• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of interior design elements on the satisfaction and preference for space. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in three coffeeshops where various interior design elements were applied. Results indicate that movable tables and chairs for two people were preferred in the space. They need to be placed flexibly according to the visitors' needs to improve satisfaction for convenience. To improve spatial satisfaction, the brightness of color applied to wall surfaces was recommended to be lower than that of color used for floor surfaces. The surfaces of space and interior design elements such as furniture also need to be kept clean. Lamps with lower color temperature were effective to enhance spatial satisfaction. Light sources should be shielded when a pendant lighting system with general diffuse type was used in space. Natural daylight through window was also required for better satisfaction level. Multiple linear regression implied that the cozy feeling by electric light, existence of daylight, flexible layouts for tables and chairs, color and quality of material for tables and floor were significant contributors to overall spatial satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.387-389
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• 2015

IEEE 802.11e EDCA(Enhanced Distributed Channel Access)는 4개의 AC(Access Category)를 이용하여 트래픽에 따른 우선순위를 부여하고 QoS(Quality of Service)를 제공하기 위해 표준화되었다. EDCA는 이진 백오프 알고리즘을 갖는 CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) 방법을 이용한다. EDCA에서 패킷 전송에 실패할 경우 경쟁 윈도우 값은 두 배씩 증가 되고, 성공할 경우에는 최소 경쟁 윈도우 값으로 초기화된다. 따라서 경쟁 윈도우 값이 최적의 값을 유지하지 못해 많은 패킷 충돌을 야기하여 네트워크 성능을 감소시킨다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존에 제안된 논문에서는 패킷 전송 성공 후 경쟁 윈도우 값을 최소 경쟁 윈도우 값이 아닌 채널 혼잡 정도에 따라 계산된 값으로 설정한다. 그러나 이 방법은 트래픽 종류와 상관없이 같은 방법으로 동작하기 때문에 트래픽 종류에 따른 차별적 QoS를 보장하지 않는다. 또한 계산된 경쟁 윈도우 값은 현재 값에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 값을 갖기 때문에 여전히 높은 충돌율을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 새로운 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 네트워크의 혼잡 정도를 잘 반영하기 위한 새로운 경쟁 윈도우 계산 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한 제안된 알고리즘은 트래픽 종류에 따른 QoS 보장을 위해 트래픽 종류에 따른 차별화 파라미터를 이용한다.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Bell's palsy is an isolated facial paralysis of sudden onset caused by a neuritis of the seventh nerve within the facial canal. It occurs often in the adult man with a history of recent exposure to local cold, such as sleeping next to an open window, or in some cases it occurs after infections of the nasopharynx or masticator spaces. Especially, this neuropathy have linked with the major collagen disorders (diabetes mellitus). A segmental demyelination develops rapidly, with vascultitis in microinfarcts and ischemia to the nerve segment. The authors experienced about the bizarre neurological symptom of Bell's palsy after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia and TMJ dislocation in diabetic mellitus. The early and correct consultation with the multiple medical and dental departments was important to prevent the inadequate care & medicolegal problems.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-143
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• 2021

This paper proposes actuator fault detection and adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithms using performance index and human-like learning for longitudinal autonomous vehicles. Conventional longitudinal controller for autonomous driving consists of supervisory, upper level and lower level controllers. In this paper, feedback control law and PID control algorithm have been used for upper level and lower level controllers, respectively. For actuator fault-tolerant control, adaptive rule has been designed using the gradient descent method with estimated coefficients. In order to adjust the control parameter used for determination of adaptation gain, human-like learning algorithm has been designed based on perceptron learning method using control errors and control parameter. It is designed that the learning algorithm determines current control parameter by saving it in memory and updating based on the cost function-based gradient descent method. Based on the updated control parameter, the longitudinal acceleration has been computed adaptively using feedback law for actuator fault-tolerant control. The finite window-based performance index has been designed for detection and evaluation of actuator performance degradation using control error.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2019

To develop a biomarker predicting tumor treatment efficacy is helpful to reduce time, medical expenditure, and efforts in oncology therapy. In clinics, microvessel density using immunohistochemistry has been proposed as an indicator that correlates with both tumor size and metastasis of cancer. In the preclinical study, we hypothesized that vascular morphometrics using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could be potential indicators to estimate the treatment efficacy of breast cancer. To verify this hypothesis, a 13762-MAT-B-III rat breast tumor was grown in a dorsal skinfold window chamber which was applied to a nude mouse, and the change in vascular morphology was longitudinally monitored during tumor growth and metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment. Based on the daily OCTA maximum intensity projection map, multiple vessel parameters (vessel skeleton density, vessel diameter index, fractal dimension, and lacunarity) were compared with the tumor size in no tumor, treated tumor, and untreated tumor cases. Although each case has only one animal, we found that the vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index and fractal dimension (FD) tended to be positively correlated with tumor size while lacunarity showed a partially negative correlation. Moreover, we observed that the changes in the VSD and FD are prior to the morphological change of the tumor. This feasibility study would be helpful in evaluating the tumor vascular response to treatment in preclinical settings.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a structural equation model of organizational commitment in hospital nurses based on a job demands-resources model and to confirm the moderating effect(s) according to the nurses' generation. Methods: The model was constructed of the exogenous variables of social support, emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and job conflict and the endogenous variables of burnout, job engagement, and organizational commitment. The participants were 560 hospital nurses working in 3 general hospitals. Data were collected from August 1 to September 30, 2021, and analyzed using SPSS Window 23.0 and IBM AMOS 23.0. Results: The strongest factor directly influencing hospital nurses' organizational commitment was social support. In a multiple group analysis, nurses' generation had a partial moderating effect. In a generation-specific analysis, the Z generation group was higher than the X and Y generation groups in the variables of emotional labor and burnout related to organizational commitment. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, to improve hospital nurses' organizational commitment, social support is needed as an important management strategy. At the organizational level, we need to develop ways to improve organizational commitment by reducing the emotional labor and burnout of Generation Z.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

