma-delta modulation blocks. It uses repeatedly the addition operation in instead of the multiply operation for the chip area and the performance. Also, the half band filters of similar architecture composed the one block and it used the sample-hold block instead of the sinc filter. We supposed simple D/A Converter decreased in area. The filters of the block analyzed using the matlab tool. The top block designed using the top-down method by verilog language. The designed block is fabricated using Samsung 0.35um CMOS standard cell library. The chip area is 1500*1500um.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.428-472
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find that how the principles of Fair Labelling and Advertising Act(called 'FLAA' hereinafter) apply to the unfair comparative labelling and advertising activities, as compared with deceptive and misleading, by analyzing the related judicial precedents for 7 years since FLAA enacted, The exact 17 precedents of Fair Trade Commission were analyzed to be judged the unfair comparative labelling and advertising activities, and partly also deceptive, falsified and exaggerated, which include in overlapping 5 comparative counterparts, 11 comparative standards, 7 comparative contents and 4 comparative methods in the unfairness types of comparison. Conclusively, it is needed that the unfairness of comparative labelling and advertising activities should be multiply considered in the concepts of deception, false or exaggeration and slanderousness, to more clearly apply to the facts and to more sufficiently protect consumers from the misleading environments.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2013

Liver enzyme elevations, as an indicator of liver function, are widely associated with metabolic diseases. Genome-wide population-based association studies have identified a genetic susceptibility to liver enzyme elevations and their related traits; however, the genetic architecture in childhood remains largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify new genetic loci for liver enzyme levels in a Korean childhood cohort (n = 484). We observed three novel loci (rs4949718, rs80311637, and rs596406) that were multiply associated with elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Although there are some limitations, including genetic power, additional replication and functional characterization will support the clarity on the genetic contribution that the ST6GALNAC3, ADAMTS9, and CELF2 genes have in childhood liver function.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2002

As floating-point operations become widely used in various applications such as computer graphics and high-definition DSP, the needs for fast division become increased. However, conventional floating-point dividers occupy a large hardware area, and bring bottle-becks to the entire floating-point operations. In this paper, a high-performance and small-area floating-point divider, which is suitable for embedded processors, is designed using he series expansion algorithm. The algorithm is selected to utilize two MAC(Multiply-ACcumulate) units for quadratic convergence to the correct quotient. The two MAC units for SIMD-DSP features are shared and the additional area for the division only is very small. The proposed divider supports all rounding modes defined by IEEE 754 standard, and error estimations are performed for appropriate precision.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 1965

In an experiment to evaluate the various aspects of symptom of witches' broom of jujube tree with two different kinds of scions, taken from diseased plant and stem- grafted upon sound stocks-one cut before wintering(stored in cellar), the other after wintering, it was observed that the disease rate of those cut before wintering(Nov.) was $\98\%$ whereas those cut after wintering(March) showed much lower rate, $3\%$ initially and gradually increased up to $39\%$. In another experiment of diseased bud grafted into healthy seedling, the finding made in the following year was that 14 stocks(only one of which salt union by callusing) were infected out of the given 23- in the initial stage only 4, yet gradually increased to the number of 14. The shoots from the ground portion of the diseased stock were in general more quickly subjected to the disease than the others. Under natural condition, the diseased trees develop at first seemingly the same leaves as healthy ones; it is not until the branches and loaves grow to a considerable degree that the symptom appears. Once appearing, tile disease grows and the symptom continues to appear as late as in Sept. and early Oct., causing tile plant to develop the extraordinary branches and leaves of extremely reduced size, the typical symptom of witches' broom. Such phenomenon can be observed in the experiments of the foregoing paragraphs. And the suckers and roots of diseased plant are bound to be infected, it was found out with no exception. Viewing from the results of the above experiments and observation, it is believed that the low temperature during winter causes the virus in the above-ground portion of diseased plant to diminish or inactivated, and subsequently the virus in the roots moves up or multiply in the sprouting season.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.16 no.11 s.102
• /
• pp.1123-1130
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we propose an improved side information processing scheme which is important in the sub-block phase weighting(SPW) method for the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) reduction. SPW method is to divide the input OFDM subchannels into several subblocks and to multiply phase weighting with each subblocks, properly for the reduction of the peak power. SPW method is similar to the conventional PTS method when the number of sub-carriers, signal modulation format and the number of subblocks are the same. However, unlike the conventional PTS(Partial Transmit Sequence) and SLM(Selected Mapping) method using many stages of IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), SPW method only needs one IFFT. Although PAPR can be reduced by SPW method, complex computation burden still remains. In this paper the flipping algorithm and the full iteration algorithm are used f3r the phase control method. Through the computer simulation, we analyze and discuss the properties and the performance of the suggested method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1172-1180
• /
• 2007

