• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.691-703
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• 1998

Saliva is obviously potential medium to protect the dental caries by not only physical clearing effect, but aggregating action of protein with bacteria. Nevertheless, we still do not understand how the dental caries occur and what brings the individual difference in caries prevalence. In the regards of dental caries prevalence, we hypothesized that the composition of salivary protein might be different from caries susceptible group to caries resistant group. The purposes of this experiment were focused on the molecular analysis of salivary proteins from the subjects who were involved in multiple caries. Electrophoretic analysis was done on the whole saliva collected from the children with and without multiple caries. We found 86.2% of subjects with multiple caries has approximately 120 KDa protein band while 30.4% in the healthy subjects. And the concentration of the total protein on the subjects with multiple caries is significantly higher than that of the healthy group. However, it turned out that the difference of the salivary composition does not affect the bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite bead. With regards of enzymes in saliva, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and lactate dehydrogenase does not have any significant difference between both groups. However, the concentrations of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ in saliva from multiple caries group is higher than that of the control group. Taken all together, it may be concluded that 120 KDa protein in saliva may be associated with the process of dental caries, also the high concentration of protein and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ in saliva may be linked to dental caries development as a cofactors.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate; the alpha-fetoprotein, urea and free fatty acid in amniotic fluids and water filled multiple T-maze test of fetuses affected by Ethylenethiourea. The S.P.F. Sprague-Dawley female rats(10 weeks) were used in this study and these animals were divided into four groups; control group I (10mg/kg/day), group II(30mg/kg/day), group III(50mg/kg/day). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In the water filled multiple T-maze test of F1 male rats, The time and errors from start point to goal point of 30mg/kg group are significantly(p<0.001) increased from control group in 3rd day of test. In F1 female rats of 2nd day and 3rd day of water filled multiple T-maze test, The time and some errors in 30mg/kg group are significantly (p<0.05) increased from control group. 2. Alpha-fetoprotein values of all treated groups(10mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 50mg/kg) were significantly(p<0.001) decreased from control values in the amniotic fluids. 3. Urea values of ammniotic fluids in 50mg/kg group are significantly increased from control group. 4. Free fatty acid values of ammniotic fluids in 50mg/kg group are significantly increased from control group.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1999

Purpose: Despite of the popular use of the reconstruction plate for the fixation of clavicular shaft fractures, some disadventages have been raised such as long period of immobilization, long skin incision, loosening of plate and screws, and increased chance of nonunion due to severe periosteal injury. Thus, the authors have performed intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation that could reduce the disadvantages of plate fixation in order to compare the treatment results between the two groups. Materials & Methods: From 1994. Jan. to 1997. Dec. the department of orthopaedic surgery of the Kwak's hospital treated operatively for 56 cases of the clavicular shaft fractures in adult. 39 cases of them were treated with the plate fixation and 17 cases with the intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation(SP group). Reconstruction plates(Plate group) were used for 26 out of 39 patients treated with plate fixation. Among the Plate group and SP group, each 15 cases were selected by age and sex and compared each other according to the bone union time, union rate, complication, and functional results. The follow-up period was 12 months at the shortest and 48 months at the longest and the average was 16 months. Results: The Plate group showed that the bone union time was 7 weeks and the bone union rate was 93%. The SP group showed 6.5 weeks and 100% respectively. In complication, the Plate group had 1 case of loosening of plate and screws and delayed union; SP group had 1 case of pin migration. The functional results according to Kang's criteria, 87% of the Plate group and 93% of the SP group showed good or excellent. Conclusion : The SP group showed very comparable results in terms of the bone union time, bone union rate, complication, and functional results comparing to the Plate group. The intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation showed several advantages over the reconstruction plate fixation, which were simple operative technique, easy removal of pins, being able to perform immediate postoperative full range of motion exercise. Therefore, the intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation is thought to be one of the useful operative techniques in treatment of the clavicular shaft fractures in adult.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1889-1910
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• 2017

This paper investigates a protocol so-called Adaptive Harvest Then Transmit (AHTT) for wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) in multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink systems, which assists in transmitting signals from a multi-antenna transmitter to a single-antenna receiver. Particularly, the power constrained relay is supplied with power by utilizing radio frequency (RF) signals from the source. In order to take advantage of multiple antennas, two different linear processing schemes, including Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Selection Combination (SC) are studied. The system outage capacity and ergodic capacity are evaluated for performance analysis. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation is also considered. Our numerical and simulation results prove that the implementation of multiple antennas helps boost the energy harvesting capability. Therefore, this paper puts forward a new way to the energy efficiency (EE) enhancement, which contributes to better system performance.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.217-232
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• 2005

This study examined the effects of an art program based on multiple intelligence theory on children's creativity and spatial ability. The art education program focused on three processes : perception, production and reflection. Subjects were 68 five-year-old children. The experimental design was 'The Untreated Control Group Design with Pretest & Posttest'. ANCOV was employed for statistical analysis. Results were that the children in the experimental group scored significantly higher on creativity and spatial ability than the children in the control group. Results imply that an art education program based on multiple intelligence theory can be an effective teaching model for improving children's creativity and spatial ability.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of science class using multiple intelligence on science learning motivation, academic achievement and science process skill of elementary student. The number of participants were 98, 4 classes of $3^{rd}$ graders in G elementary school in B city. The experimental group, 2 classes including 49 participants, had science classes using multiple intelligence while the comparative group, 2 classes including 49 participants, took ordinary teacher-driven lessons using teacher's guidebook. Pre and post tests were done before and after executing lessons to assess the changing in each group's science learning motivation, academic achievement and science process skill. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the pre and post test results of science learning motivation revealed that the experimental group had higher improvement compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. Second, the post test results of the science academic achievement showed that the experimental group had higher average value compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. Third, the pre and post test results of basic science process skill showed that the experimental group had higher average value compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful, especially in inference and prediction elements.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2006년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.51-59
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• 2006

