• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.137.2-138
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• 2003

The commercial cultivars of red pepper were screened against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) by seedling test. Tn single infection of TMV or PMMoV, mosaic symptom was produced on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun'. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', symptoms were not occurred. In single infection of PepMoV, symptoms of mottle and malformation were produced on the tested cultivars of 'Manilla', 'Bugang', 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun' In the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', synergistic symptoms of stunt and lethal death were induced by mixed infections in the two combinations of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', synergistic symptom was not occurred as mottle which was milder than that of single infection. Cells were single infected with TMV and PMMoV the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', respectively, had typical ultrastructures of tobamovirus as the stacked-band structure and multiple spiral aggregate (SA). Ultrastructures of cell and tissues infected with PepMoV on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang', 'Wangshilgun', 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', the potyvirus inclusions of pinwhills, scrolls, lamminated aggregates and amorphous inclusion were observed. Infected cells with a combination of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV, the virus particles and inclusions of the two different viruses were found only mixed infection in the same cytoplasm and the amounts of viruses in mixed infections were abundant than in single infection. The angled-layer aggregates (ALA) was observed in the cells infected mixedly with TMV and PepMoV

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.141.1-141
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• 2003

Forty six isolates of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) collected from azuki bean, mungbean, kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean and peanut were classified into three groups based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular characteristics. Group I induced vein-banding symptoms in cowpea which was similar to those produced by the BCMV-cowpea strain. Group II caused mosaic symptoms in azuki bean but not in peanut and tobacco. Since this character was different from that of previously described BCMV strain, group II may not belong to BCMV GroupIII induced vein-clearing symptoms in azuki bean, kidney bean and peanut, which are typical symptoms for BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Virus inclusion patterns of BCMV groups were similar to those of Potyvirus subdivision III with the scroll, pinwheel and long laminated inclusions. However, the inclusions of laminated aggregates were never observed in mungbean isolates. Multiple alignment as well as cluster dendrograms of 3'noncoding region (3'-NCR) and a part of coat protein gene (CP) suggested that group I belongs to the BCMV-cowpea strain, group II to the BCMV-azuki bean strain, and group III to the BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Since molecular phylogenesis of BCMV based on nucleotides of 3'-NCR and coat protein differed from the grouping based on virulence differentiation, and BCMV groups are more closely related to each other with the same host origin, other characteristics of those strains are under investigation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1072-1087
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• 2008

A mixed volume and boundary integral equation method (Mixed VIEM-BIEM) is used to calculate the plane elastostatic field in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing an isotropic or anisotropic inclusion and a void subject to remote loading parallel to the traction-free boundary. A detailed analysis of stress field at the interface between the isotropic matrix and the isotropic or orthotropic inclusion is carried out for different values of the distance between the center of the inclusion and the traction-free surface boundary in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing three different geometries of an isotropic or orthotropic inclusion and a void. The method is shown to be very accurate and effective for investigating the local stresses in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions and multiple voids.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.508-513
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• 2003

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces toxin inclusions that are deleterious to target insect larvae. These toxins are believed to interact with a specific receptor protein(s) that is present on the gut epithelial cells of the larvae. In various insect species (in particular those belonging to the lepidopteran class), aminopeptidase N (APN) is one of the two receptor proteins that are considered to be involved in toxin-receptor interactions. However, in mosquitoes, the nature and identity of the receptor protein is unknown. Here, using RT-PCR, we identified two isoforms of the APN transcripts in the Aedes aegypti mosquito larval midgut. These results are congruent with a previous report of multiple isoforms of the APN gene expression in lepidopteran larvae. Which of the two isoforms (or other yet unidentified receptor proteins) is involved in the killing of mosquito larvae remains to be elucidated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.241-244
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• 2020

Three neonatal pigs from the same litter in a domestic farm were born with skin lesions. Grossly, multiple well-circumscribed, round papules distributed over the skin of the three piglets. Two piglets were submitted for a diagnosis of skin disease. Microscopically, epidermal hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration of stratum spinosum keratinocytes was observed. Some keratinocytes contained eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions and a central nuclear vacuole and chromatin margination. Swinepox (SWP) virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing, and Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated in skin lesions. Based on the gross findings and laboratory results, these piglets were diagnosed with congenital SWP with a secondary staphylococcal infection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2328-2339
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• 1992

The propagation of coherent time-harmonic elastic L-and SV-waves is studied in a medium with random distribution of cylindrical inclusions. The purpose of the research is to characterize the dynamic elastic moduli and the attenuation properties of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The cylindes representing the fibers are assumed to be distributed in parallel with each other and the direction of incident waves are normal to the cylinder axes. A multiple scattering formula using the single scattering coefficients in conjunction with the Lax's quasicrystalline approximation is derived from which the dispersion relation for such medium is obtained. In order to formulate the multiple scattering interaction between cylinders, the pair correlation functions are generated by the Monte Carlo simulation technique. From the numerically evaluated complex wavenumbers, the propagation speed of the average wave, the coherent attenuation and the effective elastic moduli are presented as functions of frequency and fiber volume fraction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.65-72
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• 1996

