• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2021

Background: Trust is a key component for the good relationship between patients and healthcare professionals but trust for community pharmacists has not been studied much. Objectives: This study aimed to measure public trust in community pharmacists and to investigate variables that affect trust level in South Korea. Methods: A total of 25 questions, including 13-items for three dimensions of trust (pharmacists' behavior/attitude, technical competence, communication skills) and 1-item for overall trust were developed. The survey was conducted online and the data from 416 respondents were analyzed with a t-test, an ANOVA and a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The average scores (mean ± standard deviation) for the three dimensions of trust in community pharmacists were 3.47±1.05 (out of 5 points) for pharmacists' behavior/attitude, 3.67 ± 0.99 for technical competence, and 3.66±0.99 for communication skills. The average of the 13 items incorporating all parameters was 3.56±1.02 and the overall trust level was 7.16±1.62 (out of 10 points). The total sum of the 13 items differed significantly by age group (p=0.02) and frequency of pharmacy visits (p=0.04). Each dimension had an independent impact on the trust level, and pharmacists' behavior/attitude had the greatest impact on trust levels. Conclusions: This study showed that pharmacists' behavior/attitude had the most significant impact on the trust level. However, the level of trust in pharmacists' behavior/attitude is not yet sufficiently satisfactory, and further improvements are required to increase trust in community pharmacists.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.93-103
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• 2022

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2022

Objective: Telemedicine service is gaining importance in remote military areas. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of user satisfaction on the association between military telemedicine service's quality and customer loyalty. Methods: The research data comprised the results of a satisfaction survey on 1,116 military telemedicine satisfaction surveys conducted from November 1 to November 31, 2021. T-tests and ANOVA were analyzed to confirm the difference in satisfaction and loyalty according to the general characteristics of the study subjects. User satisfaction, customer loyalty, and mediating effects were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Among the study subjects, 458 were affiliated with the Army, 68 with the Navy, and 36 with the Air Force. Among the quality of telemedicine service, tangibility, reliability, and empathy affected user satisfaction while reliability and empathy affected customer loyalty. Since the standardized coefficient beta of empathy was 0.150 (P=0.018), it was confirmed that it significantly affected customer loyalty by mediating user satisfaction. Conclusion: The telemedicine service's quality affects users' satisfaction and customer loyalty. Moreover, there was the mediating effect of user satisfaction on the association between telemedicine service and customer loyalty. Therefore, the reliability and reliability of the current telemedicine service can be improved through the replacement of outdated equipment and performance improvement, expansion of medicines in telemedicine units, and improvement of medical services through periodic CS education to increase the customers' satisfaction and loyalty.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.50-63
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify intensive care units (ICU) nurses' experience of traumatic events, deliberate rumination, self-disclosure, social support, and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to explore relationships among the variables. Methods : Participants were 157 nurses who have provided direct patient care for six months or more in ICUs at a university hospital. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions using the SPSS/WIN version 23.0. Results : The PTG was found to be significantly associated with deliberate rumination (r=0.36, p<.001), self-disclosure (r=0.39, p<.001), and social support (r=0.54, p<.001). Factors that affect PTG significantly were found in the order of social support (𝛽=0.40, p<.001), self-disclosure (𝛽=0.25, p<.001), and deliberate rumination (𝛽=0.24, p<.001). The final regression model explained 40.1% of the variance of PTG (F=26.33, p<.001). Conclusion : The influencing factors identified in this study on PTG, including social support, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination should be included in programs to promote PTG for ICU nurses who may experience traumatic events repeatedly.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2022

Objective: To compare the removal torque of microimplants upon post-use removal and post-retention removal and to assess the influencing factors. Methods: The sample group included 241 patients (age, 30.25 ± 12.2 years) with 568 microimplants. They were divided into the post-use (microimplants removed immediately after use or treatment) and post-retention (microimplants removed during the retention period) removal groups. The removal torque in both groups was assessed according to sex, age, placement site and method, and microimplant size. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for evaluating variables influencing the removal torque. Results: The mean period of total in-bone stay of microimplants in the post-retention removal group (1,237 days) was approximately two times longer than that in the post-use removal group (656.28 days). The removal torques in the post-retention removal group (range, 4-5 N cm) were also higher than those in the post-use removal group. The mandible and pre-drilling groups demonstrated higher placement and removal torques than did the maxilla and no-drilling groups, respectively. In the no-drilling post-use removal group, the placement torque and microimplant length positively correlated with the removal torque. In the post-retention removal group, unloading in-bone stay period and microimplant diameter positively correlated with the removal torque in the no-drilling and pre-drilling methods, respectively. Conclusions: The removal torques differed according to the orthodontic loading and removal time of microimplants. With prolonged retention of microimplants inserted using the no-drilling method, the removal torque was clinically acceptable and positively correlated with the unloading in-bone stay period.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the associations of the dental arch form, age-sex groups, and sagittal root position (SRP) with alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary central incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 280 patients were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups. From these patients, 560 sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were examined to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness at the apex level and the palatal bone at the mid-root level, according to the SRP classification. The chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analyses. Results: Significant differences were found in alveolar bone thickness depending on the arch form and SRP at the apex level. The square dental arch form and class I SRP showed the highest bone thickness at both levels of the palatal aspect. The taper dental arch form and class II SRP presented the highest bone thickness at the apex level of the labial aspect. No association was found between the dental arch form and SRP. Elderly women showed a significant association with thinner alveolar bone. Age-sex group, the dental arch form, and SRP had significant associations with alveolar bone thickness at the apex level. Conclusion: The patient's age-sex group, dental arch form, and SRP were associated with alveolar bone thickness around the maxillary central incisors with varying magnitudes. Therefore, clinicians should take these factors into account when planning immediate implant placement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1892-1912
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• 2022

