• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of job satisfaction of hospital nurses. The focus was on work rewards. A causal model of job satisfaction of hospital nurses was constructed based on situational perspectives. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 505 nurses from 2 general hospitals located in Seoul and Kyeonggi Province, Korea. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires and analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression. Results: All variables except workload were positively correlated with job satisfaction. It was found that three task reward variables(workload, meaning, and participation), two organizational reward variables(security and promotional chances) and one social reward variable(family support) had significant influence on nurses' job satisfaction. The explained variance for job satisfaction was 41.4%. The data further indicate that task rewards were the most significant determinants of nurse job satisfaction. Conclusion: Theses findings provide strong empirical evidence for importance of task, organizational and social reward variables in explaining job satisfaction of nurses. The model used for this study will be useful for predicting nurse job satisfaction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.398-408
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and understand elementary school health teachers' role perception in their own perspectives. Methods: Data were collected from three focus groups composed of five participants for each group. Each focus group had an interview for two and a half hours on the average. The main question was "What is your perception on the roles of health teachers in elementary schools?" Qualitative data from transcribed notes and field notes were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Five main roles were identified from the participants. The participants perceived themselves as 'an expert of health education in school and community', 'a health service provider for school members', 'a health guardian for school members, the coordinator of healthcare related works in school, and the leader of school health. Conclusion: The participants have multiple role identities, which are very important for health management of school members. And the roles such as an expert of health education and a leader for school health are recently emphasized. The findings of this study can provide useful information to design orientation programs for newly appointed health teachers and continuing education programs for enhancing role performance of health teachers in elementary schools.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2011

Objectives: This study identifies the meaning of walking and its facilitating factors and barriers from the perspective of urban walkers in Seoul. Methods: The participants consisted of twelve people who either lived or worked in Gangnam district of Seoul. The study applied the data collection process featured in the photovoice, in which the participants took photographs and shared their stories through focus group interviews. Results: Walking is regarded as one of the easiest types of physical activity. While walking, participants find mental tranquility, communication opportunities, and a chance to step back from their everyday lives. Facilitating factors include: access to walking-friendly venues and attractive surrounding environments; the participant's assimilation into the surrounding area; having the feeling of ease and relaxation; and friends and family to walk together. Barriers consist of physical factors such as street design and the busy urban streets, insensitive traffic and low civic awareness, and personal situational factors. Conclusions: The benefit of walking exceeds beyond those of physical health promotion. Actions to encourage walking in urban areas should address the multiple meanings perceived by their citizens.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.418-428
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• 2005

In this paper, a new probabilistic generation modeling method which can address the characteristics of changed electricity industry is proposed. The major contribution of this paper can be captured in the development of a probabilistic generation modeling considering generator maintenance outage and in the classification of market demand into multiple demand clusters for the applications to electricity markets. Conventional forced outage rates of generators are conceptually combined with maintenance outage of generators and, consequently, effective outage rates of generators are newly defined in order to properly address the probabilistic characteristic of generation in electricity markets. Then, original market demands are classified into several distinct demand clusters, which are defined by the effective outage rates of generators and by the inherent characteristic of the original demand. We have found that generators have different effective outage rates values at each classified demand cluster, depending on the market situation. From this, therefore, it can be seen that electricity markets can also be classified into several groups which show similar patterns and that the fundamental characteristics of power systems can be more efficiently analyzed in electricity markets perspectives, for this classification can be widely applicable to other technical problems in power systems such as generation scheduling, power flow analysis, price forecasts, and so on.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

Environmental issues had arisen following industrialization with rapid physical growth of city and its consequences: widened metropolitan areas, uncontrolled reconstructions of new metropolitan areas, many social issues, such as declines of existing metropolitan areas. Due to these issues, new development policies have been made in order to find identities and reconstruct new images of cities. This research aims to remind the meaning of conservation of modern construction and building re-use, and to identify values of modern architectures in the context of a city. Regeneration of cities is not only finding national identities, but also expecting to increase inflow of foreign travellers. However, this regeneration hasn't stayed sustainable, focusing only on short-term curing of the problem in limited areas. This work analyzes cases of modern architecture, historic buildings from various cultures: Western, Japanese, Chinese. The result of the analysis shows that the value of existing buildings and citizen participation is necessary to revitalize cities. Four characteristics have been also identified: historic relationship, spatial identity, spatial presence, and approachable efficiency. For a potential solution, cities need to be viewed from multiple perspectives to find a method to generate new vitality for a city whose values should be recognized as an asset through sustainable re-use, by transforming modern construction as a heritage.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2017

