• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.163-165
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 논리적인 다중 링 구조에 의한 WDM 통신망 복구 기법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 링 토폴로지의 특성을 이용해 빠르고 간단한 복구 동작을 제공하며, 지역적인 복구를 수행한다. 동시에 다중 링 구성을 통하여 대체 경로의 분산과 공유 정도를 높이고 단위 링크당 예약되어야 하는 예비 광파장의 수를 줄임으로써 전체 통신망 자원 이용의 효율성을 높일 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2019

There are several methods which efficiencies of database are uprise. One of the well-known methods is that segments of database satisfying a query was rapidly accessed and processed. So if it is possible to search completely parallel multiple database segment types which satisfy a query, the response time of the query will be reduced. The matter of obtaining CPS(Completely Parallel Searchable) distribution without redundancy can be viewed as graph theoretic problem, and the operation of ring sum on the graph is used for CPS. In this paper, the parallel algorithm is proposed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.51.4-51.4
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• 2018

Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are luminous evolved massive stars (thus with very large initial masses) typified by their irregular variabilities, which are sometimes associated with eruptive mass loss. G026.47+0.02 is one of the known Galactic LBV surrounded by large circumstellar shell (r~1') detected in far IR. In this presentation, we report the identification of another shell of smaller radii (r~20") indicating that the central star experienced multiple episodes of eruptions. We present detailed multi-wavelength study of the inner shell in near IR and sub-mm, with which we reconstruct its mass-loss history.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2016

A shear strength model for the high-shear ring anchor consisting of a steel ring and a rod was developed based on the shear tests on single high-shear ring anchors. The shear strength was found to be proportional to $f_{ck}{^{0.75}}$ which is a similar characteristic to the strength of shear connectors used in composite structures. The effects of the compressive strength of concrete, edge distance, and embedment length of rod are included in the proposed model. Comparison with 22 tests shows that the average and the coefficient of variation of test-to-prediction ratios are 1.01 and 7.57%, respectively. Push tests on the specimens having four high-shear ring anchors at each face were conducted and the measured shear strengths were compared with the predictions by the proposed model. For the specimen with an edge distance of 100 mm, a splitting failure occurred and for the specimens with an edge distance of 150 mm, a failure mode mixed with splitting and bearing occurred, which were very similar to the failures of shear tests on single high-shear ring anchors. In case of a splitting failure, the overlap of failure surfaces could be prevented by providing the longitudinal spacing of 400 mm which is four times of the edge distance. In case of a bearing failure, the failure area is less than 150 mm from the center of the anchor and therefore the overlap of failure surfaces could be prevented by providing the longitudinal spacing of 200 mm. The average of the test-to-prediction ratios of Push tests is 98%, which means that the proposed mode can be applied to predict the shear strength of the multiple high-shear rings.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate two-point discrimination(TPD) and related factors in rural community residents. Methods: The sample consisted of 68 people who have been living in rural community in June 2005 studied. TPD was measured from the tips of the thumb, index, middle, ring, and little finger of each hand with the TPD esthesiometer. The research was designed to be a cross-sectional measured study. SAS statistical software was used for the analysis. The characteristics of the study sample were described by mean and standard deviation(SD) for continuous variables and by frequency and percentage for categorical variables. The Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare TPD in gender and diabetes mellitus. A Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted for relationship among values of 5 fingers. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with TPD. Results: A total of 68 residents were measured, their average $age{\pm}SD$ was $54.2{\pm}23.2$ years(range: $12{\sim}88\;yr$). The mean TPD for 5 fingers tips in dominated side was 4.76mm(thumb 3.98mm, index 4.22mm, middle 4.79mm, ring 5.17mm, and little finger 5.65mm, respectively). 4.91mm for thumb finger of women was significantly higher than 3.54mm that of men's in difference between gender(p=.01l4), also women(4.39mm) was higher than men(3.71mm) in median nerver area(p=.0318). There was a statistically significant difference in age(p=.0022), which were under age of 20(3.36mm), 30 years(3.61mm), 40 years(5.38mm), 50 years(4.84mm), 60 years(5.28mm), 70 years(5.18mm), and over age of 80(5.29mm). Factors related to TPD of fiver fingers by multiple regressions were gender(${\beta}=.03$, p=.0001). Conclusions: Taken together, gender and age were significantly associated with TPD. We recommend that further research should measure TPD by using larger sample sizes and more sensitive measurement instruments.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.351-359
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• 2004