With the massive demand and growth of cloud computing, virtualization plays an important role in providing services to end-users efficiently. However, with the increase in services over Cloud Computing, it is becoming more challenging to manage and run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud Computing because of excessive power consumption. It is thus important to overcome these challenges by adopting an efficient technique to manage and monitor the status of VMs in a cloud environment. Reduction of power/energy consumption can be done by managing VMs more effectively in the datacenters of the cloud environment by switching between the active and inactive states of a VM. As a result, energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, leading to green cloud computing. The proposed Efficient Dynamic VM Scheduling approach minimizes Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and manages VM migration by lowering the energy consumption effectively along with the balanced load. In the proposed work, VM Scheduling for Efficient Dynamically Migrated VM (VMS-EDMVM) approach first detects the over-utilized host using the Modified Weighted Linear Regression (MWLR) algorithm and along with the dynamic utilization model for an underutilized host. Maximum Power Reduction and Reduced Time (MPRRT) approach has been developed for the VM selection followed by a two-phase Best-Fit CPU, BW (BFCB) VM Scheduling mechanism which is simulated in CloudSim based on the adaptive utilization threshold base. The proposed work achieved a Power consumption of 108.45 kWh, and the total SLA violation was 0.1%. The VM migration count was reduced to 2,202 times, revealing better performance as compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Background: Depression and cognitive function have a positive effect on the improvement of quality of life and extension of lifespan in the elderly. In addition, it appears as a major factor influencing oral health status. Therefore, this study looked at the relationship between the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), depression, and cognitive function in the elderly using the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods: In this study, 4,535 elderly people aged 65 years and over were targeted using the 7th data of the 2018 Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. A t-test and ANOVA analysis were performed to compare GOHAI, depression, and cognitive function by group. In addition, hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to understand the effect of the elderly's perceived depression scale and cognitive ability on GOHAI. Results: As a result of adding the depression scale and cognitive function variables to Model 2, the explanatory power was 22%. Educational level, marital status, private health insurance subscription, average monthly allowance, subjective health status, use of dentures, smoking status, economic activity, depression scale, and cognitive function were found to have significant influence (p<0.05). In addition, when controlled and viewed with all factors, depression and cognitive function were found to have an effect on oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: The findings indicate that depression and cognitive function are associated with oral health-related quality of life in the Korean elderly. As the age increases, the quality of life declines due to depression and cognitive function problems, in addition to oral discomfort, eating disorders, and physical discomfort.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.3438-3457
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• 2022

As location-based services (LBS) are widely used in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), location privacy has become an utmost concern. Spatial cloaking is a popular location privacy protection approach, which uses a cloaking area containing k-1 collaborative vehicles (CVs) to replace the real location of the requested vehicle (RV). However, all CVs are assumed as honest in k-anonymity, and thus giving opportunities for dishonest CVs to submit false location information during the cloaking area construction. Attackers could exploit dishonest CVs' false location information to speculate the real location of RV. To suppress this threat, an edge-assisted Trusted Collaborative Anonymity construction scheme called TCA is proposed with trust mechanism. From the design idea of trusted observations within variable radius r, the trust value is not only utilized to select honest CVs to construct a cloaking area by restricting r's search range but also used to verify false location information from dishonest CVs. In order to obtain the variable radius r of searching CVs, a multiple linear regression model is established based on the privacy level and service quality of RV. By using the above approaches, the trust relationship among vehicles can be predicted, and the most suitable CVs can be selected according to RV's preference, so as to construct the trusted cloaking area. Moreover, to deal with the massive trust value calculation brought by large quantities of LBS requests, edge computing is employed during the trust evaluation. The performance analysis indicates that the malicious response of TCA is only 22% of the collaborative anonymity construction scheme without trust mechanism, and the location privacy leakage is about 32% of the traditional Enhanced Location Privacy Preserving (ELPP) scheme.