서해안 조간대에서 24 channel 탐사기로 획득한 표면파 자료의 위상속도와 군속도를 구한다음, 이를 역산하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 위상속도의 분산곡선은 tau-p stacking 방법에 의하여, 군속도의 분산곡선은 wavelet analysis와 Multiple Filtering Technique의 두가지 방법을 사용하여 구하였다. 위상속도의 오차가 군속도의 오차보다 더 큰 것을 확인하였다. 군속도의 경우, wavelet analysis가 Multiple Filtering Technique 보다 fundamental mode와 higher mode를 구분하는데 더 효과적이었다. 역산결과, 군속도의 fundamental mode와 1st higher mode 를 동시에 사용했을 때, 공간적 해상도가 가장 좋았다. 이연구는 천부 지반의 S파 속도 구조를 구하는데, 군속도의 higher mode를 포함한 군속도 분산곡선을 사용하는 것이 효과적임을 시사한다.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

목적: 만성 석회화 건염에 대한 보존적 치료방법으로 석회질 다발성 천공술과 체외 충격파 병합 치료의 효과를 비교하고, 체외 충격파 치료의 에너지 수준에 따른 임상적, 방사선학적 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 환자 선정은 2010년 6월부터 2011년 8월까지 어깨 통증으로 내원 후 극상근 만성 석회화 건염으로 진단받은 환자 98명을 대상으로 하였으며, 천공술 후 체외 충격파 치료를 에너지 수준에 따라 고에너지군(제 1군;31명), 저에너지군(제 2군;36명) 및 다발성 천공술 시행군(제 3군;31명) 으로 분류하였다. 보존적 치료에 반응하지 않고, 견관절 통증이 6개월 이상 지속되는 만성 석회화 건염 환자들만을 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 평가는 시술 전과 후 12주째 임상적 기능향상 및 증상 호전 정도를 ASES, KSS, CSS와 방사선학적 호전 정도를 석회화 결절의 크기 변화로 평가하였다. 결과: 세 군 모두에서 임상적 기능의 개선과 석회화의 감소가 나타났으며, 특히 임상적인 개선이 다발성 천공술만을 시행한 군(3 군)보다 추가적인 ESWT를 시행한 군(1, 2군)에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 또 방사선학적으로 볼 때, 석회화의 크기와 진행 속도는 통계적으로 유의하게 줄어들었다. 군간의 비교를 보면, 임상기능 개선의 정도와 석회화의 속도 감소의 차이는 고에너지 군(1군), 다발성 천공술(3군) 사이가 저에너지 군(2군), 다발성 천공술(3군)에서 보다 더 크게 나타났다, 그러나, 고에너지 군(1군)과 저에너지 군(2군)에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 결론: 만성 석회화 건염의 치료를 위해, 추가적인 체외 충격파 치료는 다발성 천공술 단일로 시행했을 때보다 에너지 수준에 관계없이 임상적 기능의 개선과 석회화의 감소에 더 우수한 효과를 보여주었다. 그러나, 에너지 수준에 의한 체외 충격파 치료의 결과로, 석회화의 감소와 임상 기능 개선 정도에 대한 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2000

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of maternal age on embryo quality and the frequency of multiple pregnancy in IVF-ET program. Method: 86 conventional IVF-ET cycles were divided into three groups according to the age by 5 year (group A: 26-30, group B: 31-35, group C: 36-40 yrs). The in vitro fertilization and development outcome (fertilization, cleavage and high quality embryo rate) and the pregnancy outcome (pregnancy, implantation, G-sac/high quality embryo and multiple pregnancy rate) were examined. And then, these results were compared among the groups. Results: The rates of fertilization (62.7, 68.5 and 65.4%, respectively) and cleavage (95.6, 97.6 and 98.0%, respectively) were not different among the groups. And the high quality embryo (HQE) rate also was not different among the groups (61.8, 62.9 and 62.8%, respectively). The pregnancy rate of group C (23.3%) was significantly lower than that of group A (41.2%) and B (48.7%). And the implantation rate was significantly decreased with advance in maternal age (group A; 17.3%, B; 12.6% and C; 6.0%). The G-sac/high quality embryo rate was significantly higher in group A (70.8%) when compared to group B (32.2%) and C (40.0%). On the other hand, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group C (14.3%) when compared to group A (71.4%) and B (36.8%). Conclusion: The pregnancy rate was significantly decreased over 35 years. The G-sac/HQE and multiple pregnancy rate were significantly high below 31 years. Thus, these results suggest that the number of high quality embryo transferred should be limited by the age and another criteria for embryo quality evaluation were required for single embryo transfer.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of the 'Friends of Nature' education program on multiple intelligence(MI) and emotional intelligence(EI or EQ). The 'Friends of Nature' activity was designed as an education program on the basis of the theories of multiple intelligence and emotional intelligence in order to develop MI and EI through real experiences in the nature. The subjects were 5-year-old kindergarten children, the education activities lasted for 7 months. Significant effects were found in the children's multiple and emotional intelligence between the control group and the activity group in some but not all areas of MI and EI. Consequently, the 'Friends of Nature' program can be said to have partially positive effects on the improvement of children's multiple and emotional intelligence.