OFDM system has very good high spectral efficiency and the robustness to the frequency-selective fading. Because of the high PAPR, OFDM signals can be distorted in nonlinear HPA(High Power Amplifier). So, to overcome the nonlinear distortion, it is very important to reduce the IMD value. With respect to the BER performance, IMD reduction method is better than the PAPR reduction method. However, IMD reduction method has much more system complexity because of the additional FFT processor in transmitter. In this paper, we study the OFDM communication system based on the IMD reduction method using SPW method. A new IMD reduction method is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. SPW method is to divide the input OFDM data into several sub-blocks and to multiply phase weighting values with each sub-blocks for the reduction of PAPR or IMD. Unlike the conventional method, the system size and computational complexity can be reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes fault tolerant control laws using sliding mode control and adaptation laws for a satellite with reaction wheel faults. Considering system parameter errors and faults uncertainties in the dynamics of satellite, the control laws were designed. It was assumed that only reaction wheel failures occurred as faults. The reaction wheel faults were reflected in the multiply form. Because the proposed control laws satisfy the Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability is guaranteed. Through computer simulation, it was assured that the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller has a better performance than the existing sliding mode controller under unstable angular rates.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.352-362
• /
• 2010

This research aims to analyze business strategies of professional sports marketing companies which have properties of sports organizations in Korea, with a view to investigating into the nature of the business of the agencies and the characteristics of business models and to considering what kinds of suggestions such characteristics have for the development of professional sports marketing agencies in Korea. Professional sports marketing agencies do not simply acquire their property rights or act as a proxy in getting the property rights but also multiply opportunities for their business while acting as a proxy and developing extension commodities so as to maximize their profit, which is a core capability of sport businesses. Sports marketing businesses in Korea are characterized by dual structure: advertisement companies specializing in BTL (Below The Line)-centered promotion business, and sports marketing agencies specializing in the business focused on sports contents. This structure serves as an obstruction for Korean sports marketing agencies to build up their capabilities to maximize opportunities and extension.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2009

High frequency plant proliferation system via direct frond regeneration of endemic duckweed plants Lemna paucicostata and Spirodela polyrhiza was established. Fronds of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza were able to multiply half-strength MS basal medium without plant growth regulators. However, addition of BA at a range of 1 to 3 mg/L was more effective than high concentration of BA treatments for fronds proliferation. Also half-strength MS salts was suitable for the fronds proliferation. Increase of salts concentration had inhibitory effect on fronds proliferation. Also the frequency of callus formation from fronds of L. paucicostata was 3.3%, when they cultured onto 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of BA. Similarly the frequency of callus formation from S. polyrhiza was very low. After subculture of white globular structures derived from fronds of L. paucicostata, numerous globular somatic embryos and calluses were developed onto the surface of fronds. However these somatic embryos did not fully develop into normal plants when transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium. Therefore direct frond regeneration system was more efficient for mass proliferation of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza. The plant regeneration system of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza established in this study, might be applied to mass proliferation and genetic transformation for molecular breeding.