Velocity-type repisratory air flow transducer measures dynamic pressure converted from air velocity based on the we1l-known Bernoulli's principle. It requires multiple velocity sampling holes on the flow plane. Measurement error theoretica1ly estimated by computer simulation was demonstrated to significantly reduce by unequally locating the velocity sampling holes. The flow plane was divided into multiple equi-area rings and the sampling holes were located on the circles also equally dividing each ring's area, which decreased measurement error down to 1/5 of the simple equi-radius ring division method. Also, less than 1 ％ relative error was estimated with 4 or more sampling holes. The present technique was less sensitive by <1/2 to the velocity profile change compared to the euqi-radius sampling. Therefore, the present unequal distance velocity sampling technique should be of great use to design the structure of the velocity-type respiratory air flow transducer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2018

Brazilian disc test is one of the most widely used experiments in the literature of geo-mechanics. In this work, the pre-holed concrete Brazilian disc specimens are numerically modelled by a two-dimensional discrete element approach. The cracks initiations, propagations and coalescences in the numerically simulated Brazilian discs (each containing a single cylindrical hole and or multiple holes) are studied. The pre-holed Brazilian discs are numerically tested under Brazilian test conditions. The single-holed Brazilian discs with different ratios of the diameter of the holes to that of the disc radius are modelled first. The breakage load in the ring type disc specimens containing an internal hole with varying diameters is measured and the crack propagation mechanism around the wall of the ring is investigated. The crack propagation and coalescence mechanisms are also studied for the case of multi-holes' concrete Brazilian discs. The numerical and experimental results show that the breaking mechanism of the pre-holed disc specimens is mainly due to the initiation of the radially induced tensile cracks which are growth from the surface of the central hole. Radially cracks propagated toward the direction of diametrical loading. It has been observed that for the case of disc specimens with multiple holes under diametrical compressive loading, the breaking process of the modelled specimens may occur due to the simultaneous cracks propagation and cracks coalescence phenomena. These results also show that as the hole diameter and the number of the holes increases both the failure stress and the crack initiation stress decreases. The experimental results already exist in the literature are quit agree with the proposed numerical simulation results which validates this simulation procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

Crystals of salicylaldehyde-4-morpholinothiosemicarbazone, $C_{12}H_{15}O_2N_3S$, are orthorhombic with space group Pna21. Unit-cell dimensions are a = 11.85(5), b = 15.45(5) c = 7.18(3)${\AA}$ with z = 4. Three-dimensional intensity data were collected from the multiple-film equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs taken with $CuK{\alpha}$ radiation. The intensities were estimated visually. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares methods until the final R value becomes 0.11 for the 1064 observed independent reflections. The morpholine ring has a chair form. The rest atoms of salicylaldehyde-4-morpholinothiosemicarbazone molecule excluding morpholine ring and sulfur atom approximately lie on a plane. The hydroxyl group of the salicylaldehyde and the nitrogen atom of the thiosemicarbazone form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, $O-H{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}N$, of 2.67${\AA}$. The short intermolecular distances all appear to be normal van der Waals contacts.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

Proviral Integration site of Moloney (Pim) murine Leukemia virus kinases is a serine/threonine specific protein kinase. It is largely involved in cell survival and proliferation. Pim-1 phosphorylates multiple cellular substrates to inhibit apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression. Over expression of Pim-1 kinase is observed in a range of malignancies and various solid cancers. High level of Pim-1 expression is seen in myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer and liver carcinomas. Hence, Pim-1 is considered as an interesting cancer target. In the present study, we have performed region-focused CoMFA study on a series of imidazopyridazine derivatives as Pim-1 kinase inhibitors. A statistically acceptable region-focused CoMFA model ($q^2=0.571$; ONC=3; $r^2=0.909$) was developed. The model was then validated using Bootsrapping and progressive sampling. The contour map highlighted the regions favorable to increase the activity. Bulky substitutions in $R^2$ position of the phenyl ring could increase the activity. Similarly, small negative substitution in the $R^1$ position of the Pyridine ring could increase the activity considerably. Our results will be useful to design novel Pim-1 kinase inhibitors of this series.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

In this paper, a double-layered frequency selective surface(FSS) superstrate was built and tested. The unit cell of the proposed FSS consists of a ring slot and a dipole-shaped structure and shows a complementary frequency response. Each unit cell is printed on two sides of a substrate. By using these double-layered structures, the first resonant frequency of the pass-band can be lowered. As a result, the size of the unit cell is minimized and the spacing between the other cells is reduced. The proposed FSS-dipole composite antenna is designed for the gain enhancement of wide-band code division multiple access(WCDMA) frequency bands(1.92~2.17 GHz) with a low quality factor(Q=0.17). To verify the gain enhancement performance of the FSS, an FSS-dipole composite antenna was created. Although the FSS layer enhances the gain of the primary radiation source of the dipole antenna, the FSS-dipole complex antenna cannot show a uniform gain over the entire desired frequency band. The experimental results show a gain enhancement of 3 dBi with an FSS superstrate in the WCDMA frequency band.