Multiple prior studies stress that continued Kaizen activity is conducive to building and maintaining competitive advantages of manufacturing companies. Meanwhile, it remains unclear as to what kind of management factors may exert impact on sustainment of Kaizen activity. This paper discusses a study conducted on the cases of two manufacturing lines, where such activity has been continued for more than ten years. At first, it was discovered that study period was divided into different periods. It was also found out that 'standstill conditions' which prevent smooth progress of activity exist in many periods, and that such conditions are hard to avoid. The study went on to categorize progress of activity in each period into different patterns, including at which points standstill conditions occurred, thereby, circumstances of standstill conditions were made clear. This paper verified a detailed process of Kaizen activity development in each period and the relationship between that detailed process and points of occurrence of standstill conditions. Thought was also given to factors and actions for smooth development, and effects brought about by overcoming such challenges. Lastly, consideration was given to the future perspectives of the study for elucidating how better Kaizen activity may be managed for continuation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.45-59
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze the distinct pattern of clustering of imported automobile distributors and provide evidence for the phenomenon using Korean data. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we use data from Korea Automobile Importers & Distributors Association of 23 foreign automobile brands to evaluate the degree of concentration of showrooms using locational Gini index. We identify possible causes for the high level of clustering from two perspectives; 1) on the distributors' side and 2) on the customers' side. Results - We find a very strong locational concentration of imported automobile showrooms within close vicinity in the major cities and districts in Korea. Locational Gini coefficients are 0.1024 at the national level, 0.1836~0.3763 at city level, and 0.3941~0.4311 at district level on a [0,0.5] scale. Conclusions - Luxury foreign automobile customers tend to shop extensively around multiple brands prior to their ideal model selection. Accordingly, the imported automobile distributors cluster together close to their direct competitors in order to give a good comparison opportunity for the potential customers. This will maximize the probability of the visits of potential customers and lead to successful sales performance.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2018

Purpose - The research aimed to reveal real decisional behavioral of management institutes in India for social media marketing usage, and analyses of empirical elements of social media consumption pattern. Research design, data, and methodology - The investigation was based around a research methodology using quantitative analysis with appropriate statistical techniques on random surveys of consumers, detailed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are applied to assess the empirical validity of the model and multiple regression employed using R studio edition to validate the reliability of the developed models. Results - A new conceptual framework is proposed - the management institutions decision model, providing a tool for effective and more focused decision-making strategies for developing better utilization techniques for social media. Management institutions have different requirements based upon objectives and resources available. The evidence suggests that the administrators need to be more aware of consumer indicators when targeting and designing social media marketing strategy. Conclusions - The research was based on samples and not the entire population of target consumers, providing limitations. As an inferential statistical method was chosen, the results might be susceptible to inaccuracy. The model developed from different age users, thereby providing rich perspectives into social media usage pattern.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.804-806
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• 2005

In this paper, a new probabilistic generation modeling method which can address the characteristics of changed electricity industry is proposed. The major contribution of this paper can be captured in the development of a probabilistic generation modeling considering generator maintenance outage and in the classification of market demand into multiple demand clusters for the applications to electricity markets. Conventional forced outage rates of generators are conceptually combined with maintenance outage of generators and, consequently, effective outage rates of generators are new iy defined in order to properly address the probabilistic characteristic of generation in electricity markets. Then, original market demands are classified into several distinct demand clusters, which are defined by the effective outage rates of generators and by the inherent characteristic of the original demand. We have found that generators have different effective outage rates values at each classified demand cluster, depending on the market situation. From this, therefore, it can be seen that electricity markets can also be classified into several groups which show similar patterns and that the fundamental characteristics of power systems can be more efficiently analyzed in electricity markets perspectives, for this classification can be widely applicable to other technical problems in power systems such as generation scheduling, power flow analysis, price forecasts, and so on.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.324-328
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of change in heel height on lower extremities activity of young women on high-heeled shoes that young women prefer from more kinetic and realistic perspective as this study changes the degree of slope on a treadmill. The study subjects are 15 young and healthy women who do not have any external injuries or problem with walking and understand the purpose of this study clearly. They wore three different height of heels(1cm, 7cm, 12cm) and walked on a treadmill at a constant speed of 3km/h. EMG value of four muscles (anterior tibial muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, straight muscle of thigh, and biceps muscle of thigh) were collected when walking and the change according to the height of heels were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Multiple comparison analysis on anterior tibial muscle and heel height showed that the group with 12cm heel showed significantly high muscle activation compared to the groups with 1cm and 7cm heels. The result of this study can be used for various perspectives from inferring and mediating problems caused by wearing high heels on different ground slopes for a long time.