In this parer, an improved backoff algorithm is proposed by supplementing a multiple of persistence factor for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN MAC. This algorithm is proposed to complement the shortcomings of the conventional BEB (Binary Exponential Backoff) algorithm which is used for retransmission to control a new contention window in DCF/EDCF MAC. In channel utilization, collision rate and Goodput viewpoint, we analysis the improved backoff algorithm and compared the result with that of the conventional algorithm In this result, we showed that the performance for PFA backoff algorithm is 10% higher than that for the conventional BEB algorithm when the number of station is 40.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1980

A severe crushing injury of the chest produce a very striking syndrome referred to as traumatic asphyxia. This syndrome is characterized by bluish-red discoloration of the skin which is limited to the distribution of the valveless veins of the head and neck. And also if it is characterized by bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and neurological manifestations. But these clinical entities faded away progressively in a few weeks. Apporximately 90% of the patients who live for more than a few hours will recover from traumatic asphyxia when it occurs as a single entity. And so, death results from either severe associated injuries of from subsequent infection, rather than from pulmonary or cardiac insufficiency in traumatic asphyxia. We have experienced 4 cases of traumatic asphyxia with severe crushing thoracic injuries at department of the chest surgery, Captial Armed forces General Hospital during about 3 years from April 1977 to Aug. 1980. The 1st 22 year-old male was struct 2$\frac{1}{2}$ ton truck on the road and was transferred to this hospital immediately. He had taken tracheostomy due to severe dyspnea with contusion pneumonia and for removal of a large amount of bronchial secretion. The 2nd case was 23 year-old male who was got buried in a chasm. In this case, the heavy metal post tumbled over him back while at work. The 3rd case was 39 year-old male who leapt out of a window in 5th story while fire broke out in living room by oil stove heating. He had multiple rib fracture with right hemothor x and right colle's fracture and pelvic bone fracture. The last 22 year-old male was run over by a gun carriage. The wheel of this gun carriage passed over his thorax and right chin. He was brought to this hospital by helicopter. when he was first examined at emergency room, he was in semicomatose state and has pneurmomediastinum with multiple rib fracture and severe subcutaneous emphysema. As soon as he arrived, bilateral closed thoracostomy was performed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done. In hospital 8th weeks, chest series showed fibrothorax in right side even if chest wall stabilized. All 4 cases had multiple petechiae over their facees and chest and bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages referred to as traumatic asphyxia. 3 cases except one case who received splenectomy, had been suffered from contusion pneumonia and had been treated with respiratory care. In these 3 cases, they had warning of impending injury before accident, and took a deep breath hold it and braces himself. And also, even if he had not impending fear in remaining one case, he had taken a deep breath and had got valsalva maneuver for pulling off the heavy metal post. Intrathoracic pressure rose suddenly and resulted to traumatic asphyxia in this situation. All these cases were recovered completely without sequelae except one fibrothorax, right.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms in a single general hospital. Methodology: To measure and compare multiple-bed ward user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms, questionnaires were collected from 916 inpatients and 129 nurses in a single general hospital. The patient satisfaction questionnaire categories included environmental conditions, protection of privacy, and medical services. The nurse satisfaction questionnaire categories included space, infection control, patient safety, work load and psychologic view point. Findings: Satisfaction of patient who admitted in 4-bedroom to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom group (3.91 vs. 3.25, p<0.001). Satisfaction of nurse who worked in 4-bedroom was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom (3.05 vs. 1.92, p<0.001). By the multiple linear regression analysis, patient satisfaction to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was related with multi-bedroom type and location of beds; 4-bedrooms were higher than 5/6-bedrooms(p<0.001), window side bed were higher than hallway side bed(p=0.001). There was no satisfaction difference in comparing medical services between the two groups. By the multiple linear mixed regression analysis, nurse satisfaction who were assigned for 4-bedrooms were higher than that of 5/6-bedrooms in all categories(p<0.001). Practical Implications: Even though no difference has shown in medical services satisfaction between the two patient groups, multi-bedroom type may affect patient satisfaction in environmental condition, protection of privacy and may also affect overall nurse satisfaction. This result suggests that to improve multi-bedroom user satisfaction, 4-bedroom is recommended over 5/6-bedroom.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.248-259
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• 2017

This descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the uncertainty of patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms. One hundred and eleven patients were recruited from the chemotherapy clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected from July 25 to December 31, 2014, and analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffe test, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS for Windows Version 18.0. The mean score of the uncertainty of the patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms was 2.61(${\pm}0.46$), which was higher than that of the patients with other diseases. The uncertainty was positively correlated with the seriousness of the illness (r=.74, p<.01) and consistency of the symptoms (r=.27, p<.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the (main) factor influencing the uncertainty was the seriousness of the illness, which explained 54% of the uncertainty of the patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms. As a result, nursing interventions are needed to reduce the uncertainty of lung neoplasm patients who are receiving chemotherapy. The seriousness of the illness should be considered when developing nursing interventions to reduce the uncertainty of lung neoplasm patients.