A dynamic self-consistent method previously proposed and validated for the composites containing spherical inclusions is applied to the simplest two dimensional problems : SH wave propagation in unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. The self-consistent conditions for SH wave are derived without limitation on frequency and the wave speed and coherent attenuation are calculated for two composites. THe results of the present theory are compared with those of the multiple scattering theories and another self-consistent theory. At low volume fractions, the present theoretical results coincide with those of the multiple scattering theory using exact pair-correlation function, whereas the results based on another self-consistent theory deviate markedly from the others. As the volume fraction increases, the three theories give different results although they have qualitatively similar trends. The present theoretical results for composites considered in this paper exhibit less dispersion and physically realizable attenuation. An important observation is that the multiple scattering theory predicts vanishingly small attenuation at low frequency with volume fraction is high.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.323-335
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• 2022

Together with neuronal loss, the existence of insoluble inclusions of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is widely accepted as a hallmark of synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy body. Because the α-syn aggregates are deeply involved in the pathogenesis, there have been many attempts to demonstrate the mechanism of the aggregation and its potential causative factors including post-translational modifications (PTMs). Although no concrete conclusions have been made based on the previous study results, growing evidence suggests that modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination can alter α-syn characteristics to have certain effects on the aggregation process in PD; either facilitating or inhibiting fibrillization. In the present work, we reviewed studies showing the significant impacts of PTMs on α-syn aggregation. Furthermore, the PTMs modulating α-syn aggregation-induced cell death have been discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2004

The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide. Insecticidal proteins, coded by genes located in plasmids, form typical parasporal, crystalline inclusions during sporulation. We isolated a Bacillus thuringiensis strain having insecticidal activity against larvae of the house fly (M. domestica) from the soils at a pig farm in Korea, and named it Bacillus thuringiensis SM. The culture filtrate from Bacillus thuringiensis SM showed strong lethality (83.3%) against M. domestica larvae. The parasporal crystal is enclosed within the spores' outermost envelope, as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and exhibited a bipyramidal form. The crystal proteins of strain SM consisted of five proteins with molecular weights of approximately ~130, ~80, ~68, ~42, and ~27 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE (major band, a size characteristic of Cry protein). Examination of antibiotic resistance revealed that the strain SM showed multiple resistant. The strain SM had at least three different plasmids with sizes of 6.6, 9.3, and 54 kb. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) revealed the presence of cry1, cry4A2, and cry11A1 genes in the strain SM. The cry1 gene profile of the strain SM appeared in the three respective products of 487 bp [cry1A(c)], 414 bp [cry1D], and 238 bp [cry1A(b)]. However, the strain SM has not shown the cry4A2 md cry11A1 genes. In in vivo toxicity assays, the strain SM showed high toxicity on fly larvae (M. domestic) [with $LC_{50}$ of 4.2 mg/ml, $LC_{90}$ of 8.2 mg/ml].

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to identify the status and risk factors of rituximab infusion-related adverse events (ADE) in rituximab-na$\ddot{i}$ve patients with cancer diseases. Method: A retrospective analysis using electronic medical records review was conducted. Inclusions were patients with a diagnosis of cancer disease with the initiation of rituximab-included treatment who were na$\ddot{i}$ve to rituximab during January 2011 to March 2013 at National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea. Result: Total 110 patients, 582 cases of rituximab administrations, were reported in the study. About 57.2% of patients were 51-70 years old and evenly distributed between two genders and 72.7% were BMI less than $25kg/m^2$. All of study patients were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fifty patients (45.4%) and 54 cases (9.3%) were experienced rituximab infusion-related AEs even with conservative administration protocol at NCC. The most frequently occurring AEs were shivering followed by rash and itching. In single variant analysis, we found that the early stage of NHL, low exposure to rituximab administrations, high white blood cell counts, high lymphocyte counts, high absolute neutrophil count and low lactate dehydrogenase were associated with infusion-related AEs (p<0.05). The early stage of disease, high lymphocyte counts, low exposure to rituximab administrations were also related significantly with AEs in multiple variants analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rituximab infusion-related AEs for patients who were na$\ddot{i}$ve to rituximab were still a concern with conservative administration protocol. The adverse drug reactions were significantly associated with early stage of NHL, higher lymphocyte counts and low exposure to rituximab administrations. The factors need to be considered with close monitoring to prevent rituximab infusion-related AE.